Nicotinamide Clearance by Pnc1 Directly Regulates Sir2-Mediated Silencing and Longevity
Open accessAbstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sir2 protein is an NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC) that functions in transcriptional silencing and longevity. The NAD(+) salvage pathway protein, Npt1, regulates Sir2-mediated processes by maintaining a sufficiently high intracellular NAD(+) concentration. However, another NAD(+) salvage pathway component, Pnc1, modulates silencing independently of the NAD(+) concentration. Nicotinamide (NAM) is a by-product of the Sir2 deacetylase reaction and is a natural Sir2 inhibitor. Pnc1 is a nicotinamidase that converts NAM to nicotinic acid. Here we show that recombinant Pnc1 stimulates Sir2 HDAC activity in vitro by preventing the accumulation of NAM produced by Sir2. In vivo, telomeric, rDNA, and HM silencing are differentially sensitive to inhibition by NAM. Furthermore, PNC1 overexpression suppresses the inhibitory effect of exogenously added NAM on silencing, life span, and Hst1-mediated transcriptional repression. Finally, we show that stress suppresses the inhibitory effect of NAM through the induction of PNC1 expression. Pnc1, therefore, positively regulates Sir2-mediated silencing and longevity by preventing the accumulation of intracellular NAM during times of stress.
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A supraphysiologic dose of NAM (1-5 mM compared with 200 μM used in lifespan extension experiments) has been associated with reduced lifespan in yeast and C. elegans.
“a supraphysiologic dose of NAM (1–5 mM as compared with 200 μM used in experiments with lifespan extension190) has also been associated with reduced lifespan in yeast and C. elegans190–192.”
From NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing (2021) · cites this paper as [192]
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- Authors
- Gallo, C. M., Smith, D. L., & Smith, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Jeffrey S.
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-02-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1301-1312
- ISSN
- 0270-7306 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5549
- PMC
- PMC321434
- OpenAlex
- W2149754072
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 73
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- FWCI
- 7.81
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- journal article
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- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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- Molecular and Cellular Biology (publishedVersion)
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- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r03ag022685-01)
- National Institute on Aging (AG022685)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-08136, S06GM008136, GM61692, R01GM061692)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Keywords
- Sir2, nicotinamide, nicotinamidase, NAD+ salvage pathway, histone deacetylase, transcriptional silencing, longevity, lifespan, telomeric silencing, rDNA silencing, FGF4, stress response, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- MeSH terms
- DNA, Ribosomal, Histone Deacetylases, Nicotinamidase, Niacinamide, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Time Factors, Telomere, Gene Silencing, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Sirtuins, Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sirtuin 2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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