Mental health of refugee children: comparative study
Open accessAbstract
In 2002, over 110 000 people entered Britain to seek asylum-a 250% increase in five years. 1 Children, who comprise at least a quarter of asylum seekers, are exposed to numerous risk factors for psychological disturbance, including exposure to violence, forced displacement, and multiple losses.2 The rates of mental health problems in refugee children are uncertain, but the few studies that have been done suggest that refugee children incur significant morbidity.2 We examined the rates of psychological disturbance in a sample of UK children who were refugees and compared them with a group of children who were from an ethnic minority but were not refugees and a group of indigenous white children.
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Unaccompanied minors often present with an amalgamation of symptoms without meeting a specific diagnosis.
“Oftentimes, UM present with an amalgamation of symptoms without meeting a specific diagnosis [10].”
From Examining cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for unaccompanied minors: a systematic review and qualitative research synthesis. (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
The Participants, methods, and results section (page not specified) reports emotional, peer, and hyperactivity symptoms among refugee children, supporting the claim that they can have varied symptoms. But the study does not identify unaccompanied minors as a group, and the Comment section says diagnostic interviews were not conducted; it therefore cannot establish that these children did not meet a specific diagnosis. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Ziaian, T., de Anstiss, H., Antoniou, G., Puvimanasinghe, T. S., & Baghurst, P. (2015) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2016.61002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Alternatively, our results may reflect the resilience and high levels of functioning found in refugee children despite the considerable challenges they face [18] notwithstanding that other studies have found increased levels of psychological problems among refugee children compared with non-refugee children from ethni…”
ResultFındık, O. T. P., Çeri, V., Ünver, H., Fiş, N. P., Arman, A. R., Beşer, C., Fadıloğlu, E., & Anagnostopoulos, D. C. (2021) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.105970 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Childress, S., Shrestha, N., Covington, E., Stark, L., Seff, I., Black, B. M., & McKay, M. M. (2024) · Global Social Welfare · doi:10.1007/s40609-023-00330-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Refugees and by extension, their children are at an elevated risk of developing mental health problems because of multiple adversities and demonstrate a higher prevalence of psychological disorders such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (Fazel & Stein, 2003).”
Ünver, H., Çeri, V., & Fiş, N. P. (2021) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.12340 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hashemi, M. S., Yarian, E., Bahadoran, P., Jandaghi, J., & Mirmohammadkhani, M. (2015) · Iranian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.5812/ijp.175 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Policy note on population growth and its implications in Timor-Leste
Bulatao, R. A. B. (2008) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bean, T. (2006) · Leiden Repository (Leiden University) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The burden of trauma in the life of a refugee
Salim, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1298544 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Applying Refugeecrit to Recent Middle Grade/Young Adult Children's Literature about Refugees
Hope, J. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003131458-20 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pesch, R. N., & Ipek, E. (2023) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/emre.12593 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Walick, C. M., & Sullivan, A. L. (2015) · Journal of Applied School Psychology · doi:10.1080/15377903.2015.1056921 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Prevalence of Psychopathology Unsurprisingly, Somali refugees, many of whom are children and youth, have a higher rate of mental disorders than the general U.S. population (Fazel & Stein, 2003).”
BackgroundErlewein, K., Gossmann, E., & Fegert, J. M. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-024-00732-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…of typically developing children/normative values [24, 25], children who are from an ethnic minority but not refugees or indigenous white children [26] or children who have not experienced war and flight [27], partially reveal more emotional, behavioral and social problems as well as somatic…”
BackgroundLeón-Giraldo, S., Casas, G., Cuervo-Sánchez, J. S., García, T., González-Uribe, C., Moreno‐Serra, R., & Bernal, O. A. (2023) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Effects of Separation from Parents on Children
Crittenden, P. M., & Spieker, S. J. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1002940 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Caring for the health and medical and emotional needs of children of migrants and asylum seekers
Gracey, M. S. (2004) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02622.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In Britain, the numbers of asylum seekers more than doubled in the five years to 2002 (4) and, because at least one-quarter of asylum seekers are children, there must be implications for the provision of skilled personnel, for other appropriate services (such as translators), and for infrastructure support for the phy…”
BackgroundPsychological morbidity among forcibly displaced children—a literature review
Cayabyab, C. R., O’Reilly, P., Murphy, A.-M., & O’Gorman, C. S. (2020) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-020-02186-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Fazel and Stein commented that refugee children experience more psychological disturbances compared to ethnic minorities and indigenous Caucasian children [6].”
Background
- Authors
- Fazel, M., & Stein, A.
- Affiliations
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fazel, Mina
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2003-07-17
- Volume
- 327
- Issue
- 7407
- Pages
- 134
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC165700
- OpenAlex
- W1969976607
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Exile Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and experiences of immigrants and refugees
- Keywords
- refugee children, child mental health, mental illness, asylum seekers, ethnic minority children, forced displacement, violence exposure, multiple losses
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Surveys and Questionnaires, Refugees, Social Adjustment
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