Climate related migration and displacement.

The magnitude and pattern of future health burdens will depend on the extent of adaptation and mitigation.

“The magnitude and pattern of future burdens will depend on the extent of adaptation and mitigation.”

• cites [10] sourceSupported

Most climate related migration occurs within countries, often as rural-to-urban or rural-to-rural migration.

“Most climate related migration occurs within countries, often as rural-to-urban or rural-to-rural migration.”

• cites [5] sourcePartly supported

  The Abstract (page unavailable) says environmental migration is primarily internal or to low- and middle-income countries, supporting internal migration as an important pattern but not establishing that most occurs within countries. “Differences by Migration Destination” (page unavailable) says the studies often use urbanization as a proxy for internal migration and that this overlooks rural-to-rural moves; it does not establish that rural-to-urban or rural-to-rural moves occur often. (LLM, conf=0.86)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

People displaced by extreme events in high income countries also face disproportionate risks, as experienced by Louisiana communities after Hurricane Katrina.

“although people displaced by extreme events in high income countries also face disproportionate risks, as experienced by Louisiana communities after Hurricane Katrina.”

• cites [11] Adeola, 2012, Race, social capital, and the health impacts of Katrina: Evidence from the Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast, Hum Ecol RevNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [12] sourceSupported

All forms of climate related migration will present challenges in coming decades.

“All forms of climate related migration will present challenges in coming decades.”

• cites [8] sourceSupported
• cites [9] sourcePartly supported

  Section 4.2 says climate-related mobility can be adaptive or maladaptive and calls for broad, responsive policy in the face of future change and uncertainty. This supports the prospect of challenges across different forms of migration, but it does not establish that every form will present challenges in the coming decades. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Climate related migration is context specific.

“Climate related migration is thus context specific”

By how many people will move depends on future levels of greenhouse gas emissions, socioeconomic development trajectories (especially in low and middle income countries), and, to a lesser extent, future international migration policies.

“By how many will depend on future levels of greenhouse gas emissions, socioeconomic development trajectories (especially in low and middle income countries), and, to a lesser extent, future international migration policies.”

• cites [3] Rigaud KK, de Sherbinin A, Jones B, et al. Groundswell: preparing for internal climate migration. World Bank, 2018. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29461 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites [4] sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Sudden pulses of large-scale, involuntary displacement of people fleeing hazards can create immediate and acute challenges for health and health systems.

“which can create immediate and acute challenges for health and health systems”

Decisions to move (or stay) and where to move to are mediated by various social, economic, cultural, and other factors that shape the options available to a given individual or household and are consequently linked to wider climate adaptation processes.

“Decisions to move (or stay) and where to move to are mediated by various social, economic, cultural, and other factors that shape the options available to a given individual or household and are consequently linked to wider climate adaptation processes.”

• cites [6] sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites [7] sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Over 20 million people annually are displaced by floods, extreme storms, droughts, wildfires, and other weather related hazards.

“Over 20 million people annually are displaced by floods, extreme storms, droughts, wildfires, and other weather related hazards.”

• cites [1] Cissé G McLeman R Adams H . Health, wellbeing, and the changing structure of communities. In: Pörtner H-O Roberts DC Tignor M , eds. Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 2022:1041-170. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter07.pdfNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Involuntary displacement of people by climate hazards generates substantial challenges for human health and health systems in all countries and regions.

“Involuntary displacement of people by climate hazards generates substantial challenges for human health and health systems in all countries and regions.”

Extreme events affect health system staff and their ability to provide services.

“Health systems must manage the effects of extreme events on their staff and their ability to provide services”

Rising sea levels are creating additional risks for hundreds of millions of people living in low lying coastal areas and small island states.

“Rising sea levels are creating additional risks for hundreds of millions of people living in low lying coastal areas and small island states.”

• cites [1] Cissé G McLeman R Adams H . Health, wellbeing, and the changing structure of communities. In: Pörtner H-O Roberts DC Tignor M , eds. Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 2022:1041-170. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter07.pdfNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

People are obliged to migrate involuntarily in search of food in the Horn of Africa.

“People should not be obliged to migrate involuntarily in search of food, as is happening in the Horn of Africa. 1”

• cites [1] Cissé G McLeman R Adams H . Health, wellbeing, and the changing structure of communities. In: Pörtner H-O Roberts DC Tignor M , eds. Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 2022:1041-170. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter07.pdfNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

These challenges are magnified in low and middle income countries with weak health systems.

“These challenges are magnified in low and middle income countries with weak health systems”

The financial effects on health systems from climate-related migration and displacement are expected to grow.

“The financial effects on health systems are also expected to grow.”

With additional climate change, the number of people on the move is almost certain to rise.

“With additional climate change, the number of people on the move is almost certain to rise.”

• cites [3] Rigaud KK, de Sherbinin A, Jones B, et al. Groundswell: preparing for internal climate migration. World Bank, 2018. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29461 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites [4] sourceNot checked — no full text of the source