Cited by 358Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementDiabetes Management and ResearchPregnancy and Medication Impact

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Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with diabetes: randomised clinical trial

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Murphy, H. R, Rayman, G., Lewis, K., Kelly, S., Johal, B., Duffield, K., Fowler, D., Campbell, P. J, Temple, R. C·2008·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.a1680PMC PMC2563261

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy on maternal glycaemic control, infant birth weight, and risk of macrosomia in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Prospective, open label randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Two secondary care multidisciplinary obstetric clinics for diabetes in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: 71 women with type 1 diabetes (n=46) or type 2 diabetes (n=25) allocated to antenatal care plus continuous glucose monitoring (n=38) or to standard antenatal care (n=33). INTERVENTION: Continuous glucose monitoring was used as an educational tool to inform shared decision making and future therapeutic changes at intervals of 4-6 weeks during pregnancy. All other aspects of antenatal care were equal between the groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was maternal glycaemic control during the second and third trimesters from measurements of HbA(1c) levels every four weeks. Secondary outcomes were birth weight and risk of macrosomia using birthweight standard deviation scores and customised birthweight centiles. Statistical analyses were done on an intention to treat basis. RESULTS: Women randomised to continuous glucose monitoring had lower mean HbA(1c) levels from 32 to 36 weeks' gestation compared with women randomised to standard antenatal care: 5.8% (SD 0.6) v 6.4% (SD 0.7). Compared with infants of mothers in the control arm those of mothers in the intervention arm had decreased mean birthweight standard deviation scores (0.9 v 1.6; effect size 0.7 SD, 95% confidence interval 0.0 to 1.3), decreased median customised birthweight centiles (69% v 93%), and a reduced risk of macrosomia (odds ratio 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 0.98). CONCLUSION: Continuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy is associated with improved glycaemic control in the third trimester, lower birth weight, and reduced risk of macrosomia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN84461581.

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Authors: Murphy, H. R., Rayman, G., Lewis, K., Kelly, S., Johal, B., Duffield, K., Fowler, D., Campbell, P. J., & Temple, R. C.
Affiliations: National Health Service (GB)
Ipswich Hospital (GB)
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (GB)
Wellcome Sanger Institute (GB)
Corresponding author: Murphy, H. R
ORCID: Murphy, H. R
Rayman, G.
Kelly, S.
Campbell, P. J
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2008-09-25
Volume: 337
Issue: sep25 2
Pages: a1680-a1680
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a1680
PMC: PMC2563261
OpenAlex: W2084809043
Cited by: 358
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 26.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Diabetes UK
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring, pregnancy, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, maternal glycaemic control, HbA1c, birth weight, macrosomia, prenatal care, shared decision-making, gestational diabetes mellitus
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Fetal Macrosomia, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Diabetics, Pregnancy Outcome, Prenatal Care, Prenatal Diagnosis, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring

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Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with diabetes: randomised clinical trial

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