The silencing protein SIR2 and its homologs are NAD-dependent protein deacetylases
Open accessAbstract
Homologs of the chromatin-bound yeast silent information regulator 2 (SIR2) protein are found in organisms from all biological kingdoms. SIR2 itself was originally discovered to influence mating-type control in haploid cells by locus-specific transcriptional silencing. Since then, SIR2 and its homologs have been suggested to play additional roles in suppression of recombination, chromosomal stability, metabolic regulation, meiosis, and aging. Considering the far-ranging nature of these functions, a major experimental goal has been to understand the molecular mechanism(s) by which this family of proteins acts. We report here that members of the SIR2 family catalyze an NAD–nicotinamide exchange reaction that requires the presence of acetylated lysines such as those found in the N termini of histones. Significantly, these enzymes also catalyze histone deacetylation in a reaction that absolutely requires NAD, thereby distinguishing them from previously characterized deacetylases. The enzymes are active on histone substrates that have been acetylated by both chromatin assembly-linked and transcription-related acetyltransferases. Contrary to a recent report, we find no evidence that these proteins ADP-ribosylate histones. Discovery of an intrinsic deacetylation activity for the conserved SIR2 family provides a mechanism for modifying histones and other proteins to regulate transcription and diverse biological processes.
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In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the longevity protein Sir2 exhibited its lifespan-promoting effects in an NAD+-dependent manner.
“However, another key discovery was made more recently in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showing that the longevity protein Sir2 (the yeast sirtuin) exhibited its lifespan-promoting effects in an NAD+-dependent manner12,73,74.”
From NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing (2021) · cites this paper as [73]
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- Authors
- Landry, J., Sutton, A., Tafrov, S. T., Heller, R. C., Stebbins, J., Pillus, L., & Sternglanz, R.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2000-05-16
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 5807-5811
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC18515
- OpenAlex
- W1974890383
- Cited by
- 970
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 39.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R56GM028220, GM-28220, GM 54778, R01GM054778, R01GM055641, GM55641, R01GM028220)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- Sir2, sirtuins, NAD+-dependent deacetylase, histone deacetylation, lysine acetylation, ADP-ribosylation, transcriptional silencing, chromatin modification, histone acetyltransferase
- MeSH terms
- Acetylation, Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose, Animals, Chickens, Fungal Proteins, Multigene Family, Histone Deacetylases, Histones, Lysine, NAD, Niacinamide, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trans-Activators, Gene Silencing, Sirtuins, Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sirtuin 2
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