Cited by 250Sirtuins and Resveratrol in MedicineBiochemical and Molecular ResearchPARP inhibition in cancer therapy

The Small Molecule GMX1778 Is a Potent Inhibitor of NAD + Biosynthesis: Strategy for Enhanced Therapy in Nicotinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase 1-Deficient Tumors

Open access
Watson, Mark, Roulston, Anne, Bélec, Laurent, Billot, Xavier, Marcellus, Richard, Bédard, Dominique, Bernier, Cynthia, Branchaud, Stéphane +18 more·2009·Molecular and Cellular Biology

Abstract

GMX1777 is a prodrug of the small molecule GMX1778, currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. We describe findings indicating that GMX1778 is a potent and specific inhibitor of the NAD(+) biosynthesis enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Cancer cells have a very high rate of NAD(+) turnover, which makes NAD(+) modulation an attractive target for anticancer therapy. Selective inhibition by GMX1778 of NAMPT blocks the production of NAD(+) and results in tumor cell death. Furthermore, GMX1778 is phosphoribosylated by NAMPT, which increases its cellular retention. The cytotoxicity of GMX1778 can be bypassed with exogenous nicotinic acid (NA), which permits NAD(+) repletion via NA phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (NAPRT1). The cytotoxicity of GMX1778 in cells with NAPRT1 deficiency, however, cannot be rescued by NA. Analyses of NAPRT1 mRNA and protein levels in cell lines and primary tumor tissue indicate that high frequencies of glioblastomas, neuroblastomas, and sarcomas are deficient in NAPRT1 and not susceptible to rescue with NA. As a result, the therapeutic index of GMX1777 can be widended in the treatment animals bearing NAPRT1-deficient tumors by coadministration with NA. This provides the rationale for a novel therapeutic approach for the use of GMX1777 in the treatment of human cancers.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1128/mcb.00112-09

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Small-molecule NAMPT inhibitors can be effective anti-tumor agents in vitro and in xenograft cancer models.

    “Small-molecules targeting NAMPT can be effective anti-tumor agents in vitro and in xenograft cancer models (Nahimana et al., 2009; Tan et al., 2015b; Watson et al., 2009).”

    From Targeting Metabolism for Cancer Therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 2009

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Watson, M., Roulston, A., Bélec, L., Billot, X., Marcellus, R., Bédard, D., Bernier, C., Branchaud, S., Chan, H., Dairi, K., Gilbert, K., Goulet, D., Gratton, M.-O., Isakau, H., Jang, A., Khadir, A., Koch, E., Lavoie, M., Lawless, M., Nguyen, M., Paquette, D., Turcotte, E., Berger, A., Mitchell, M., Shore, G. C., & Beauparlant, P.
Affiliations
  • Inimex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) (CA)
  • Gemin X Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc., Montréal
  • McGill University (CA)
  • Metabolon (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Watson, Mark
Venue
Molecular and Cellular Biology
Published
2009-11
Volume
29
Issue
21
Pages
5872-5888
ISSN
  • 0270-7306 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5549
OpenAlex
W2119700304
Cited by
229
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 17
FWCI
8.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular and Cellular Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › PARP inhibition in cancer therapy
Keywords
visfatin, nicotinic acid, prodrugs, cancer cell death, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, sarcoma, cancer therapy
MeSH terms
Animals, Cyanides, Guanidines, Humans, Models, Biological, Models, Molecular, NAD, Neoplasms, Niacin, Phosphorylation, Ribose, Substrate Specificity, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Cell Death, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review