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A red bole zircon record of cryptic silicic volcanism in the Deccan Traps, India

O’Connor, Liam, Szymanowski, Dawid, Eddy, Michael P., Samperton, Kyle M., Schoene, Blair·2022·Geology
DOI 10.1130/g49613.1
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Abstract

Silicic magmas within large igneous provinces (LIPs) are understudied relative to volumetrically dominant mafic magmas despite their prevalence and possible contribution to LIP-induced environmental degradation. In the 66 Ma Deccan LIP (India), evolved magmatism is documented, but its geographic distribution, duration, and significance remain poorly understood. Zircons deposited in weathered Deccan lava flow tops (“red boles”) offer a means of indirectly studying potentially widespread, silicic, explosive volcanism spanning the entire period of flood basalt eruptions. We explored this record through analysis of trace elements and Hf isotopes in zircon crystals previously dated by U–Pb geochronology. Our results show that zircon populations within individual red boles fingerprint distinct volcanic sources that likely developed in an intraplate setting on cratonic Indian lithosphere. However, our red bole zircon geochemical and isotopic characteristics do not match those from previously studied silicic magmatic centers, indicating that they must derive from yet undiscovered or understudied volcanic centers associated with the Deccan LIP.

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Figure 1 Red bole geochronology of the Deccan Traps (India). (A) Sample locations; circles and squares, color-coded by basalt formationred boles, tephra, coarse basalt (Schoene et al., 2015, 2019; Eddy et al., 2020); triangles-silicic magmatic complexes in Gujarat (B-Barda, A-Alech, G-Girnar, R-Rajula, 4-24-Phenai Mata; Basu et al., 2020a). (B) Paleogeography of India at ca. 66 Ma. TTSZ-Trans-Tethyan subduction zone. (C) Basalt stratigraphy in the southern Malwa Plateau and the Western Ghats. Circles mark stratigraphic positions of zircon-bearing samples; vertical bars represent their U-Pb age estimates; gray backgrounds show a tentative correlation of eruptive pulses across the two areas (modified from Eddy et al., 2020).
Figure 1 Red bole geochronology of the Deccan Traps (India). (A) Sample locations; circles and squares, color-coded by basalt formationred boles, tephra, coarse basalt (Schoene et al., 2015, 2019; Eddy et al., 2020); triangles-silicic magmatic complexes in Gujarat (B-Barda, A-Alech, G-Girnar, R-Rajula, 4-24-Phenai Mata; Basu et al., 2020a). (B) Paleogeography of India at ca. 66 Ma. TTSZ-Trans-Tethyan subduction zone. (C) Basalt stratigraphy in the southern Malwa Plateau and the Western Ghats. Circles mark stratigraphic positions of zircon-bearing samples; vertical bars represent their U-Pb age estimates; gray backgrounds show a tentative correlation of eruptive pulses across the two areas (modified from Eddy et al., 2020).CC-BY · From the PDF
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Figure 4 Compositions of Deccan zircons color-coded for basalt formation. (A) ε Hf variations with U-Pb date. CHUR-chondritic uniform reservoir. (B) Tectono-magmatic zircon provenance diagram outlining fields for mid-ocean ridge (MOR-type), ocean island and other plume-influenced (OI-type), and continental arc-type (Cont. Arc-type) zircon (Grimes et al., 2015).
Figure 4 Compositions of Deccan zircons color-coded for basalt formation. (A) ε Hf variations with U-Pb date. CHUR-chondritic uniform reservoir. (B) Tectono-magmatic zircon provenance diagram outlining fields for mid-ocean ridge (MOR-type), ocean island and other plume-influenced (OI-type), and continental arc-type (Cont. Arc-type) zircon (Grimes et al., 2015).CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 3 Hf-isotopic and Lu/Gd ratios of zircon from individual red boles compared to the analyzed silicic magmatic centers in Gujarat. Stratigraphic columns indicate the position of each sample group within the Deccan Traps.
Figure 3 Hf-isotopic and Lu/Gd ratios of zircon from individual red boles compared to the analyzed silicic magmatic centers in Gujarat. Stratigraphic columns indicate the position of each sample group within the Deccan Traps.CC-BY · From the PDF

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
O’Connor, L., Szymanowski, D., Eddy, M. P., Samperton, K. M., & Schoene, B.
Affiliations
  • Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
  • Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
  • Trace Nuclear Measurement Technology Group, Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29808, USA
Venue
Geology
Publisher
Geological Society of America
Published
2022-01-05
Volume
50
Issue
4
Pages
460-464
ISSN
  • 0091-7613
  • 1943-2682
DOI
10.1130/g49613.1
Cited by
12
References
2
Language
en

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