Cited by 484Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsChronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparison of tests for glycated haemoglobin and fasting and two hour plasma glucose concentrations as diagnostic methods for diabetes

Open access

McCane, D R, Hanson, R L, Charles, M A, Jacobsson, L T H, Pettitt, D Dj, Bennett, P H, Knowler, W C·1994·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.308.6940.1323PMC PMC2540244

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective : To compare the ability of tests measuring two hour plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated haemoglobin concentrations in predicting the specific microvascular complications of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Design : Cross sectional and longitudinal analysis of the relation between complications and concomitant results of the three tests. Setting : Gila River Indian Community, Arizona. Subjects : Pima Indians (cross sectional, n=960),aged 25 years or above who were not receiving insulin or oral hypoglycaemic treatment at the baseline examination. Main outcome measures : Development of retinopathy and nephropathy. Results : Cross sectionally, frequency distributions of logarithms of the three sets of results were bimodal, with the prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy being, respectively, 12.0-26.7 and 3.9-4.2 times as high above as below cut off points which minimised overlap (two hour plasma glucose concentration 12.6 mmol/l; fasting plasma glucose concentration 9.3mmol/l; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration 7.8%). Longitudinally, each of the three measures of glycaemia significantly predicted the development of retinopathy (P<0.0001) and nephropathy (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that two hour plasma glucose concentration was superior to fasting plasma glucose concentration (P<0.05) for prevalent cases of retinopathy, but otherwise no variable had a significant advantage for detecting incident or prevalent cases of either complication. Conclusions : These findings suggest that determination of glycated haemoglobin or fasting plasma glucose concentrations alone may be acceptable alternatives to measuring glucose concentration two hours after challenge with 75 g glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.308.6940.1323

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Hanley, J. A., & McNeil, B. J. (1982) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063747 · Cited by 21,856
Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: a fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine
ZWEIG, M. H., & Campbell, G. (1993) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/39.4.561 · Cited by 6,595
Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance.
National Diabetes Data Group (1979) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.28.12.1039 · Cited by 4,909
A RAPID PHOTOELECTRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSE IN BLOOD AND URINE
Hoffman, W. S. (1937) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)74360-3 · Cited by 1,283
WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus: second report.
(1980) · PubMed · Cited by 589
Diabetes mellitus in the Pima Indians: Incidence, risk factors and pathogenesis
Knowler, W. C., Pettitt, D. J., Saad, M. F., & Bennett, P. H. (1990) · Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmr.5610060101 · Cited by 578
Self-citation
A New Approach for Testing the Significance of Differences Between ROC Curves Measured from Correlated Data
Metz, C. E., Wang, P.-L., & Kronman, H. B. (1984) · Information Processing in Medical Imaging · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6045-9_25 · Cited by 359
The Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus
Neel, J. V. (1970) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-027361-4.50007-7 · Cited by 277
USE OF RELATIVE OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
Erdreich, L. S., & Lee, E. T. (1981) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113236 · Cited by 275
THE EARLY RECOGNITION OF DIABETES MELLITUS*
Fajans, S. S., & Conn, J. W. (1959) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb44901.x · Cited by 243

Show all 45 references

Research works printed but not linked: 5

John, 1922, Glucose tolerance and its value in diagnosis, Journal of Metabolic Research, 1, 497
1980, Second report, World Health Org Tech Rep Ser, 646, 9
1985, Diabetes mellitus, World Health Org Tech Rep Ser, 727, 9
10.2337/diab.18.5.299 · DOI
10.2337/diacare.12.8.588 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s5 · Cited by 10,325
National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2·7 million participants
Danaei, G., Finucane, M. M., Lu, Y., Singh, G. M., Cowan, M. J., Paciorek, C. J., Lin, J. K., Farzadfar, F., Khang, Y.-H., Stevens, G. A., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60679-x · Cited by 3,568
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s5 · Cited by 2,689
Glycemic Control With Diet, Sulfonylurea, Metformin, or Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus<SUBTITLE>Progressive Requirement for Multiple Therapies (UKPDS 49)</SUBTITLE>
Turner, R. C. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.21.2005 · Cited by 2,375
Report of the Committee on the Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus
Seino, Y., Nanjo, K., Tajima, N., Kadowaki, T., Kashiwagi, A., Araki, E., Ito, C., Inagaki, N., Iwamoto, Y., Kasuga, M., et al. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00074.x · Cited by 1,799
Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus
Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Kirkman, M. S., Lernmark, A., Metzger, B. E., & Nathan, D. M. (2011) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.161596 · Cited by 1,360
Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
DeFronzo, R. A. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-4-199908170-00008 · Cited by 1,173
Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Sacks, D. B., Bruns, D. E., Goldstein, D. E., Maclaren, N. K., McDonald, J. M., & Parrott, M. A. (2002) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/48.3.436 · Cited by 1,132
Glycated haemoglobin, diabetes, and mortality in men in Norfolk cohort of European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk)
Khaw, K. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7277.15 · Cited by 1,014
Association of Hemoglobin A 1c with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Adults: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk
Khaw, K.-T., Wareham, N., Bingham, S., Luben, R., Welch, A., & Day, N. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-6-200409210-00006 · Cited by 974
Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes, Prediabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Punthakee, Z., Goldenberg, R., & Katz, P. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.003 · Cited by 1,011
Exenatide versus Insulin Glargine in Patients with Suboptimally Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial
Heine, R. J., Van Gaal, L. F., Johns, D., Mihm, M. J., Widel, M. H., Brodows, R. G., & for the GWAA Study Group* (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-143-8-200510180-00006 · Cited by 795
Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus
Kuzuya, T., Nakagawa, S., Satoh, J., Kanazawa, Y., Iwamoto, Y., Kobayashi, M., Nanjo, K., Sasaki, A., Seino, Y., Ito, C., et al. (2002) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00365-5 · Cited by 778
Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus
Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Kirkman, M. S., Lernmark, A., Metzger, B. E., & Nathan, D. M. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-9998 · Cited by 718
Severe Periodontitis and Risk for Poor Glycemic Control in Patients with Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Taylor, G. W., Burt, B. A., Becker, M. P., Genco, R. J., Shlossman, M., Knowler, W. C., & Pettitt, D. J. (1996) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1996.67.10s.1085 · Cited by 641
Self-citation
Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes and severe periodontal disease in the US adult population
Tsai, C., Hayes, C., & Taylor, G. W. (2002) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300304.x · Cited by 618
Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus: The Committee of the Japan Diabetes Society on the diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus
Seino, Y., Nanjo, K., Tajima, N., Kadowaki, T., Kashiwagi, A., Araki, E., Ito, C., Inagaki, N., Iwamoto, Y., Kasuga, M., et al. (2010) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-010-0006-7 · Cited by 614
Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes, Prediabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Goldenberg, R., & Punthakee, Z. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.011 · Cited by 635
The 1997 American Diabetes Association and 1999 World Health Organization criteria for hyperglycemia in the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes
Gabir, M. M., Hanson, R. L., Dabelea, D., Imperatore, G., Roumain, J., Bennett, P. H., & Knowler, W. C. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.8.1108 · Cited by 568
Self-citation
HbA 1c as a screening tool for detection of Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Bennett, C. M., Guo, M., & Dharmage, S. C. (2007) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02106.x · Cited by 534
A new look at screening and diagnosing diabetes mellitus
Saudek, C. D., Herman, W. H., Sacks, D. B., Bergenstal, R. M., Edelman, D., & Davidson, M. B. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2174 · Cited by 432
How to read a paper: Papers that report diagnostic or screening tests
Greenhalgh, T. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7107.540 · Cited by 396
Glucose Sensing in Supramolecular Chemistry
Sun, X., & James, T. D. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500562m · Cited by 394
1998 clinical practice guidelines for the management of diabetes in Canada
Meltzer, S. J., Leiter, L. A., Daneman, D., Gerstein, H. C., Lau, D. C. W., Ludwig, S. M., Yale, J., Zinman, B., Lillie, D., & Steering, C. (1998) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · Cited by 378
The Pros and Cons of Diagnosing Diabetes With A1C
Bonora, E., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-s216 · Cited by 390
The prevalence of retinopathy in impaired glucose tolerance and recent‐onset diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2007) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02043.x · Cited by 363
Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in relation to glucose tolerance: lessons from the Botnia Study.
Tripathy, D., Carlsson, M., Almgren, P., Isomaa, B., Taskinen, M., Tuomi, T., & Groop, L. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.6.975 · Cited by 358
Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Lernmark, Å., Metzger, B. E., Nathan, D. M., & Kirkman, M. S. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci23-0036 · Cited by 351
“In 1997, the diagnostic criteria were modified (1) to better identify individuals at risk of retinopathy and nephropathy (17,18).”
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Midadult Life: The Role of Childhood Adversity
Thomas, C., Hyppönen, E., & Power, C. (2008) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2403 · Cited by 330
Glycemic Thresholds for Diabetes-Specific Retinopathy
Colagiuri, S., Lee, C. M. Y., Wong, T. Y., Balkau, B., Shaw, J. E., Borch-Johnsen, K., & the DETECT-2 Collaboration Writing Group (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1206 · Cited by 300
A Clinical Approach for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Peters, A. L. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540150048030 · Cited by 376
I Diretriz Brasileira de Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Síndrome Metabólica
de Carvalho, M. H. C., Mancini, M. C., de Melo, M. E., Bahia, L., Negrão, C. E., de Matos, L. D. N. J., Sanjuliani, A. F., Kohlmann, O., Oliveira, J. E. P. D., Lerário, A. C., et al. (2005) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2005000700001 · Cited by 305
Diagnosis, screening and management of cystic fibrosis related diabetes mellitus
Moran, A., Hardin, D. S., Rodman, D. M., Allen, H. F., Beall, R. J., Borowitz, D., Brunzell, C., Campbell, P., Chesrown, S. E., Duchow, C., et al. (1999) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(99)00058-3 · Cited by 290
Diabetes and oral health
Ship, J. A. (2003) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0367 · Cited by 275
Glycemic Control and Alveolar Bone Loss Progression in Type 2 Diabetes
Taylor, G. W., Burt, B. A., Becker, M. P., Genco, R. J., & Shlossman, M. (1998) · Annals of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/annals.1998.3.1.30 · Cited by 274
Therapy focused on lowering postprandial glucose, not fasting glucose, may be superior for lowering HbA1c. IOEZ Study Group.
Bastyr, E. J., Stuart, C., Brodows, R. G., Schwartz, S. L., Graf, C. J., Zagar, A. J., & Robertson, K. E. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.9.1236 · Cited by 274
Fructosamine and glycated albumin for risk stratification and prediction of incident diabetes and microvascular complications: a prospective cohort analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Selvin, E., Rawlings, A. M., Grams, M., Klein, R., Sharrett, A. R., Steffes, M., & Coresh, J. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70199-2 · Cited by 262
Relation between fasting glucose and retinopathy for diagnosis of diabetes: three population-based cross-sectional studies
Wong, T. Y., Liew, G., Tapp, R. J., Schmidt, M. I., Wang, J. J., Mitchell, P. L. R., Klein, R., Klein, B. E. K., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. E. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60343-8 · Cited by 244
Painful sensory polyneuropathy associated with impaired glucose tolerance
Singleton, J. R., Smith, A. G., & Bromberg, M. B. (2001) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.1136 · Cited by 241
Screening for Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes With Proposed A1C-Based Diagnostic Criteria
Olson, D. E., Rhee, M. K., Herrick, K., Ziemer, D. C., Twombly, J. G., & Phillips, L. S. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0433 · Cited by 234
“Moreover, abnormal results on a single OGTT was highly predictive of subsequent diabetes in Pima Indians (24), and differences found on repeat studies should be included in the variability of the ROC curve analyses.”
Shift work and the risk of diabetes mellitus among Japanese male factory workers.
Morikawa, Y., Nakagawa, H., Miura, K., Soyama, Y., Ishizaki, M., Kido, T., Naruse, Y., Suwazono, Y., & Nogawa, K. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.867 · Cited by 232
Microvascular Complications at Time of Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Are Similar Among Diabetic Patients Detected by Targeted Screening and Patients Newly Diagnosed in General Practice
Spijkerman, A. M. W., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Adriaanse, M. C., Kostense, P. J., Ruwaard, D., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.9.2604 · Cited by 230
Is fasting glucose sufficient to define diabetes? Epidemiological data from 20 European studies
The DECODE-study group on behalf of the (1999) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051211 · Cited by 227
Tests of Glycemia for the Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Barr, R. G., Nathan, D. M., Meigs, J., & Singer, D. E. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-4-200208200-00011 · Cited by 219
Musculoskeletal disorders in diabetes mellitus: an update
Arkkila, P. E. T., & Gautier, J. (2003) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2003.11.001 · Cited by 203
Review of methods for detecting glycemic disorders
Bergman, M., Abdul‐Ghani, M. A., DeFronzo, R. A., Manco, M., Sesti, G., Fiorentino, T. V., Ceriello, A., Rhee, M. K., Phillips, L. S., Chung, S. T., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108233 · Cited by 210
Untitled work
Knowler (2011) · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.367 · Cited by 194
Self-citation
Utility of HbA1c Levels for Diabetes Case Finding in Hospitalized Patients With Hyperglycemia
Greci, L. S., Kailasam, M. T., Malkani, S., Katz, D. L., Hulinsky, I., Ahmadi, R., & Nawaz, H. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1064 · Cited by 191
Relationship Between Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin
Davidson, M. B., Schriger, D. L., Peters, A. L., & Lorber, B. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.13.1203 · Cited by 189
Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-11-200806030-00007 · Cited by 185
Effect of sustained virological response to treatment on the incidence of abnormal glucose values in chronic hepatitis C
Romero‐Gómez, M., Fernández‐Rodríguez, C., Andrade, R. J., Moisés Diago, M., Alonso, S., Planas, R., Sola, R. L., Pons, J. A., Salmerón, J., Bárcena, R., et al. (2008) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2007.11.022 · Cited by 182
Relationship between glycated haemoglobin and microvascular complications: Is there a natural cut-off point for the diagnosis of diabetes?
Sabanayagam, C., Liew, G., Tai, E. S., Shankar, A., Lim, S. C., Subramaniam, T., & Wong, T. Y. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1360-5 · Cited by 179
International Diabetes Federation Position Statement on the 1-hour post-load plasma glucose for the diagnosis of intermediate hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes
Bergman, M., Manco, M., Satman, İ., Chan, J. C. N., Schmidt, M. I., Sesti, G., Fiorentino, T. V., Abdul-Ghani, M. A., Jagannathan, R., Pramodkumar, T. A., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111589 · Cited by 198
Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in a Mexican-American Population
West, S. K., Klein, R., Rodriguez, J., Muñoz, B., Broman, A. T., Sanchez, R., & Snyder, R. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.7.1204 · Cited by 160
Use of HbA1c in Predicting Progression to Diabetes in French Men and Women
Droumaguet, C., Balkau, B., Simon, D., Caces, E., Tichet, J., Charles, M. A., Eschwege, E., & the DESIR Study Group (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc05-2525 · Cited by 159
Self-citation
Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose — a review of diagnosis, clinical implications and management
Petersen, J. L., & McGuire, D. K. (2005) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.3132/dvdr.2005.007 · Cited by 159
2017 Taiwan lipid guidelines for high risk patients
Li, Y., Ueng, K., Jeng, J., Charng, M., Lin, T., Chien, K., Wang, C., Chao, T., Liu, P., Su, C., et al. (2017) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2016.11.013 · Cited by 166
Association of A1C and Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels With Diabetic Retinopathy Prevalence in the U.S. Population
Cheng, Y. J., Gregg, E. W., Geiss, L. S., Imperatore, G., Williams, D. E., Zhang, X., Albright, A. L., Cowie, C. C., Klein, R., & Saaddine, J. B. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0440 · Cited by 157
Diabetes Melito: Diagnóstico, Classificação e Avaliação do Controle Glicêmico
Gross, J. L., Silveiro, S. P., Camargo, J. L., Reichelt, A. J., & de Azevedo, M. J. (2002) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302002000100004 · Cited by 150
The 1997 American Diabetes Association Criteria Versus the 1985 World Health Organization Criteria for the Diagnosis of Abnormal Glucose Tolerance: Poor agreement in the Hoorn Study
de Vegt, F., Dekker, J. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.10.1686 · Cited by 153
HbA1c Measurement Improves the Detection of Type 2 Diabetes in High-Risk Individuals With Nondiagnostic Levels of Fasting Plasma Glucose
Perry, R. C., Shankar, R. R., Fineberg, N., McGill, J., & Baron, A. D. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.3.465 · Cited by 150
A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of pioglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Chilcott, J. B., Tappenden, P., Jones, M. L., & Wight, J. (2001) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(00)80078-8 · Cited by 151
POSTTRANSPLANTATION DIABETES MELLITUS IN FK-506-TREATED RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: ANALYSIS OF INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS
Maes, B., Kuypers, D. R. J., Messiaen, T., Evenepoel, P., Mathieu, C., Coosemans, W., Pirenne, J., & Vanrenterghem, Y. F. C. (2001) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-200111270-00014 · Cited by 152
Should we screen for type 2 diabetes? Evaluation against National Screening Committee criteria
Wareham, N. J., & Griffin, S. J. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7292.986 · Cited by 152
Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M. A., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Lernmark, Å., Metzger, B. E., Nathan, D. M., & Kirkman, M. S. (2023) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvad080 · Cited by 164
A longitudinal analysis of salivary flow in control subjects and older adults with type 2 diabetes
Chávez, E. M., Borrell, L. N., Taylor, G. W., & Ship, J. A. (2001) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology · doi:10.1067/moe.2001.112054 · Cited by 148
Vitamin C and hyperglycemia in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer--Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study: a population-based study.
Sargeant, L. A., Wareham, N. J., Bingham, S. A., Day, N., Luben, R., Oakes, S., Welch, A. A., & Khaw, K. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.6.726 · Cited by 144
HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and as an outcome in the diabetes prevention program: a randomized clinical trial
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0886 · Cited by 139
Glycated Hemoglobin and the Risk of Kidney Disease and Retinopathy in Adults With and Without Diabetes
Selvin, E., Yang, N., Steffes, M. W., Bash, L. D., Klein, R., Wong, T. Y., Astor, B. C., Sharrett, A. R., Brancati, F. L., & Coresh, J. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-1198 · Cited by 137
Long-Term Longitudinal Study on the Relationship Between Alternating Shift Work and the Onset of Diabetes Mellitus in Male Japanese Workers
Suwazono, Y., Sakata, K., Okubo, Y., Harada, H., Oishi, M., Kobayashi, E., Uetani, M., Kido, T., & Nogawa, K. (2006) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000214355.69182.fa · Cited by 129
A simple risk score identifies individuals at high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Rahman, M., Simmons, R. K., Harding, A.-H., Wareham, N. J., & Griffin, S. J. (2008) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmn024 · Cited by 126
The prevalence of diabetes, association with cardiovascular risk factors and implications of diagnostic criteria (ADA 1997 and WHO 1998) in a 1996 community‐based population study in Hong Kong Chinese
Janus, E. D., Wat, N. M. S., Lam, K. S. L., Cockram, C. S., Siu, S. T. S., Liu, L. J., & Lam, T. (2000) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00376.x · Cited by 126
Salivary function and glycemic control in older persons with diabetes
Chávez, E. M., Taylor, G. W., Borrell, L. N., & Ship, J. A. (2000) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology · doi:10.1016/s1079-2104(00)70093-x · Cited by 125
Implications of Using Hemoglobin A1C for Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus
Malkani, S., & Mordes, J. P. (2011) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.11.025 · Cited by 133
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in the Multiethnic Population of Mauritius
Dowse, G. K., Humphrey, A., Collins, V. R., Plehwe, W. E., Gareeboo, H., Fareed, D., Hemraj, F., Taylor, H. R., Tuomilehto, J. O., Alberti, K. G. M. M., et al. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009470 · Cited by 121
Post‐challenge hyperglycaemia relates more strongly than fasting hyperglycaemia with carotid intima‐media thickness: the RIAD Study
Hanefeld, M., Koehler, C., Henkel, E., Fuecker, K., Schäper, F., & Temelkova-Kurktschiev, T. S. (2000) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00408.x · Cited by 118
Screening, prevention, counseling, and treatment for the complications of type II diabetes mellitus
Vijan, S. S., Stevens, D. L., Herman, W. H., Funnell, M. M., & Standiford, C. J. (1997) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1997.07111.x · Cited by 114
Glyburide Is Anti-inflammatory and Associated with Reduced Mortality in Melioidosis
Koh, G. C. K. W., Maude, R. R., Schreiber, M. F., Limmathurotsakul, D., Wiersinga, W. J., Wuthiekanun, V., Lee, S. J., Mahavanakul, W., Chaowagul, W., Chierakul, W., et al. (2011) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciq192 · Cited by 117
Boronic acids for fluorescence imaging of carbohydrates
Sun, X., Zhai, W., Fossey, J., & James, T. D. (2015) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c5cc08633g · Cited by 112
Diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in Scotland
Looker, H. C., Nyangoma, S., Cromie, D., Olson, J. A., Leese, G., Black, M. W., Doig, J., LEE, N., Lindsay, R. S., McKnight, J. A., et al. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2596-z · Cited by 112
Glycated hemoglobin as a marker of cardiovascular risk
Khaw, K., & Wareham, N. J. (2006) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e3280106b95 · Cited by 111
Combined use of fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c in the screening of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance
Hu, Y., Liu, W., Chen, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, L., Zhou, H., Wu, P., Teng, X., Dong, Y., Zhou, J., et al. (2009) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-009-0143-2 · Cited by 109
Regression From Prediabetes to Normal Glucose Regulation and Prevalence of Microvascular Disease in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS)
Perreault, L., Pan, Q., Schroeder, E. B., Kalyani, R. R., Bray, G. A., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., White, N. H., Goldberg, R. B., Kahn, S. E., Knowler, W. C., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-0244 · Cited by 110
Self-citation
Reproducibility of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) classification: a systematic review
Balion, C. M., Raina, P. S., Gerstein, H. C., Santaguida, P. L., Morrison, K. M., Booker, L., & Hunt, D. L. (2007) · Clinical Chemical Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1515/cclm.2007.505 · Cited by 107
Current controversies in the use of haemoglobin A1c
Hare, M. J. L., Shaw, J. E., & Zimmet, P. (2011) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02513.x · Cited by 114
Petition to replace current OGTT criteria for diagnosing prediabetes with the 1-hour post-load plasma glucose ≥ 155 mg/dl (8.6 mmol/L)
Bergman, M., Manco, M., Sesti, G., Dankner, R. S., Pareek, M., Jagannathan, R., Chetrit, A., Abdul-Ghani, M. A., Buysschaert, M., Olsen, M. H., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.09.017 · Cited by 108
Shiftwork and impaired glucose metabolism: a 14-year cohort study on 7104 male workers
Suwazono, Y., Dochi, M., Oishi, M., Tanaka, K., Kobayashi, E., & Sakata, K. (2009) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520903044422 · Cited by 104
Correlation among fasting plasma glucose, two-hour plasma glucose levels in OGTT and HbA1c
Ito, C., Maeda, R., Ishida, S., Sasaki, H., & Harada, H. (2000) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00187-x · Cited by 103
Screening for dysglycaemia in patients with coronary artery disease as reflected by fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and HbA1c: a report from EUROASPIRE IV—a survey from the European Society of Cardiology
Gyberg, V., Bacquer, D. D., Kotseva, K., Backer, G. D., Schnell, O., Sundvall, J., Tuomilehto, J., Wood, D., & Rydén, L. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv008 · Cited by 103
Risk factors for type ii diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a mexican-american population: proyecto ver
West, S. K., Muñoz, B. E., Klein, R., Broman, A. T., Sánchez, R., Rodriguez, J., & Snyder, R. W. (2002) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01595-7 · Cited by 101
The Performance of a Risk Score in Predicting Undiagnosed Hyperglycemia
Park, P. J., Griffin, S. J., Sargeant, L. A., & Wareham, N. J. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.6.984 · Cited by 101
Tests for Screening and Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
Cox, M. E., & Edelman, D. E. (2009) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.27.4.132 · Cited by 107
Are there clinical implications of racial differences in HbA1c? A difference, to be a difference, must make a difference
Selvin, E. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0042 · Cited by 96
New classification and criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Colman, P. G., Thomas, D. W., Zimmet, P., Welborn, T. A., Garcia‐Webb, P., & Moore, M. P. (1999) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb139171.x · Cited by 95
Association of hemoglobin A1c with cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults: The European prospective investigation into cancer in Norfolk
Khaw, K., Wareham, N. J., Bingham, S. A., & Luben, R. (2004) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/j.accreview.2004.11.074 · Cited by 94
Diagnosis of Diabetes using Hemoglobin A1c: Should Recommendations in Adults Be Extrapolated to Adolescents?
Lee, J. M., Wu, E.-L., Tarini, B. A., Herman, W. H., & Yoon, E. Y. (2010) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.11.026 · Cited by 95
Diagnosing diabetes mellitus - do we need new criteria?
McCance, D. R., Hanson, R. L., Pettitt, D. J., Bennett, P. H., Hadden, D. R., & Knowler, W. C. (1997) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050671 · Cited by 92
Self-citation
Pinitol from Soybeans Reduces Postprandial Blood Glucose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Kang, M., Kim, J.-I., Yoon, S.-Y., Kim, J. C., & Cha, I. (2006) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2006.9.182 · Cited by 88
Transplant-Associated Hyperglycemia
Crutchlow, M. F., & Bloom, R. D. (2007) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.03671106 · Cited by 89
Normal but increasing hemoglobin A1c levels predict progression from islet autoimmunity to overt type 1 diabetes: Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY)
Stene, L. C., Barriga, K. J., Hoffman, M., Kean, J., KLINGENSMITH, G. J., Norris, J. M., Erlich, H. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., & Rewers, M. (2006) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2006.00198.x · Cited by 82

Authors: McCane, D. R., Hanson, R. L., Charles, M. A., Jacobsson, L. T. H., Pettitt, D. D., Bennett, P. H., & Knowler, W. C.
Affiliations: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US)
ORCID: Hanson, R L
Charles, M A
Jacobsson, L T H
Bennett, P H
Knowler, W C
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 1994-05-21
Volume: 308
Issue: 6940
Pages: 1323-1328
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.308.6940.1323
PMC: PMC2540244
OpenAlex: W2054652204
Cited by: 484
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 5.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Keywords: HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, diabetes diagnosis, type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, microvascular complications, Pima Indians, diagnostic test comparison
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Nephropathies, Diabetic Retinopathy, Fasting, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Indians, North American, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Prevalence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Comparison of tests for glycated haemoglobin and fasting and two hour plasma glucose concentrations as diagnostic methods for diabetes

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks