Cited by 657Advanced Causal Inference TechniquesStatistical Methods in EpidemiologyMeta-analysis and systematic reviews

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Alternative approaches for confounding adjustment in observational studies using weighting based on the propensity score: a primer for practitioners

Open access

Desai, Rishi J, Franklin, Jessica M·2019·BMJ

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

This report aims to provide methodological guidance to help practitioners select the most appropriate weighting method based on propensity scores for their analysis out of many available options (eg, inverse probability treatment weights, standardised mortality ratio weights, fine stratification weights, overlap weights, and matching weights), and outlines recommendations for transparent reporting of studies using weighting based on the propensity scores.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.l5657

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
ROSENBAUM, P. R., & RUBIN, D. B. (1983) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/70.1.41 · Cited by 31,241
Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology
Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. Á., & Brumback, B. (2000) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200009000-00011 · Cited by 5,581
Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies
Austin, P. C., & Stuart, E. A. (2015) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6607 · Cited by 4,495
Constructing Inverse Probability Weights for Marginal Structural Models
Cole, S. R., & Hernan, M. A. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn164 · Cited by 2,796
Using the Standardized Difference to Compare the Prevalence of a Binary Variable Between Two Groups in Observational Research
Austin, P. (2009) · Communications in statistics. Simulation and computation · doi:10.1080/03610910902859574 · Cited by 2,323
Causal Inference Using Potential Outcomes: Design, Modeling, Decisions
Rubin, D. B. (2005) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/016214504000001880 · Cited by 2,173
The performance of different propensity score methods for estimating marginal hazard ratios
Austin, P. C. (2013) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.5705 · Cited by 1,006
Model-Based Direct Adjustment
Rosenbaum, P. R. (1987) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1987.10478441 · Cited by 998
Results of Multivariable Logistic Regression, Propensity Matching, Propensity Adjustment, and Propensity-based Weighting under Conditions of Nonuniform Effect
Kurth, T., Walker, A. M., Glynn, R. J., Chan, K. A., Gaziano, J. M., Berger, K., & Robins, J. M. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj047 · Cited by 733
Addressing extreme propensity scores via the overlap weights
Li, F., & Thomas, L. E. (2018) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwy201 · Cited by 694

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 31 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Desai, 2019, An empirical evaluation of a propensity score stratification based weighting approach in settings of more than two treatment groups, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 28, 19

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 657

Cost-effectiveness of Favipiravir in moderately to severely ill COVID-19 patients in the real-world setting of Saudi arabian pandemic referral hospitals
Alamer, A., Almutairi, A. R., Halloush, S., Al-Jedai, A. H., Alrashed, A. A., AlFaifi, M., Mohzari, Y. A., Almutairi, M. G., AlHassar, F., Howaidi, J., et al. (2023) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.003 · Cited by 7
Evaluation of outcome of chemotherapy for breast cancer patients older than 70 years: A SEER-based study
Pu, S., Xie, P., Chen, H., Li, Y., He, J., & Zhang, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.992573 · Cited by 7
Therapeutic plasma exchange for anti-glomerular basement membrane disease with dialysis-dependent kidney failure without diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
Watanabe, H., Yamana, H., Okada, A., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., & Yasunaga, H. (2023) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-023-01695-9 · Cited by 7
Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery for Pediatric Intussusception: Analysis Using a National Inpatient Database in Japan
Takamoto, N., Konishi, T., Fujiogi, M., Kutsukake, M., Morita, K., Hashimoto, Y., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., Yasunaga, H., & Fujishiro, J. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.07.004 · Cited by 7
In-Hospital and readmission outcomes of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and heart failure: Insights from the National Readmissions Database
Leiva, O., Alvarez-Cardona, J. A., How, J., Brunner, A. M., & Hobbs, G. S. (2023) · IJC Heart & Vasculature · doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101304 · Cited by 7
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and the Risk of Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disease Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Shapiro, S. B., Yin, H., Yu, O. H. Y., & Azoulay, L. (2024) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-024-01434-4 · Cited by 7
Risk of fracture in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation initiating direct oral anticoagulants vs. vitamin K antagonists
He, N., Dell’Aniello, S., Zhai, S., Suissa, S., & Renoux, C. (2020) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa094 · Cited by 7
Understanding and Improving the Care of Older Adults Living with Dementia Across Four Canadian Provinces during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study to Inform Policy and Practices
Vedel, I., Arsenault‐Lapierre, G., Bergman, H., Bronskill, S. E., Couturier, Y., Godard‐Sebillotte, C., Henein, M., Kosteniuk, J. G., Khanassov, V., McAiney, C. A., et al. (2021) · Science of Nursing and Health Practices · doi:10.7202/1077989ar · Cited by 7
Association between adjunct clindamycin and in-hospital mortality in patients with necrotizing soft tissue infection due to group A Streptococcus: a nationwide cohort study
Hamada, S., Nakajima, M., Kaszynski, R. H., Otaka, S., Goto, H., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., Yamaguchi, Y., & Yasunaga, H. (2021) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-021-04376-2 · Cited by 7
Selecting an Optimal Design for a Non-randomized Comparative Study: A Comment on “Some Considerations on Design and Analysis Plan on a Nonrandomized Comparative Study Utilizing Propensity Score Methodology for Medical Device Premarket Evaluation.”
Cafri, G., COPLAN, P. M., Zhang, S., & Berlin, J. A. (2021) · Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1080/19466315.2021.1994460 · Cited by 7
Cost utility analysis of antibiotics compared with operative treatment in uncomplicated acute appendicitis
Poprom, N., Pattanaprateep, O., Wilasrusmee, C., Rattanasiri, S., McKay, G. J., Attia, J., & Thakkinstian, A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-00111-5 · Cited by 6
Adalimumab Monotherapy vs Adalimumab With Methotrexate for Psoriasis
Yiu, Z. Z. N., Smith, C. H., Laws, P., Hampton, P. J., Griffiths, C. E. M., Warren, R. B., BADBIR Study Group, & BSTOP Study Group (2025) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.1463 · Cited by 6
Ampicillin-sulbactam versus third-generation cephalosporins in aspiration Pneumonia: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Taniguchi, J., Aso, S., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., & Yasunaga, H. (2025) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108276 · Cited by 6
Comparative cardiovascular outcomes and safety of hypoglycemic drug classes in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension: a multicenter cohort analysis
Wei, Z., Xu, W., Wang, Y., Tian, Y., Wang, Z., Jing, S., Liu, W., Shen, S., Qin, C., Zhang, X., et al. (2025) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-025-02892-5 · Cited by 7
Influence of Surgical Technique and Surgical Skill on Outcomes of Cleft Palate Repair
Sitzman, T. J., Kirschner, R. E., Temkit, M., Baylis, A. L., Hardin-Jones, M. A., Chee-Williams, J. L., Pollard, S. H., & Chapman, K. L. (2025) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000012422 · Cited by 6
Impact of statin use on cardiovascular and hematologic outcomes among patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Leiva, O., Soo, S., Liu, O., You, V., Palmer, A., Kahla, J. A., Murtaza, Y., Odenike, O. M., Patel, A. A., DeCara, J. M., et al. (2026) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2025018724 · Cited by 6
Effect of paracentesis on the survival of patients with terminal cancer and ascites: a propensity score–weighted analysis of the East Asian Collaborative Cross-cultural Study to Elucidate the Dying Process
Masuda, K., Ishiki, H., Yokomichi, N., Yamaguchi, T., Ito, T., Takatsu, H., Amano, K., Hiramoto, S., Yamauchi, T., Kawaguchi, T., et al. (2022) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07057-8 · Cited by 6
Implementation of a new definition for acute kidney injury in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project: What is the impact?
Loria, A., Melucci, A. D., Burchard, P. R., Ghaffar, A., Levatino, E., Temple, L. K. F., & Fleming, F. J. (2023) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2022.11.035 · Cited by 6
Short‐term outcomes following total colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease in Denmark after implementation of laparoscopy: a nationwide population‐based study
Mark‐Christensen, A., Troelsen, F. S., Tøttrup, A., Nagy, D., Laurberg, S., & Erichsen, R. (2023) · Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1111/codi.16691 · Cited by 6
Endoscopic surgery versus craniotomy for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the late elderly patients
Tahara, S., Hattori, Y., Aso, S., Uda, K., Kumazawa, R., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., Yasunaga, H., & Morita, A. (2023) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107327 · Cited by 10
Confounder Adjustment Using the Disease Risk Score: A Proposal for Weighting Methods
Nguyen, T., Debray, T. P. A., Youn, B., Simoneau, G., & Collins, P. G. S. (2023) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwad196 · Cited by 6
Mechanical Thrombectomy vs Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism
Watanabe, A., Kuno, T., Miyamoto, Y., Ueyama, H. A., Gotanda, H., Bangalore, S., & Tsugawa, Y. (2025) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101706 · Cited by 6
School-age outcomes among IVF and ICSI-conceived children: a causal inference analysis using linked population-wide data
Kennedy, A. L., Hiscock, R. J., Vollenhoven, B. J., Stern, C. J., Gurrin, L. C., Osianlis, T., Kink, A., Walker, S. P., Cheong, J. L. Y., Quach, J., et al. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-03963-w · Cited by 6
Antidepressant use during pregnancy and risk of obstetrics and neonatal outcomes: A propensity score-weighted population-based cohort study in 2003–2018
Lee, K. C. K., Fung, V. S. C., Chan, J. K. N., Wong, C. S. M., Cheung, K. W., Seto, M. T. Y., Lin, J., & Chang, W. C. (2025) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.05.001 · Cited by 6
Role of Brain Age Gap as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment Risk Factors and Cognition
Tan, W. Y., Huang, X., Huang, J., Robert, C., Cui, J., Chen, C., & Hilal, S. (2025) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000213815 · Cited by 6
Association of Medication Use and 8-Year Mortality Risk in Patients With Parkinson Disease
Tuominen, J., Riise, T., Romanowska, J., Flores‐Torres, M. H., Cortese, M., Scherzer, C. R., Bjørnevik, K., & Igland, J. (2025) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000213783 · Cited by 6
Comment on “Biostatistical Considerations When Using RWD and RWE in Clinical Studies for Regulatory Purposes: A Landscape Assessment”
Hampson, L. V., Degtyarev, E., Tang, R. S., Lin, J., Rufibach, K., & Zheng, C. (2021) · Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1080/19466315.2021.1994459 · Cited by 6
Association of ventilator-free days with respiratory physiotherapy in critically ill patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the first pandemic wave. A propensity score-weighted analysis
Privitera, E., Gambazza, S., Rossi, V., Santambrogio, M., Binda, F., Tarello, D., Caiffa, S., Turrin, V., Casagrande, C., Battaglini, D., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.994900 · Cited by 6
Intraoperative Fascial Plane Blocks Facilitate Earlier Tracheal Extubation and Intensive Care Unit Discharge After Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Revollo, S. O., Echevarría, G. C., Fullerton, D. A., Ramirez, I., Farias, J., Lagos, R., & Lacassie, H. J. (2022) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2022.11.021 · Cited by 6
5α-Reductase Inhibitors and Risk of Kidney and Bladder Cancers in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Doherty, N., Cardwell, C. R., Murchie, P., Hill, C. J., Azoulay, L., & Hicks, B. M. (2023) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-1109 · Cited by 6
PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Plus Chemotherapy Versus PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor in Microsatellite Instability Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Chen, M., Wang, Z., Liu, Z., Deng, T., Wang, X., Chang, Z., Zhang, Q., Yang, W., Liu, N., Ji, Z., et al. (2023) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.22.00463 · Cited by 7
Risk of admission to hospital with arterial or venous thromboembolism among patients diagnosed in the ambulatory setting with covid-19 compared with influenza: retrospective cohort study
Re, V. L., Dutcher, S. K., Connolly, J. G., Pérez-Vilar, S., Carbonari, D. M., DeFor, T. A., Djibo, D. A., Harrington, L. B., Hou, L., Hennessy, S., et al. (2023) · BMJ Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000421 · Cited by 6
Effects of Milrinone on Neonates after Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation: A Retrospective Nationwide Database Study
Kitaoka, H., Konishi, T., Shitara, Y., Ito, A., Kashima, K., Fujita, A., Matsui, H., Kato, M., Takahashi, N., & Yasunaga, H. (2023) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000533958 · Cited by 6
Impact of immunosuppressive therapy on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine effectiveness in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Elmahdi, R., Ward, D., Ernst, M. T., Poulsen, G., Hallas, J., Pottegård, A., & Jess, T. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077408 · Cited by 6
Major renal morbidity following elective rectal cancer resection by the type of diverting ostomy
Loria, A., Becerra, A. Z., Melucci, A. D., Ghaffar, A., Croft, A., Hanchett, V. A., Temple, L. K. F., & Fleming, F. J. (2022) · Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1111/codi.16375 · Cited by 6
Anticholinergic drugs for death rattle in dying patients with cancer: multicentre prospective cohort study
Yamaguchi, T., Yokomichi, N., Yamaguchi, T., Maeda, I., Matsunuma, R., Tanaka-Yagi, Y., Akatani, A., Suzuki, K., Kohara, H., Taniyama, T., et al. (2022) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/spcare-2022-003823 · Cited by 6
Effects of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobials on Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia with Low Risk for Drug-Resistant Pathogens: Historical Cohort Study in Japan
Takazono, T., Hosogaya, N., Saito, Y., Takemura, M., Iwanaga, N., Sakamoto, N., Hirayama, J., Ueno, R., & Mukae, H. (2025) · Infectious Diseases and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40121-025-01142-1 · Cited by 5
Effects of the right to be forgotten for childhood or breast cancer survivors: results of a quasi-experimental study in France
Bougas, N., Dabakuyo‐Yonli, T. S., Assogba, E., Haddy, N., de Vathaire, F., Janah, A., Michel, M., Bourmaud, A., Jeanningros, H., Ursino, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-025-01830-4 · Cited by 5
Nonoperative Versus Neurosurgical Treatment of Brain Abscess: An Emulated Trial Nested Within a Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort
Eriksen, E. M., Larsen, L., Storgaard, M., Mens, H., Wiese, L., Jepsen, M. P. G., Hansen, B. R., Lüttichau, H. R., Nielsen, H. I., & Bodilsen, J. (2025) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaf304 · Cited by 5
Association between early-phase opioid use and outcomes in extremely preterm infants: A nationwide study
Kitaoka, H., Konishi, T., Shitara, Y., Ito, A., Kashima, K., Kimura, Y., Matsui, H., Kato, M., Takahashi, N., & Yasunaga, H. (2025) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-025-03998-y · Cited by 5
Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy vs Up-Front Surgery for Resectable Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Chen, P.-C., Yang, A. S., Fichera, A., Tsai, M.-H., Wu, Y.-H., Yeh, Y., Shyr, Y., Lai, E. C., & Lai, C. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9049 · Cited by 5
Incretin-Based Drugs and the Incidence of Endometrial Cancer Among People with Type 2 Diabetes: Active Comparator New-User Design
Rothman, S. M., Yin, H., Yu, O. H. Y., Pollak, M., & Azoulay, L. (2025) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-025-01551-8 · Cited by 7
Tiotropium Initiation and Dementia Risk in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Wu, C., Kendzerska, T., Wang, C., Xiong, L. Y., Edwards, J. D., Liu, P. P., Saskin, R., & Swardfager, W. (2025) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.1251 · Cited by 5
Association of initiating CYP2D6-metabolized opioids with risks of adverse outcomes in older adults receiving antidepressants: A retrospective cohort study
Wei, Y. J., Winterstein, A. G., Schmidt, S. O., Fillingim, R. B., Daniels, M. J., DeKosky, S. T., & Schmidt, S. (2025) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004620 · Cited by 5
Geographical analysis of malignant tumor incidence and treatment in China
Bian, Y., Yu, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Zheng, M., Tang, C., Zhang, X., & Yue, L. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-17452-w · Cited by 5
Does negative pressure wound therapy reduce the odds of infection and improve health-related quality of life in patients with open fractures?
Atwan, Y., Sprague, S., Slobogean, G. P., Bzovsky, S., Jeray, K. J., Petrisor, B., Bhandari, M., Schemitsch, E., & on behalf of the FLOW Investigators (2022) · Bone & Joint Open · doi:10.1302/2633-1462.33.bjo-2021-0199.r1 · Cited by 5
Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs for Empagliflozin Versus Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Routine Clinical Care in Denmark
Thomsen, R. W., Christensen, L. B., Kahlert, J. A., Knudsen, J. S., Ustyugova, A., Sandgaard, S., Holmgaard, P., Ehlers, L. H., & Sørensen, H. T. (2022) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01323-y · Cited by 5
Mental Health Conditions in Partners and Adult Children of Stroke Survivors
Skajaa, N., Farkas, D. K., Laugesen, K., Fuglsang, C. H., Henderson, V. W., Plana‐Ripoll, O., Gaist, D., & Sørensen, H. T. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3286 · Cited by 5
Short-term and long-term stroke risk following SARS-CoV-2 infection in relation to disease severity: a Danish national cohort study
Hansen, C. S., Pottegård, A., Andersen, J. H., Andersen, G., & Lassen, A. T. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083171 · Cited by 5
Readmission outcomes after acute coronary syndrome among patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Leiva, O., Zhou, S., How, J., Lee, M. H., & Hobbs, G. S. (2024) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.119046 · Cited by 5
The Effect of Chronic Liver Disease on Adverse In-Hospital Outcomes After Radical Cystectomy and Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion
Polverino, F., Marmiroli, A., Longoni, M., Le, Q. C., Falkenbach, F., Nicolazzini, M., Catanzaro, C., Fred Saad, C., Goyal, J. A., Morra, S., et al. (2025) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-025-18032-y · Cited by 5
Antipsychotic Medication and Risk of Incident Seizure in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Analyses with Cohort and Within Individual Study Designs
Alfageh, B. H., Besag, F., Gao, L., Ma, T., Man, K. K. C., Wong, I. C. K., & Brauer, R. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05208-0 · Cited by 5
Interstitial lung disorders following postoperative radiotherapy with concurrent or sequential hormonal therapy for breast cancer: a nationwide database study in Japan
Konishi, T., Fujiogi, M., Michihata, N., Kumazawa, R., Ohbe, H., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., Ogita, M., Tanabe, M., Seto, Y., et al. (2022) · Breast Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12282-022-01346-0 · Cited by 5
Laparoscopic Colectomy: A Risk Factor for Postoperative Peritoneal Metastasis
Nagata, H., Kawai, K., Oba, K., Nozawa, H., Yamauchi, S., Sugihara, K., & Ishihara, S. (2022) · Clinical Colorectal Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clcc.2022.05.003 · Cited by 5
Estimating the causal impact of non-traditional household structures on children’s educational performance using a machine learning propensity score
Shang, L.-D., Rowe, F., & Lin, E. S. (2023) · Asia Pacific Education Review · doi:10.1007/s12564-023-09916-3 · Cited by 7
Predictive Factors for Gait Recovery in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Weighting Analysis
Kim, Y., Kim, S. C., Shim, S. R., & Hyun, J. K. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14061979 · Cited by 4
Addressing confounders in observational comparative effectiveness research: Methods, software, and reporting standards
Wang, Y., Li, W., Wang, L., Wei, Y., Zhao, Y., Feng, G., & Huang, L. (2026) · The Innovation Medicine · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-med.2026.100187 · Cited by 3
Long‐term risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia‐related surgery and acute urinary retention in men treated with 5‐alpha reductase inhibitor versus alpha‐blocker monotherapy in routine clinical care
Bengtsen, M. B., Heide‐Jørgensen, U., Borre, M., & Nørgaard, M. (2023) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/pros.24540 · Cited by 6
Upward Mobility Context and Health Outcomes and Behaviors during Transition to Adulthood: The Intersectionality of Race and Sex
Zang, E. X., & Tian, M. (2024) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/00221465231223944 · Cited by 6
Risk of osteoporotic fractures in menopausal women with common mental health diagnoses prescribed SSRIs/SNRIs: cohort and self-controlled case series analyses
Alsugeir, D. M., Adesuyan, M., Avgerinou, C., Talaulikar, V. S., Wei, L., & Brauer, R. (2024) · Archives of Osteoporosis · doi:10.1007/s11657-024-01459-3 · Cited by 4
Intravenous immunoglobulin for mortality and inflammatory status in patients with sepsis: a retrospective database study
Takano, H., Kanda, N., Wakimoto, Y., Ohbe, H., & Nakamura, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1511481 · Cited by 4
Effectiveness, Usability, and Satisfaction of a Self-Administered Digital Intervention for Reducing Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in a University Community in the Andean Region of Peru: Randomized Controlled Trial
Méndez, R. M. Y., Escobar-Agreda, S., Villarreal‐Zegarra, D., Flores, W. M. T., Sánchez-Broncano, J., Vilela-Estrada, A. L., Cordova, J. H. O., Reátegui-Rivera, C. M., Alvarez-Yslado, C., Rojas-Mezarina, L., et al. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/71465 · Cited by 4
Effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban vs. apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation and peripheral artery disease
Dari, L., Beradid, S., Constans, J., Pariente, A., & Renoux, C. (2025) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf063 · Cited by 4
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Acute Respiratory Failure in Adolescents and Young Adults
Ahmadi, F., McArthur, E., García‐Bournissen, F., Rieder, M. J., & Muanda, F. T. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.45251 · Cited by 4
Ruxolitinib and heart failure outcomes among patients with myelofibrosis
Leiva, O., Soo, S., Liu, O., You, V., Palmer, A., Kahla, J. A., Murtaza, Y., Odenike, O. M., Patel, A. A., DeCara, J. M., et al. (2026) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.1080/10428194.2026.2639642 · Cited by 4
Severe Complications after General Anesthesia versus Sedation during Pediatric Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization for Ventricular Septal Defect
Ogawa, Y., Yamana, H., Noda, T., Kishimoto, M., Yoshihara, S., Kanaoka, K., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., Yasunaga, H., Kawaguchi, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11175165 · Cited by 4
Persistent Symptoms and Sequelae After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Not Requiring Hospitalization: Results From Testing Denmark, a Danish Cross-sectional Survey
van Wijhe, M., Fogh, K., Ethelberg, S., Iversen, K. K., Nielsen, H. I., Østergaard, L. J., Andersen, B. S., Bundgaard, H., Jørgensen, C. S., Scharff, B. F. S. S., et al. (2022) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac679 · Cited by 4
Impact of Weekend Effect on Short- and Long-Term Survival of Patients Undergoing Esophagectomy for Cancer: A Population-Based, Inverse Probability of Treatment-Weighted Analysis
Yang, T.-Y., Wen, Y., & Chao, Y. (2023) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-023-13280-2 · Cited by 4
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and the risk of mycobacterial pulmonary infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Wang, C., Liao, K., Wang, Y., Chen, K.-H., Chuang, S.-L., Liu, C.-J., Shu, C., & Wang, H. (2023) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2023.08.018 · Cited by 4
Transradial intervention in dialysis patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a Japanese nationwide registry study
Kuno, T., Yamaji, K., Aikawa, T., Sawano, M., Ando, T., Numasawa, Y., Wada, H., Amano, T., Kozuma, K., & Kohsaka, S. (2023) · European Heart Journal Open · doi:10.1093/ehjopen/oead116 · Cited by 4
Association Between Loop Diuretics and Mortality in Patients With Cardiac Surgery–Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Propensity Score–Weighted Analysis
Zhu, S., Zheng, Z., Wang, L., Luo, G., Zhang, Y., Jia, T., Wang, Y., Dong, H., & Lei, C. (2023) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000006748 · Cited by 6
Risk of abnormal uterine bleeding associated with high-affinity compared with low-affinity serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Engler, J., Filliter, C., Montastruc, F., Abenhaim, H. A., Rej, S., & Renoux, C. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.163 · Cited by 4
Catecholamine Vasopressors and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation After Noncardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study
Li, W., Liu, Y., & Gu, X.-H. (2024) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s474818 · Cited by 4
Gestational diabetes mellitus and subsequent cardiovascular disease in a period of rising diagnoses: Cohort study
Mehrabadi, A., Yu, Y., Grandi, S. M., Platt, R. W., & Filion, K. B. (2025) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.15022 · Cited by 4
Association between initial intravenous fluid volume and the composite outcome of hemodialysis dependence at discharge or in-hospital mortality in inpatients with rhabdomyolysis
Yajima, W., Aso, S., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., & Yasunaga, H. (2025) · Journal of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s40560-025-00788-w · Cited by 4
The Effect of Valvulopathy on Adverse In-Hospital Outcomes After Partial and Radical Nephrectomy
Catanzaro, C., Falkenbach, F., Marmiroli, A., Longoni, M., Le, Q. C., Nicolazzini, M., Polverino, F., Goyal, J. A., Bianchi, L., Piazza, P., et al. (2025) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-025-17769-w · Cited by 4
Estimating the effect of increasing utilization of living donor liver transplantation using observational data
Wanis, K. N., Sarvet, A. L., Ruffolo, L. I., Levstik, M. A., Tomiyama, K., Al‐Judaibi, B., Stensrud, M. J., & Hernandez‐Alejandro, R. (2021) · Transplant International · doi:10.1111/tri.13835 · Cited by 4
Clinical–Community Linkages: The Impact of Standard Care Processes that Engage Medicaid-Eligible Pregnant Women in Home Visiting
Raffo, J. E., Titcombe, C., Henning, S., Meghea, C. I., Strutz, K. L., & Roman, L. A. (2021) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2021.06.006 · Cited by 4
The effect of a pay-for-performance program on health-related quality of life for patients with hepatitis in Taiwan
Su, W.-C., Chen, T., Yang, S., Shih, L., Liu, C., Wang, C.-C., & Wu, C.-H. (2022) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-022-02038-1 · Cited by 4
Contrasting Health Outcomes following a Severe Smoke Episode and Ambient Air Pollution in Early Life: Findings from an Australian Data Linkage Cohort Study of Hospital Utilization
Ziou, M., Gao, C. X., Wheeler, A. J., Zosky, G. R., Stephens, N., Knibbs, L. D., Melody, S. M., Venn, A., Dalton, M. F., Dharmage, S. C., et al. (2023) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp12238 · Cited by 6
Effect of Early Cyclosporine Treatment on Survival in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Senda, A., Fushimi, K., & Morishita, K. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.57862 · Cited by 4
Three-year incidence of pacemaker implantation in patients with atrial fibrillation and sinus node dysfunction receiving ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs
Okumus, N. K., Zeitler, E. P., Moustafa, A., Iglesias, M., Khanna, R., Rong, Y., & Karim, S. (2024) · Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology · doi:10.1007/s10840-024-01790-2 · Cited by 4
Indirect comparison of capmatinib treatment from GEOMETRY mono-1 trial to SOC in German patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC harboring METex14 skipping mutations
Kron, A., Scheffler, M., Wiesweg, M., Hummel, H.-D., Kulhavy, J., Gatteloehner, S., Kollmeier, J., Schubart, C., Groß, T., Demes, M.-C., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114158 · Cited by 4
Adjustment for imbalances in baseline characteristics in the MAGNITUDE phase 3 study confirms the clinical benefit of niraparib in combination with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with metastatic prostate cancer
Roubaud, G., Attard, G., Boegemann, M., Olmos, D., Trevisan, M., Antoni, L., Pascoe, K. C., Capone, C., Sanden, S. V., Hashim, M., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114183 · Cited by 4
Comparative effectiveness of 6x R-CHOP21 versus 6x R-CHOP21 + 2 R for patients with advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Maas, C. C. H. M., Klaveren, D. V., Durmaz, M., Visser, O. J., Issa, D. E., Posthuma, E. F. M., Zijlstra, J. M., Chamuleau, M. E. D., Lugtenburg, P. J., Kersten, M. J., et al. (2024) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-024-01137-0 · Cited by 4
The use of pulmonary artery catheter and clinical outcomes in older adults with cardiogenic shock
Watanabe, A., Miyamoto, Y., Ueyama, H. A., Gotanda, H., Tsugawa, Y., & Kuno, T. (2024) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132509 · Cited by 3
Choosing the optimal therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Insights from a real‐world comparative study
Hara, T., Teishima, J., Okamura, Y., Suzuki, K., Bando, Y., Terakawa, T., Chiba, K., Hyodo, Y., & Miyake, H. (2024) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/iju.15590 · Cited by 4
Ocular adverse events of perioperative adjuvant docetaxel vs paclitaxel for breast cancer: propensity-score overlap-weighted analysis
Iwai, C., Miyawaki, A., Konishi, T., Okada, A., Fujita, A., Jo, T., & Yasunaga, H. (2025) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-025-07720-8 · Cited by 3
The effect of chronic kidney disease on adverse in-hospital outcomes after partial nephrectomy
Catanzaro, C., Falkenbach, F., Marmiroli, A., Longoni, M., Le, Q. C., Nicolazzini, M., Polverino, F., Goyal, J. A., Bianchi, L., Piazza, P., et al. (2025) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-025-05892-y · Cited by 3
Real-world efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan versus trastuzumab emtansine and tucatinib as second-line and third-line treatments for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: two target trial emulation studies
Jourdain, H., Meglio, A. D., Mansouri, I., Desplas, D., Zureik, M., & Haddy, N. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101455 · Cited by 3
Oral Acetylcysteine and the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Tsai, H., Chang, W., & Lee, Y. (2025) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.09.025 · Cited by 3
Gout-Related Medication Use After Initiating Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Gout and Type 2 Diabetes: Population-Based Target Trial Emulation Studies
McCormick, N., Burrack, N., Yokose, C., Lu, N., Wexler, D. J., Rai, S. K., Challener, G. J., Aviña-Zubieta, J. A., McCoy, R. G., Abuhasira, R., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-1713 · Cited by 4
Association Between Systemic Anticoagulation and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Receiving Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Insights From a Multicenter Propensity-Weighted Study
Suzuki, G., Ishikawa, K., Nishioka, S., Kobori, T., Masuyama, Y., Yamamoto, S., Serizawa, H., Nakamichi, Y., Honda, M., & Japan Chest CT for acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (J-CARVE) Registry group (2026) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000007071 · Cited by 3
The impact of primary health care services, continuity of care and patterns of care on mortality and hospitalisation-related outcomes in residents of long-term care facilities: a comprehensive national evaluation
Inacio, M. C. S., Schwabe, J., Crotty, M., Williams, H., Wesselingh, S. L., Kellie, A. R., Roder, P. D., Nixon, K.-L., Harvey, G., Sluggett, J. K., et al. (2026) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afag026 · Cited by 3
Valproate Use by Fathers and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children
Meng, L., van Gelder, M. M. H. J., Chuang, H.-M., Lai, H., Chen, L., Hsiao, F., & Nordeng, H. (2026) · NEJM Evidence · doi:10.1056/evidoa2500254 · Cited by 3
Comparison of bleeding complications after pediatric kidney biopsy between intravenous sedation and general anesthesia: a nationwide cohort study
Okada, A., Kurakawa, K. I., Harita, Y., Shimizu, A., Yamaguchi, S., Aso, S., Ono, S., Hashimoto, Y., Kumazawa, R., Michihata, N., et al. (2023) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-022-03828-8 · Cited by 3
Comparative safety of tramadol and other opioids following total hip and knee arthroplasty
Bosco, E., Riester, M. R., Beaudoin, F. L., Schoenfeld, A. J., Gravenstein, S., Mor, V., & Zullo, A. R. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-04933-2 · Cited by 4
Outcomes of low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment in patients with non-HIV pneumocystis pneumonia: A nationwide Japanese retrospective cohort study
Taniguchi, J., Aso, S., Jo, T., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., & Yasunaga, H. (2024) · Infectious Diseases Now · doi:10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104992 · Cited by 3
Trans-Arterial Embolization for Liver Metastases of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Response Indicates Survival Benefit?
Chen, L., Yang, D., Yusufu, Y., Liu, H., Liu, M., Lin, Y., Luo, Y., He, Q., Chen, M., Zeng, Z., et al. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17020309 · Cited by 3
Association between immune checkpoint inhibitors and uveitis in patients with lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, or malignant melanoma
Iwai, C., Jo, T., Okada, A., Fujita, A., Konishi, T., Oba, K., Hashimoto, Y., & Yasunaga, H. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.010 · Cited by 3

Authors: Desai, R. J., & Franklin, J. M.
Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Desai, Rishi J
ORCID: Desai, Rishi J
Franklin, Jessica M
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2019-10-23
Volume: 367
Pages: l5657
ISSN: 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l5657
OpenAlex: W2982188023
Cited by: 657
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 76 · 2025: 142 · 2024: 117 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 26
FWCI: 41.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: Brigham and Women's Hospital
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Keywords: propensity score weighting, confounding adjustment, observational studies, reporting transparency, causal inference
MeSH terms: Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Research Design, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Survival Rate, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Propensity Score, Observational Studies as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Alternative approaches for confounding adjustment in observational studies using weighting based on the propensity score: a primer for practitioners

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks