Using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample
Open accessAbstract
Background: Child psychiatric disorders are common and treatable, but often go undetected and therefore remain untreated. Aims: To assess the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as a potential means for improving the detection of child psychiatric disorders in the community. Method: SDQ predictions and independent psychiatric diagnoses were compared in a community sample of 7984 5- to 15-year-olds from the 1999 British Child Mental Health Survey. Results: Multi-informant (parents, teachers, older children) SDQs identified individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis with a specificity of 94.6% (95% CI 94.1–95.1%) and a sensitivity of 63.3% (59.7–66.9%). The questionnaires identified over 70% of individuals with conduct, hyperactivity, depressive and some anxiety disorders, but under 50% of individuals with specific phobias, separation anxiety and eating disorders. Sensitivity was substantially poorer with single-informant rather than multi-informant SDQs. Conclusions: Community screening programmes based on multi-informant SDQs could potentially increase the detection of child psychiatric disorders, thereby improving access to effective treatments.
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The conduct problems subscale of the SDQ was the study's outcome variable, as it has been extensively used to measure aggressive behaviour and interpersonal aggression across a wide range of cultures in community, academic and clinical settings.
“The conduct problems subscale of the SDQ was the study's outcome variable, as it has been extensively used to measure aggressive behaviour and interpersonal aggression across a wide range of cultures in community [58], academic [59] and clinical [60] settings.”
From Violent video game engagement is not associated with adolescents' aggressive behaviour: evidence from a registered report (2019) · cites this paper as [58]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widely used method to capture adolescents' self-reported mental health.
“Our study refers to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to evaluate adolescent mental health, which is a widely used method to capture adolescents’ self-reported mental health (e.g., Goodman et al., 2000; Rotheray et al., 2014; Kersten et al., 2017; Hu and Qian, 2021; Ravens-Sieberer et al., 2022).”
From COVID-19 pandemic and adolescent mental health in China: Micro evidence and socioeconomic mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as Goodman et al., 2000
Past research indicates that levels of daily video game play, violent game play and aggressive behaviour should all be higher in male adolescents.
“Similarly, past research indicates that levels of daily video game play [2], violent game play [66] and aggressive behaviour should all be higher in male adolescents [58].”
From Violent video game engagement is not associated with adolescents' aggressive behaviour: evidence from a registered report (2019) · cites this paper as [58]
The citation [58] is attached to the expectation that aggressive behaviour is higher in male adolescents. The Sample section reports the participants’ sex distribution, and Characteristics of ‘false positives’ says SDQ false positives were more likely to be male; neither compares aggressive behaviour by sex among adolescents. Searches for aggression and sex differences found no passage addressing that comparison. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Goodman, R., Ford, T., Simmons, H., Gatward, R., & Meltzer, H.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Office for National Statistics (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Goodman, Robert
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 177
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 534-539
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2131960572
- Semantic Scholar
- 9e05ab5b40f8d2c74d8e4e995ef4f332e7061d1a
- Cited by
- 1,818
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 108 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 107 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 103 · 2012: 84
- FWCI
- 16.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, child psychopathology, screening, multi-informant assessment, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, conduct disorder, hyperactivity, depression, anxiety disorders, specific phobia, separation anxiety, eating disorders, community mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Community Health Services, False Positive Reactions, Humans, Mass Screening, Predictive Value of Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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