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Bacterial Secretion Systems: An Overview

Open access
Green, Erin R., Mecsas, Joan·2016·Microbiology Spectrum

Abstract

Bacterial pathogens utilize a multitude of methods to invade mammalian hosts, damage tissue sites, and thwart the immune system from responding. One essential component of these strategies for many bacterial pathogens is the secretion of proteins across phospholipid membranes. Secreted proteins can play many roles in promoting bacterial virulence, from enhancing attachment to eukaryotic cells, to scavenging resources in an environmental niche, to directly intoxicating target cells and disrupting their functions. Many pathogens use dedicated protein secretion systems to secrete virulence factors from the cytosol of the bacteria into host cells or the host environment. In general, bacterial protein secretion apparatuses can be divided into classes, based on their structures, functions, and specificity. Some systems are conserved in all classes of bacteria and secrete a broad array of substrates, while others are only found in a small number of bacterial species and/or are specific to only one or a few proteins. In this chapter, we review the canonical features of several common bacterial protein secretion systems, as well as their roles in promoting the virulence of bacterial pathogens. Additionally, we address recent findings that indicate that the innate immune system of the host can detect and respond to the presence of protein secretion systems during mammalian infection.

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Crossref · 10.1128/microbiolspec.vmbf-0012-2015

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Metadata

Authors
Green, E. R., & Mecsas, J.
Venue
Microbiology Spectrum
Published
2016-01-29
Volume
4
Issue
1
ISSN
2165-0497 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2308145610
Cited by
1,079
References
8
FWCI
59.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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