The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Coffee consumption and death from coronary heart disease in middle aged Norwegian men and women
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE--To study the association between number of cups of coffee consumed per day and coronary death when taking other major coronary risk factors into account. DESIGN--Men and women attending screening and followed up for a mean of 6.4 years. SETTING--Cardiovascular survey performed by ambulatory teams from the National Health Screening Service in Norway. PARTICIPANTS--All middle aged people in three counties: 19,398 men and 19,166 women aged 35-54 years who reported neither cardiovascular disease or diabetes nor symptoms of angina pectoris or intermittent claudication. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Predictive value of number of cups of coffee consumed per day. RESULTS--At initial screening total serum cholesterol concentration, high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, height, and weight were measured and self reported information about smoking history, physical activity, and coffee drinking habits was recorded. Altogether 168 men and 16 women died of coronary heart disease during follow up. Mean cholesterol concentrations for men and women were almost identical and increased from the lowest to highest coffee consumption group (13.1% and 10.9% respectively). With the proportional hazards model and adjustment for age, total serum and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and number of cigarettes per day the coefficient for coffee corresponded to a relative risk between nine or more cups of coffee and less than one cup of 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 4.5) for men and 5.1 (0.4 to 60.3) for women. For men the relative risk varied among the three counties. CONCLUSIONS--Coffee may affect mortality from coronary heart disease over and above its effect in raising cholesterol concentrations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In cohort studies with repeated measurements of exposure assess- ment, the association between heart disease and coffee intake was strongest when the exposure measurement used was nearest to the outcome.'042”
From Does coffee drinking increase the risk of coronary heart disease? Results from a meta‐analysis (1994) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“The Norwegian study by Tverdal et al found relative risks of CHD death (comparing more than nine v less than one cup/day) of 2-2 (95% CI 1 1 to 4 5) for men, and 5-1 (95% CI 0 4 to 60 3) for women.42”
From Does coffee drinking increase the risk of coronary heart disease? Results from a meta‐analysis (1994) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Analysis of Mortality by the Subject-Years Method
Berry, G. (1983) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530817 · Cited by 280
The cardiovascular disease study in Norwegian counties. Background and organization.
Bjartveit, K., Foss, O. P., Gjervig, T., & Lund‐Larsen, P. G. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 227
Self-citationCoffee consumption and the incidence of coronary heart disease.
LaCroix, A. Z., Mead, L. A., Liang, K.-Y., Thomas, C. B., & Pearson, T. A. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198610163151601 · Cited by 183
Healy, M. J. R. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 126
Coffee and cholesterol in epidemiological and experimental studies
Thelle, D. S., Heyden, S., & FODOR, J. G. (1987) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(87)90270-x · Cited by 104
Stensvold, I. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90101-7 · Cited by 99
Self-citationCOFFEE CONSUMPTION AND MORTALITY IN THE CHICAGO WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY STUDY
Legrady, D., Dyer, A. R., Shekelle, R. B., Stamler, J., Liu, K., Paul, O., Lepper, M. H., & Shryock, A. M. (1987) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114717 · Cited by 93
Coffee Intake and Elevated Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B Levels in Men
Williams, P. T. (1985) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1985.03350340059017 · Cited by 78
Coffee and cholesterol: is it all in the brewing? The Tromsø Study.
Bønaa, K. H., Arnesen, E., Thelle, D. S., & Førde, O. H. (1988) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6656.1103 · Cited by 68
Coffee consumption and blood pressure: an Italian study.
Periti, M., Salvaggio, A., Quaglia, G., & Di Marzio, L. (1987) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0720443 · Cited by 58
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Payne CD, ed. The GLIM system, release 3.77, revision a. Oxford: Numerical Algorithms Group, 1986.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–157 of 157
Panagiotakos, D. B., Lionis, C. D., Zeimbekis, A., Makri, K., Bountziouka, V. P., Economou, M., Vlachou, I., Micheli, M., Tsakountakis, N., Metallinos, G., et al. (2007) · The Review of Diabetic Studies · doi:10.1900/rds.2007.4.105 · Cited by 16
“[31] found that consuming nine or more cups of coffee per day increased the risk of coronary heart disease mortality by 2.”
BackgroundCoffee Oil Consumption Does Not Affect Serum Cholesterol in Rhesus and Cebus Monkeys
Terpstra, A. H. M., Katan, M., Wouw, M. P. M. E. W.-V. D., Nicolosi, R. J., & Beynen, A. C. (1995) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/125.9.2301 · Cited by 16
Dietary modification of metabolic pathways via nuclear hormone receptors
Caiozzi, G. C., Wong, B. S., & Ricketts, M. (2012) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.2842 · Cited by 15
Declining cardiovascular disease incidence and environmental components
Lloyd, B. L. (1994) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04448.x · Cited by 14
Mahmoud, O. N., Al-Qahiz, N. M., & Ismail, M. S. (2013) · Food and public health · Cited by 11
Chronic consumers of boiled coffee have elevated serum levels of lipoprotein(a)
Rob Urgert, B., Wouw, M. P. M. E. W.-V. D., Hovenier, R., Lund‐Larsen, P. G., & Katan, M. (1996) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.51885000.x · Cited by 11
Self-citationCOFFEE CONSUMPTION AND CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY
Lindsted, K. D., Kuzma, J. W., & Anderson, J. L. (1992) · Cited by 11
Coffee, Caffeine, and Cardiovascular Disease
(1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199104043241412 · Cited by 11
Effect of caffeine on the risk of coronary heart disease— A re-evaluation
Adebayo, J. O., Akinyinka, A. O., Odewole, G. A., & okwusidi, J. I. (2007) · Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/bf02912877 · Cited by 10
Yao, H., Li, L., Wang, X., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-024-01417-6 · Cited by 7
“On the contrary, several other research findings suggest that high coffee intake is positively associated with overall mortality and risk of CVD mortality [22, 23].”
ResultIncreasing empathy between medical students and nurses
Sheth, H. G., & Mallipedi, R. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7081.682 · Cited by 7
Shirai, Y., Imai, T., Sezaki, A., Miyamoto, K., Kawase, F., Abe, C., Sanada, M., Inden, A., Kato, T., Sugihara, N., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15611-x · Cited by 6
Rustan, A. C., Halvorsen, B. L., Ranheim, T., & DREVONC, C. A. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51830.x · Cited by 6
Kempf, K., & Martin, S. (2010) · Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00063-010-1156-x · Cited by 7
“erkrankungen steigt [10].”
Coffee and disease: an overview with main emphasis on blood lipids and homocysteine
Thelle, D. S., & Strandhagen, E. (2005) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.3402/fnr.v49i2.1522 · Cited by 6
“This association, if biologically real, may explain why coffee consumption was a predictor of coronary death in an earlier Norwegian study, even after adjusting for both smoking and serum cholesterol (19).”
ResultCoffee and disease: an overview with main emphasis on blood lipids and homocysteine
Thelle, D. S., & Strandhagen, E. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/11026480510037138 · Cited by 7
Coffee, cholesterol, and coronary heart disease.
Thelle, D. S. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6780.804 · Cited by 6
Garrow, J. S. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6780.803 · Cited by 6
Thomas, S. C., & Bethel, J. O. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7081.678 · Cited by 5
Efecto vasodilatador in vitro de la cafeína en aorta de conejos ateroscleróticos
Echeverri, D., Buitrago, L., Delgadillo, A., Beltrán, M., & Montes, F. R. (2008) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0214-9168(08)72582-8 · Cited by 5
“Se ha descrito que el consumo de café podría afectar de manera ad-versa a la presión arterial 3,4 , el perfil de lípidos 4 , los valores de homocisteína 5 , así como favorecer la presencia de taquicardia y arritmias cardíacas 6,7 e inducir más incidencia de enfermedad coronaria sintomática 8 .”
Ratio of inhaled corticosteroid to bronchodilator as indicator of quality of asthma prescribing
Roberts, S. J. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7081.680a · Cited by 5
Tuomilehto, J. O. (1991) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000177677 · Cited by 4
Skurtveit, S. O., & Tverdal, A. (2003) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00319-8 · Cited by 4
“, 1987), raised the total cholesterol level (Tverdal et al., 1990).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCoffee: chemical composition, antioxidant activity and effects on human health
Interlab, Yashin, A. Y., Levin, D. A., Interlab, Levina, L., Interlab, Vedenin, A. N., Interlab, Yashin, Y. I., & Interlab (2020) · Laboratory and production · doi:10.32757/2619-0923.2020.2.12.88.102 · Cited by 3
Lund‐Larsen, P. G. (2011) · Norsk Epidemiologi · doi:10.5324/nje.v13i1.304 · Cited by 3
Self-citationCardiovascular Effects of Caffeine: Misconceptions about caffeine use and caronary heart disease.
Myers, M. G. (1992) · PubMed Central · Cited by 3
RELATION BETWEEN TEA DRINKING AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY
Hossein‐Nezhad, A., Soltani, A. A. F., Rahemi, E., Shafaei, A., Bagher, A. L. M., & Maghbooli, Z. (2003) · Cited by 3
Ke, D., Wang, Y., Hou, Y., Shao, W., Ke, J., Zhang, X., Yang, H., He, Z., & Lu, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1530908 · Cited by 2
El-Moneim, A. E. A., Afify, M. R., Elalla, F. M. A., & Hassan, A. A. (2009) · AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES · Cited by 2
Agudelo, G. M., Velásquez, C., Cardona, O. L., Duque, M., Posada, M., Vanesa Pineda, S., & Flórez, L. E. S. (2008) · Revista Colombiana de Cardiología · Cited by 2
Elucidating the mechanism behind the lipid-raising effect of cafestol
Boekschoten, M. V. (2004) · doi:10.18174/39059 · Cited by 2
“Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000, 20(6):1551-1556.”
BackgroundInfluentialCafestol: a multi-faced compound kinetics and metabolic effects of cafestol in mice
van Cruchten, S. T. J. (2010) · doi:10.18174/135163 · Cited by 2
Cancer units are implementing changes from generic to specialist practice: Table 1
Haward, R. A., & Amir, Z. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7081.677a · Cited by 2
Estudio de los beneficios y riesgos para la salud del consumo de café en adultosPreprint
Palencia-Sánchez, F. (2020) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/w3jk4 · Cited by 2
Ringelstein, E. B. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-343722921-3.50091-1 · Cited by 1
Echeverry, D., Montes, F. R., Delgadillo, A., Beltrán, M., & Buitrago, L. (2008) · Biomédica · doi:10.7705/biomedica.v28i2.101 · Cited by 1
“Con base en los estudios previos, se ha considerado que el consumo de cafe es nocivo para la salud ( 3-8 ), motivo por el cual gran parte de la comunidad medica recomienda suspender el cafe en la dieta de pacientes con enfermedad ateroesclerotica.”
BackgroundCoffee Consumption and Mortality Risk
Sugiyama, K., Kuriyama, S., & Tsuji, I. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781119949893.ch11 · Cited by 1
Caffeine under examination--a passing grade.
Myers, M. G. (1992) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1
Effects of caffeine on arterial function and haemodynamics
Cameron, J. D., & Grassi, G. M. (2003) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200303000-00010 · Cited by 1
Corporal punishment must not be reintroduced into schools
Wynne, J. M. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7081.677 · Cited by 1
Health effects of unfiltered coffee
Rob Urgert, B., & Katan, M. (1997) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 1
Naturally Occurring Toxicants and Food Constituents of Toxicological Interest
Gosting, D. C., Doyle, M. E., Steinhart, C. E., & Cochrane, B. A. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-9210-6.50010-4 · Cited by 1
The Multifactorial Model of Cardiovascular Pathology
Smith, B. D., Gholkar, R., Mann, M., & Toward, N. (2006) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420006568.ch5 · Cited by 1
We need strong public health leadership
Griffiths, S. M., & McPherson, K. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7081.685a
Complexities of National Recommendations for the Dietary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Mann, J. I. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38742.x
Durak, İ. (2014) · Journal of Food & Nutritional Disorders · doi:10.4172/2324-9323.1000137
“Purported mechanisms include effects on insulin sensitivity and/or insulin secretion from a variety of minerals, antioxidants, and phytochemical compounds found in coffee [16,17].”
BackgroundAgudelo, G. M., Duque, R. M., & Velásquez, C. (2008)
Coffee, Tea, and Hypertension in Elderly People
Eggertsen, R., & Andreasson, Å. (2000) · Modern nutrition · doi:10.1201/9781420038941.ch6
12. Epidemiology and risk factors of coronary artery disease
Bowker, T. J., Barbir, M., & Ilsley, C. D. J. (1996)
The Systems Biology of Transporters – Targeting the Regulatory System for Transporters (FXR/RXR)
Gioiello, A., Marinozzi, M., Cerra, B., Custodi, C., Pellicciari, R., & Macchiarulo, A. (2017) · Methods and principles in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1002/9783527679430.ch9
Shirai, Y., Imai, T., Sezaki, A., MIYAMOTO, K., Kawase, F., Abe, C., Sanada, M., Inden, A., Kato, T., Sugihara, N., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-993390/v1
(2001) · Medical History · doi:10.1017/s002572730007397x
Tripathi, A., Sharma, T., & Aronow, W. S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93459-9_31
Coffee and Acute Coronary Syndrome
Daniel, B. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93459-9_2
Yao, H., Li, L., Wang, X., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26384552
Epidemiology and risk factors of coronary artery disease
Bowker, T. J., Barbir, M., & Ilsley, C. D. J. (1996) · Developments in cardiovascular medicine · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5406-2_12
Metadata
- Authors
- Tverdal, A., Stensvold, I., Solvoll, K., Foss, O. P., Lund-Larsen, P., & Bjartveit, K.
- ORCID
- Tverdal, A
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1990-03-03
- Volume
- 300
- Issue
- 6724
- Pages
- 566-569
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W2028764330
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 12.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- coffee consumption, coronary heart disease mortality, serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, cardiovascular risk factors, middle-aged adults, sex differences, relative risk, cardiovascular screening
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Coffee, Coronary Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking, Proportional Hazards Models
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
