Correlates of mobile screen media use among children aged 0–8: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Objective: This study is a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to identify the correlates of mobile screen media use among children aged 8 years and less. Setting: Home or community-based studies were included in this review while child care or school-based studies were excluded. Participants: Children aged 8 years or less were the study population. Studies that included larger age groups without subgroup analysis specific to the 0–8 years category were excluded. Eight electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed English language primary research articles published or in press between January 2009 and March 2017 that have studied correlates of mobile screen media use in this age group. Outcome measure: Mobile screen media use was the primary outcome measure. Mobile screen media use refers to children’s use of mobile screens, such as mobile phones, electronic tablets, handheld computers or personal digital assistants. Results: Thirteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified of which a total of 36 correlates were examined. Older children, children better skilled in using mobile screen media devices, those having greater access to such devices at home and whose parents had high mobile screen media use were more likely to have higher use of mobile screen media devices. No association existed with parent’s age, sex and education. Conclusion: Limited research has been undertaken into young children’s mobile screen media use and most of the variables have been studied too infrequently for robust conclusions to be reached. Future studies with objective assessment of mobile screen media use and frequent examination of the potential correlates across multiple studies and settings are recommended. Trial registration number: This review is registered with PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42015028028 ).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
CogPGS and SES showed positive associations with each other and with baseline measures of intelligence at 9-10 years old.
“CogPGS and SES showed positive associations with each other and with the baseline measures of intelligence at 9–10 years old, in agreement with past research on children and teenagers45–47.”
From The impact of digital media on children’s intelligence while controlling for genetic differences in cognition and socioeconomic background (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823 · see citing works
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164 · see citing works
Dermyshi, E., Wang, Y., Yan, C., Hong, W., Qiu, G., Gong, X., & Zhang, T. (2017) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000454668 · Cited by 24,577 · see citing works
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007 · Cited by 12,156 · see citing works
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006 · Cited by 10,578 · see citing works
Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.377 · Cited by 8,252 · see citing works
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Evans, G. W. (2000) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/1467-9507.00114 · Cited by 1,302 · see citing works
Exposure and use of mobile media devices by young children
Kabali, H. K., Irigoyen, M. M., Nunez-Davis, R., Budacki, J. G., Mohanty, S. H., Leister, K. P., & Bonner, R. L. (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2151 · Cited by 1,053 · see citing works
Children, Adolescents, and the Media
Strasburger, V. C., Hogan, M. J., Mulligan, D. A., Ameenuddin, N., Christakis, D., Cross, C., Fagbuyi, D. B., Hill, D. L., Levine, A. E., McCarthy, C., et al. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2656 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
Knobloch, K., Yoon, U., & Vogt, P. M. (2011) · Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2010.11.001 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Young children's screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors
Lauricella, A. R., Wartella, E. A., & Rideout, V. J. (2015) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2014.12.001 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Robinson, M., Shipton, D., Walsh, D., Whyte, B., & McCartney, G. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-15-1 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Mobile and interactive media use by young children: the good, the bad, and the unknown
Radesky, J. S., Schumacher, J., & Zuckerman, B. (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2251 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
How and Why Parents Guide the Media Use of Young Children
Nikken, P., & Schols, M. (2015) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0144-4 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Active Video Games to Promote Physical Activity in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review
Biddiss, E., & Irwin, J. (2010) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.104 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Digital Childhood: Electronic Media and Technology Use Among Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers
Vandewater, E., Rideout, V. J., Wartella, E., Huang, X., Lee, J. H., & Shim, M. (2007) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1804 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Brown, R. (2004) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyg040 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Xu, H., Wen, L. M., & Rissel, C. (2015) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2015/546925 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates
Duch, H., Fisher, E. M., Ensari, I., & Harrington, A. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-102 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Direct Measurements of Smartphone Screen-Time: Relationships with Demographics and Sleep
Christensen, M. A., Bettencourt, L., Kaye, L., Moturu, S. T., Nguyen, K. T., Olgin, J. E., Pletcher, M. J., & Marcus, G. M. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165331 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Parental Co-Use of Media Technology with their Young Children in the USA
Connell, S., Lauricella, A. R., & Wartella, E. A. (2015) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482798.2015.997440 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Systematic review of correlates of screen-viewing among young children
Cillero, I. H., & Jago, R. (2010) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.04.012 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Use of Mobile Technology to Calm Upset Children
Radesky, J. S., Peacock‐Chambers, E., ZUCKERMAN, B. S., & Silverstein, M. (2016) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4260 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Correlates of sedentary behaviours in preschool children: a review
Hinkley, T., Salmon, J., Okely, A. D., & Trost, S. G. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-66 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Draxten, M. L., Fulkerson, J. A., Friend, S. E., Flattum, C. F., & Schow, R. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.02.017 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
de Jong, E., Visscher, T. L. S., Hirasing, R. A., Heymans, M. W., Seidell, J. C., & Renders, C. M. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.244 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Pyper, E., Harrington, D. W., & Manson, H. E. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3245-0 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Parenting approaches and digital technology use of preschool age children in a Chinese community
Wu, C. S. T., Fowler, C., Lam, W., Wong, H. T., Wong, C. H. M., & Loke, A. Y. (2014) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1824-7288-40-44 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Virtually impossible: limiting Australian children and adolescents daily screen based media use
Houghton, S., Hunter, S. C., Rosenberg, M., Wood, L., Zadow, C., Martin, K., & Shilton, T. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-15-5 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Christakis, D. A. (2014) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5081 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Jago, R., Thompson, J. L., Sebire, S. J., Wood, L., Pool, L., Zahra, J., & Lawlor, D. A. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-11-54 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Screen-viewing among preschoolers in childcare: a systematic review
Vanderloo, L. M. (2014) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-14-205 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Screen-related Sedentary Behaviors: Children's and Parents' Attitudes, Motivations, and Practices
He, M., Piché, L. A., Beynon, C. E., & Harris, S. B. (2009) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2008.11.011 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Parental Mediation of Preschool Children's Television Viewing
Warren, R. (2003) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4703_5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Veldhuis, L., van Grieken, A., Renders, C. M., Hirasing, R. A., & Raat, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088486 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
What’s next for research on young children’s interactive media?
Troseth, G. L., Russo, C. E., & Strouse, G. A. (2016) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482798.2015.1123166 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Young Children’s Tablet Use and Associations with Maternal Well-Being
Pempek, T. A., & McDaniel, B. T. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0413-x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
A Review of Family and Environmental Correlates of Health Behaviors in High‐Risk Youth
Lawman, H. G., & Wilson, D. K. (2012) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.376 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Prevalence of sedentary behavior in children under 2years: A systematic review
Downing, K. L., Hnatiuk, J. A., & Hesketh, K. D. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.07.019 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Carson, V., & Kuzik, N. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4125-y · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Jago, R., Wood, L., Zahra, J., et al. (2015) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2014.0110 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Birken, C. S., Maguire, J. L., Mekky, M., Manlhiot, C., Beck, C. E., Jacobson, S., Peer, M., Taylor, C., McCrindle, B. W., & Parkin, P. C. (2011) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980011000516 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Asplund, K. M., Kair, L. R., Arain, Y. H., Cervantes, M., Oreskovic, N. M., & Zuckerman, K. E. (2015) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2015.0001 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Carson, V., Tremblay, M. S., Spence, J. C., et al. (2013) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/18.1.25 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Dumuid, D., Olds, T., Lewis, L. K., & Maher, C. A. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3419-9 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Parental modelling, media equipment and screen-viewing among young children: cross-sectional study
Jago, R., Sebire, S. J., Lucas, P. J., Turner, K. M., Bentley, G. F., Goodred, J. K., Stewart-Brown, S. L., & Fox, K. R. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002593 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Schöeppe, S., Rebar, A. L., Short, C. E., Alley, S., Lippevelde, W. V., & Vandelanotte, C. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2789-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Physical Activity Pattern of Malaysian Preschoolers
Lee, S. T., Wong, J. E., Ong, W. W., Ismail, M. N., Deurenberg, P., & Poh, B. K. (2016) · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1010539516638155 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The factors associated with toddlers’ screen time change in the STEPS Study: A two-year follow-up
Matarma, T., Koski, P., Löyttyniemi, E., & Lagström, H. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.014 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kesten, J. M., Sebire, S. J., Turner, K. M., Stewart-Brown, S. L., Bentley, G. F., & Jago, R. (2015) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.01.005 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sigmund, E., Baďura, P., Vokáčová, J., & Sigmundová, D. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13070740 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Correlates of mobile screen media use among children aged 0–8: protocol for a systematic review
Paudel, S., Leavy, J. E., & Jancey, J. M. (2016) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0272-y · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [15]American Academy of Pediatrics. American academy of pediatrics announces new recommendations for children’s media use USA, 2017 https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/american-academy-of-pediatrics-announces-new-recommendations-for-childrens-media-use.aspx
- [53]Chiong C, Shuler C Learning: Is there an app for that? Investigations of young children’s usage and learning with mobile devices and apps. New York: Sesame Workshop, 2010.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sauce, B., Liebherr, M., Judd, N., & Klingberg, T. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11341-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Mallawaarachchi, S. R., Anglim, J., Hooley, M., & Horwood, S. (2022) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.12.008 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
- Authors
- Paudel, S., Jancey, J., Subedi, N., & Leavy, J.
- Affiliations
- Curtin University (AU)
- Tribhuvan University (NP)
- Corresponding author
- Paudel, Susan
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e014585
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5665287
- OpenAlex
- W2767046731
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Own your potential (DEAKIN) (acceptedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (acceptedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Curtin University of Technology
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Methods and Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- young children, parental screen use, mobile devices
- MeSH terms
- Attitude to Computers, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Parents, Time Factors, Parenting, Guidelines as Topic, Computers, Handheld, Cell Phone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review