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Comparison of tests for glycated haemoglobin and fasting and two hour plasma glucose concentrations as diagnostic methods for diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Objective : To compare the ability of tests measuring two hour plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated haemoglobin concentrations in predicting the specific microvascular complications of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Design : Cross sectional and longitudinal analysis of the relation between complications and concomitant results of the three tests. Setting : Gila River Indian Community, Arizona. Subjects : Pima Indians (cross sectional, n=960),aged 25 years or above who were not receiving insulin or oral hypoglycaemic treatment at the baseline examination. Main outcome measures : Development of retinopathy and nephropathy. Results : Cross sectionally, frequency distributions of logarithms of the three sets of results were bimodal, with the prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy being, respectively, 12.0-26.7 and 3.9-4.2 times as high above as below cut off points which minimised overlap (two hour plasma glucose concentration 12.6 mmol/l; fasting plasma glucose concentration 9.3mmol/l; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration 7.8%). Longitudinally, each of the three measures of glycaemia significantly predicted the development of retinopathy (P<0.0001) and nephropathy (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that two hour plasma glucose concentration was superior to fasting plasma glucose concentration (P<0.05) for prevalent cases of retinopathy, but otherwise no variable had a significant advantage for detecting incident or prevalent cases of either complication. Conclusions : These findings suggest that determination of glycated haemoglobin or fasting plasma glucose concentrations alone may be acceptable alternatives to measuring glucose concentration two hours after challenge with 75 g glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes.
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Metadata
- Authors
- McCane, D. R., Hanson, R. L., Charles, M. A., Jacobsson, L. T. H., Pettitt, D. D., Bennett, P. H., & Knowler, W. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US)
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1994-05-21
- Volume
- 308
- Issue
- 6940
- Pages
- 1323-1328
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC2540244
- OpenAlex
- W2054652204
- Cited by
- 484
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 5.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Keywords
- HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, diabetes diagnosis, type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, microvascular complications, Pima Indians, diagnostic test comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Nephropathies, Diabetic Retinopathy, Fasting, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Indians, North American, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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