Increasing Incidence of Candidemia: Results from a 20-Year Nationwide Study in Iceland

Ásmundsdóttir, Lena Rós; Erlendsdóttir, Helga; Gottfredsson, Magnús

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.9.3489-3492.2002

Cited by 188Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal Infections and StudiesOcular Infections and Treatments

Increasing Incidence of Candidemia: Results from a 20-Year Nationwide Study in Iceland

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Ásmundsdóttir, Lena Rós, Erlendsdóttir, Helga, Gottfredsson, Magnús·2002·Journal of Clinical Microbiology

DOI 10.1128/jcm.40.9.3489-3492.2002PMC PMC130691

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Abstract

A nationwide study on candidemia was conducted in Iceland from 1980 to 1999. The annual incidence increased from 1.4 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year between 1980 and 1984 to 4.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year between 1995 and 1999 (P < 0.0001). Candidemia episodes at university hospitals increased from 0.15/1,000 admissions to 0.55/1,000 admissions (P < 0.0001). Candida albicans was the predominant species responsible (64.4%). The national import of fluconazole increased approximately fourfold during the second half of the study, but increased resistance to this agent was not observed.

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Candida bloodstream infections are increasingly frequent.
“Candida bloodstream infections are increasingly frequent [101,102] and are often associated with clinical evidence of sepsis syndrome and high associated attributable mortality [103, 104].”
From Guidelines for Treatment of Candidiasis (2004) · cites this paper as [101]
Recent surveys from France, Italy, Switzerland, Finland, Iceland, Taiwan, and Norway indicate that C. glabrata has not increased as a cause of invasive candidiasis to the extent seen in the United States, despite increased fluconazole use in each of those countries.
“and recent surveys from France (254), Italy (139, 289), Switzerland (147), Finland (234), Iceland (11), Taiwan (33, 34, 107, 108), and Norway (259) indicate that C. glabrata has not increased as a cause of IC to the extent in the United States despite an increase in the use of fluconazole in each of those countries.”
From Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem (2007) · cites this paper as [11]
The association between fluconazole use and increased isolation of C. glabrata is well known, but evidence is strongest for cancer centers and less so for individual nonspecialty hospitals.
“Although the association with fluconazole use and increased isolation of C. glabrata is well known (1, 10, 148, 311, 319), the evidence is strongest for cancer centers and less so for individual nonspecialty hospitals (11, 33, 131, 145, 147, 259).”
From Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem (2007) · cites this paper as [11]
Many surveys of antifungal susceptibility and resistance have now been published and include studies of isolates from ICU patients and of nosocomial and community-onset BSIs in several different countries.
“Many such surveys have now been published and include studies of isolates from ICU patients and of nosocomial and community-onset BSIs in several different countries (5, 10, 11, 33, 34, 35, 41, 49, 92, 104, 107, 108, 113, 183, 207, 212, 217, 218, 221, 224, 230, 234, 259, 279, 289, 290, 323).”
From Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem (2007) · cites this paper as [11]
These data are highly representative of those published in numerous in vitro studies of Candida BSI isolates.
“These data are highly representative of those published in numerous in vitro studies of Candida BSI isolates (11, 33, 35, 47-49, 92, 107, 108, 113, 259, 279, 290).”
From Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem (2007) · cites this paper as [11]

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Authors: Ásmundsdóttir, L. R., Erlendsdóttir, H., & Gottfredsson, M.
Affiliations: University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101Departments of
Clinical Microbiology
Venue: Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2002-09
Volume: 40
Issue: 9
Pages: 3489-3492
ISSN: 0095-1137 (ISSN-L)
1098-660X
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.9.3489-3492.2002
PMC: PMC130691
OpenAlex: W2147785178
Cited by: 188
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 3.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Microbiology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Hirsla (Landspítali University Hospital) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Infections and Treatments
Keywords: candidemia, incidence trends, Candida albicans, antifungal resistance, hospitalization, invasive fungal infections, Iceland
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antifungal Agents, Blood, Candida, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Child, Child, Preschool, Culture Media, Humans, Iceland, Infant, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Incidence, Fungemia, Age Distribution

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Increasing Incidence of Candidemia: Results from a 20-Year Nationwide Study in Iceland

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