Associations of Parental Influences with Physical Activity and Screen Time among Young Children: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Parents play a critical role in developing and shaping their children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours, particularly in the early years of life. The aim of this systematic review is to identify current literature investigating associations of parental influences with both PA and screen time in young children. This systematic review was conducted in November 2013 using 6 electronic databases covering research literature from January 1998 to November 2013. Thirty articles that met inclusion criteria were identified. These studies covered five important aspects of parenting: (1) parenting practices; (2) parents' role modelling; (3) parental perceptions of children's PA and screen viewing behaviours; (4) parental self-efficacy; and (5) general parenting style. Findings suggest that parents' encouragement and support can increase children's PA, and reducing parents' own screen time can lead to decreased child screen time. Improving parenting practices, parental self-efficacy or changing parenting style may also be promising approaches to increasing PA time and decreasing screen time of young children.
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Parents' own mobile touch screen device use can have an impact on adolescents' technology use.
“Moreover, parents should also moderate their own MTSD use, as their use can have an impact on adolescents’ technology use [23, 48].”
From “From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour”: a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents’ mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
Section 3.5 reports that parents’ TV time was positively associated with young children’s screen time, and the Conclusions suggest reducing parents’ screen time may reduce children’s screen time (page numbers unavailable). The paper does not establish this specifically for parents’ mobile touch screen device use or adolescents’ technology use. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOther studies have indicated mediation of children's technology use by parental rules or restrictions.
“This is consistent with other studies which have indicated mediation of children’s technology use by parental rules or restrictions [25, 48].”
From “From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour”: a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents’ mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
The Results (§3.5) report that four studies found less screen time when parents set TV-time rules, supporting a link between parental rules and children's screen use. The same section reports contrary or null findings, and the Discussion (§4.2) calls the effect of screen-viewing rules indeterminate. The review therefore does not establish that parental rules mediate children's technology use generally. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOther studies found that feelings of belonging, peer pressure, and frequent use of technology by parents were associated with increased technology use by children.
“This is supported by other studies which have found that feelings of belonging, peer pressure [47], and frequent use of technology by parents were associated with increased technology use by children [23, 48].”
When parents reduce their own sedentary behaviours (including screen time), their children may decrease their screen time.
“There is some evidence to suggest that when parents reduce their own sedentary behaviours (including screen time), their children may decrease their screen time.105”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [105]
Parental encouragement and support can increase physical activity in children.
“All three reviews stated that parental encouragement and support can increase PA in children (58, 59), as well as reduce sedentary behaviour (57).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
A reduction in parental sedentary screen time can lead to decreased screen time in children.
“another review found that a reduction in parental (sedentary) screen time can lead to decreased screen time in children (59).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
Three systematic reviews were identified that deal specifically with interventions in the family and home setting.
“Three systematic reviews were identified that deal specifically with interventions in the family and home setting (Table 3) (57–59).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
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Cites
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MethodPhysical activity in young children: a systematic review of parental influences
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BackgroundMethodMarzi, I., Demetriou, Y., & Reimers, A. K. (2018) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-018-0145-9 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
He, Z., Hua, W., Yu, F., Fu, J., Sun, S., Huang, T. M., Wang, R., Chen, D., Zhao, G., & Quan, M. (2021) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/22601 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Chen, C.-Y., Chen, I.-H., Pakpour, A. H., Lin, C.-Y., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0497 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Family-Based Approaches to Cardiovascular Health Promotion
Vedanthan, R., Bansilal, S., Soto, A. V., Kovacic, J. C., Latina, J. M., Jaslow, R., Santana, M., Gorga, E., Kasarskis, A., Hajjar, R. J., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.036 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Li, Q., Guo, L., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Hu, Y. C., Guo, Y., Du, X., Zhang, S., Yang, X. K., & Lu, C. (2021) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.3695 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Correlates of Parental Support of Child and Youth Physical Activity: a Systematic Review
Rhodes, R. E., Perdew, M., & Malli, S. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09909-1 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Toh, S. H., Howie, E. K., Coenen, P., & Straker, L. M. (2019) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-019-1399-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“This is consistent with other studies which have indicated mediation of children’s technology use by parental rules or restrictions [25, 48].”
BackgroundResultRhodes, R. E., Spence, J. C., Berry, T. R., Faulkner, G., Latimer‐Cheung, A. E., O’Reilly, N., Tremblay, M. S., & Vanderloo, L. M. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7744-7 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Biswas, S., Logan, N. S., Davies, L. N., Sheppard, A. L., & Wolffsohn, J. S. (2023) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/opo.13207 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Therefore, positive parental attitude originating from information can lead to healthy and effective behaviour regarding one's own and their children's vision, which might reduce the prevalence and incidence of childhood myopia.(7,8) Artificial intelligence- based chatbot functions are increasingly used for customer s…”
BackgroundMatthes, J., Thomas, M. F., Stević, A., & Schmuck, D. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106618 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Mihrshahi, S., Drayton, B., Bauman, A. E., & Hardy, L. L. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4595-y · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Lee, E., Hesketh, K. D., Rhodes, R. E., Rinaldi, C. M., Spence, J. C., & Carson, V. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0649-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Clinical Practice Recommendations for Pediatric Dyslipidemia
Elkins, J. C., Fruh, S., Jones, L., & Bydalek, K. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.02.009 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Conceptualizing physical activity parenting practices using expert informed concept mapping analysis
Physical Activity Parenting Expert Group, Mâsse, L. C., O’Connor, T. M., Tu, A. W., Hughes, S. O., Beauchamp, M. R., & Baranowski, T. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4487-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Gonçalves, W. S. F., Byrne, R., Viana, M. T., & Trost, S. G. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0788-3 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Second, even though the analysis proposed in this study did not address parental limiting of screen time directly, limiting child screen time has been shown to be a consistent predictor of reduced screen time in children [18].”
BackgroundInfluentialAssociations between media parenting practices and early adolescent screen use
Nagata, J. M., Paul, A., Yen, F., Smith-Russack, Z., Shao, I. Y., Al-Shoaibi, A. A. A., Ganson, K. T., Testa, A. M., Kiss, O., He, J., et al. (2024) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-024-03243-y · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Screen time in children and adolescents: is there evidence to guide parents and policy?
Ashton, J. J., & Beattie, R. M. (2019) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30062-8 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Sleddens, E. F. C., Gubbels, J. S., Kremers, S., van der Plas, E., & Thijs, C. T. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0544-5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Xu, Wen & Rissel [3] conducted a review about associations of parental influences with children’s physical activity and screen time, and found that parental encouragement and support increase children’s physical activity.”
BackgroundSugiyama, M., Tsuchiya, K. J., Okubo, Y., Rahman, M. S., Uchiyama, S., Harada, T., Iwabuchi, T., Okumura, A., Nakayasu, C., Amma, Y., et al. (2023) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5356 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Correlates of screen time in the early years (0–5 years): A systematic review
Veldman, S. L. C., Altenburg, T. M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., & Gubbels, J. S. (2023) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102214 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Previous reviews have examined specific contexts (Vanderloo, 2014; Xu et al., 2015), age groups (Vanderloo, 2014; Hinkley, 2010; Duch, 2013), mostly or only examined TV viewing as type of screen time (Hinkley, 2010; Duch, 2013) and were all conducted several years ago (<2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialArts, J., Drotos, E., Singh, A. S., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Altenburg, T. M., & Gubbels, J. S. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01761-5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“For example, parental practices such as parental role modeling [33, 36, 42–44], parental support [33, 44], parental monitoring [36], and time spent playing with parents [39, 43] were positively associated with young children's PA.”
BackgroundInfluentialAzevedo, L. B., Ling, J., Soós, I., Robalino, S., & Ells, L. J. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12414 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“investigated in previous SB systematic reviews, a recent systematic review (68), which examined the effect of”
BackgroundWądołowska, L., Hamułka, J., Kowalkowska, J., Ulewicz, N., Hoffmann, M., Górnicka, M., Bronkowska, M., Leszczyńska, T., Glibowski, P., & Korzeniowska-Ginter, R. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11020331 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“It is thought that nowadays, a general reduction in PA is unavoidable with teenagers’ increasing age [9,10,41].”
BackgroundZhou, S., Yang, L., Ben-lin, L., Wang, H., Xu, T., Du, D., Wu, S.-Q., Li, X., & Lü, M. (2017) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000009270 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“What is more, previous studies revealed that parental attitudes and behaviors had an important influence on children’s physical activities and screen time.([20,21]) Thus, we hypothesized parents’ attitudes and behaviors toward children’s visual care have a significant influence on children’s myopia risk.”
BackgroundRhodes, R. E., Berry, T. R., Faulkner, G., Latimer‐Cheung, A. E., O’Reilly, N., Tremblay, M. S., Vanderloo, L. M., & Spence, J. C. (2019) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12150 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Niermann, C. Y. N., Gerards, S. M. P. L., & Kremers, S. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15122714 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
In the best interests of children? The paradox of intensive parenting and children’s health
Yerkes, M. A., Hopman, M., Stok, F. M., & de Wit, J. B. F. (2019) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/09581596.2019.1690632 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Parental support, modelling and guidance are expected to provide children with autonomy and enable healthy behaviours in children (Apouey & Geo ff ard, 2013; Bauer et al., 2011; Case et al., 2002; Currie & Stabile, 2003; Xu et al., 2015).”
InfluentialPardhan, S., Parkin, J., Trott, M., & Driscoll, R. (2022) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13170 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Mun, I. B., & Lee, S. (2020) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0096 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
der Geest, K. E. V., Mérelle, S. Y. M., Rodenburg, G., van de Mheen, D., & Renders, C. M. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4784-8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“They play a critical role in developing and shaping their children’s activity patterns and preferences within the family context [15].”
Elinder, L. S., Patterson, E., Nyberg, G., & Norman, Å. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5354-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Regarding parenting practices to encourage children’s physical activity, logistic support and role modelling have been associated with higher activity in children [30].”
BackgroundPredicting parental support and parental perceptions of child and youth movement behaviors
Rhodes, R., Stearns, J., Berry, T., Faulkner, G., Latimer-Cheung, A., O'Reilly, N., Tremblay, M., Vanderloo, L. M., & Spence, J. (2019) · Psychology of Sport And Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.016 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“The findings are consistent with previous research showing the importance of parental support to child and youth health behavior (Biddle et al., 2011; Craggs et al., 2011; Hutchens & Lee, 2018; Mitchell et al., 2012; Pyper et al., 2016; Trost & Loprinzi, 2011; Xu et al., 2015; Yao & Rhodes, 2015), and the importance o…”
InfluentialNoordstar, J. J., van der Net, J. J., Voerman, L., Helders, P. J. M., & Jongmans, M. J. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.12.002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Venetsanou, F., Kambas, A., Gourgoulis, V., & Yannakoulia, M. (2019) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460.2019.1659414 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…studies, parents’ ST and parental rules are among the modifiable factors associated with young children’s ST (Cilero and Jago 2010; Lauricella et al. 2015; Xu et al. 2015; Downing et al. 2017), so parents should be among the first targets of interventions aimed at reducing ST in young children.”
BackgroundRuedl, G., Niedermeier, M., Wimmer, L., Ploner, V., Pocecco, E., Cocca, A., & Greier, K. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168736 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“In addition to the socio-economic status of parents, children’s PA and physical fitness might also be affected by parental role modelling [7,8].”
BackgroundPhysical activity behaviors in parents of children with disabilities: A systematic review
Ku, B., & Rhodes, R. E. (2020) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103787 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Family‐based physical activity interventions and family functioning: A systematic review
Rhodes, R. E., Hollman, H., & Sui, W. (2023) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12864 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Fuller, A., Byrne, R., Golley, R. K., & Trost, S. G. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-8041-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Parenting and Child Behaviour Barriers to Managing Screen Time With Young Children
Halpin, S., Mitchell, A. E., Baker, S., & Morawska, A. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01881-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Association of screen time and sleep duration among Spanish 1‐14 years old children
Cartanyà‐Hueso, À., Lidón‐Moyano, C., Martín‐Sánchez, J. C., González‐Marrón, A., Santander, N. M., Catalina, Q. M., & Martínez-Sánchez, J. M. (2020) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12695 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ma, S., Li, J., & Chen, E. E. (2022) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409289.2022.2151401 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Past research has investigated the influence of screen media on children’s cognitive and physical development (Allen et al., 2015; Domingues-Montanari, 2017; Duch et al., 2013; Radesky & Christakis, 2016; Xu et al., 2015).”
BackgroundChang, F., Chiu, C., Chen, P., Miao, N., Chiang, J., & Chuang, H. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2017.0324 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ross, S. E. T., Macia, L., Documet, P. I., Escribano, C., Naderi, T. K., & Smith-Tapia, I. (2018) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2017.12.010 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Family Influence on Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Patterns in Oman
Yazeedi, B. M. A., Berry, D. C., Crandell, J., & Waly, M. I. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2020.07.012 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review
Pelegrini, A., Bim, M. A., de Souza, F. U., Kilim, K. S. D. S., & Pinto, A. D. A. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance · doi:10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e80352 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mallawaarachchi, S. R., Hooley, M., Sutherland‐Smith, W., & Horwood, S. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14459-0 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“, 2015 [14] for a review) and more recently contemporary screen media such as smartphones and tablets (e.”
BackgroundBassul, C., Corish, C. A., & Kearney, J. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041589 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“, having the confidence to say “No” when children ask for screen time [20].”
BackgroundYalçın, S. S., Tezol, Ö., Çaylan, N., Nergız, M. E., Yıldız, D., Çiçek, Ş., & Oflu, A. T. (2021) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02939-y · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Hoffmann, S., Sander, L., Wachtler, B., Blume, M., Schneider, S. O., Herke, M., Pischke, C. R., Fialho, P. M. M., Schuettig, W., Tallarek, M., et al. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12603-4 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Recent studies demonstrate the importance of parental role models in nutritional behaviour and physical activity that influences children’s health [26, 65, 66].”
BackgroundHinkley, T., Carson, V., Kalomakaefu, K., & Brown, H. L. (2017) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.04.015 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“…were chosen as covariates based on previous studies showing that child behaviors vary by age (Carson et al., 2014a), and parental education (Carson and Janssen, 2012; Wijtzes et al., 2012), and are likely to be associated with their parents' behaviors (Xu et al., 2015; Carson and Janssen, 2012).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialArundell, L., Veitch, J., Sahlqvist, S., Uddin, R., Ridgers, N. D., Salmon, J., Timperio, A. F., & Parker, K. E. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111335 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Previous research has shown parental rules and restrictions are associated with children’s screen time [35], and this is also evident during lockdown restrictions [15,36].”
BackgroundFamily-based obesity prevention for infants: Design of the “Mothers & Others” randomized trial
Wasser, H., Thompson, A. L., Suchindran, C., Hodges, E. A., Goldman, B. D., Perrin, E. M., Faith, M. S., Bulik, C. M., Heinig, M. J., & Bentley, M. E. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.06.002 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Prenatal Diet and Child Growth at 18 Months
Dodd, J. M., Louise, J., Deussen, A. R., McPhee, A. J., Owens, J. A., & Robinson, J. S. (2018) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-0035 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Esdaile, E. K., Thow, A. M., Gill, T. P., Sacks, G., Golley, R. K., Love, P., Wen, L. M., & Rissel, C. E. (2019) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12925 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationLindsay, A. C., Wasserman, M., Muñoz, M. A., Wallington, S. F., & Greaney, M. L. (2018) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/publichealth.8159 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Given the low prevalence rates of PA and high rates of SB among Latino children [46] and the increasing evidence linking parenting styles and practices to children’s PA and SB [17,23,27,31,32], the objectives of this integrative review were to: (1) evaluate existing research examining the associations between parentin…”
Social correlates of sedentary behavior in young people: The UP&DOWN study
Cabanas‐Sánchez, V., García‐Cervantes, L., Esteban‐Gonzalo, L., Girela‐Rejón, M. J., Castro‐Piñero, J., & Veiga, Ó. L. (2019) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.03.005 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“A recent systematic review consistently revealed that parents’ own TV time is positively associated with their child’s screen time.(7) Our findings support this statement, in that the TV time of parents was positively related with youths’ screen-based SB and TV time both in boys and girls.”
BackgroundResultKu, B., MacDonald, M., Hatfield, B. E., & Gunter, K. B. (2020) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.2019-0120 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lee, S., Kim, S., Suh, S. A., Han, H., Jung, J., Yang, S.-J., & Shin, Y. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12559-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“The parenting style of primary caregivers can affect children’s screen time in various aspects, including parenting practices, role modeling, parental perceptions of children’s screen viewing behaviors, parental self-efficacy, and general parenting style [20].”
BackgroundThe transmission of psychological distress and lifestyles from parents to children during COVID-19
Zhang, Y., Zhan, N., Zou, J., Xie, D., Liu, M., & Geng, F. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.007 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Parekh, N., Henriksson, P., Nyström, C. D., Silfvernagel, K., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., Pomeroy, J. J., & Löf, M. (2017) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198117714019 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…and consumption of fruits and vegetables (Campbell et al., 2010; Ice et al., 2014; Koh et al., 2014; Willis et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2015; Xu, Wen, Rissel, Flood, & Baur, 2013), it is noteworthy that none of these studies assessed body composition in the children;…”
BackgroundResultTuominen, P. P. A., Husu, P., Raitanen, J. A., Kujala, U. M., & Luoto, R. M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183317 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“(2014) reported that parent’s support for PA can increase their children’s PA, and the parent acting as a role model by watching less TV can lead to the decreased screen time of their children [25].”
Pyne, B., Asmara, O. J., & Morawska, A. (2025) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-025-00523-9 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“These findings are consistent with previous reviews (De Craemer et al., 2012; Duch et al., 2013; Kaur et al., 2019; Veldman et al., 2023; Xu et al., 2015), confirming the important role that parents play in modelling healthy screen use behaviours to their children.”
InfluentialRisk Factors for Obesity Among Children Aged 24 to 80 months in Korea: A Decision Tree Analysis
Lee, I.-S., Bang, K., Moon, H., & Kim, J. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2019.02.004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Cartanyà‐Hueso, À., González‐Marrón, A., Lidón‐Moyano, C., Garcia, E., Martín‐Sánchez, J. C., & Martínez-Sánchez, J. M. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9020228 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Lewis, L., Povey, R., Rose, S., Cowap, L., Semper, H., Carey, A., Bishop, J., & Clark-Carter, D. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101429 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Higher parental screen use, lower parental self-efficacy to reduce screen time and parental perceptions that screen time is helpful are all associated with increased screen time in young children (De Craemer et al., 2012; Duch and Harrington, 2013; Xu et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultCrotti, M., Rudd, J., Roberts, S., Boddy, L., Davies, K. F., O’Callaghan, L., Utesch, T., & Foweather, L. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8010049 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Possible explanations for a lack of an intervention effect could be the short duration of the intervention, the low autonomy of children in this age group over their spare time [100,101] and the lack of actions to target barriers to PA engagement [97].”
BackgroundVaughn, A., Bartlett, R., Luecking, C. T., Hennink-Kaminski, H. J., & Ward, D. S. (2018) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/iby082 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Rhodes, R. E., Quinlan, A., Naylor, P., Warburton, D. E. R., & Blanchard, C. M. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-019-00116-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Nally, S., Ridgers, N. D., Gallagher, A. M., MURPHY, M. H., Salmon, J., & Carlin, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.789259 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Li, X., Kearney, P. M., Keane, E., Harrington, J. M., & Fitzgerald, T. (2017) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2016-207691 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bays, H. E., Golden, A., & Tondt, J. (2022) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100034 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Peralta, A. R., Brazys, P. A., Hurtado, G. A., Larson, N., & Reicks, M. M. (2019) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198119878769 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Parent-child health- and weight-focused conversations: Who is saying what and to whom?
Winkler, M. R., Berge, J. M., Larson, N., Loth, K. A., Wall, M. M., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.023 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Latomme, J., Stappen, V. V., Cardon, G., Morgan, P. J., Lateva, M. P., Chakarova, N. Y., Kivelä, J., Lindström, J., Androutsos, O., González‐Gil, E. M., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15112599 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“It is widely accepted that parents play a key role in establishing healthy behaviours in their children [21], including screen time behaviours, and research has shown that parental factors, such as parental support and involvement, increases the effectiveness of interventions targeting screen time in children [22,23].”
BackgroundMeerits, P.-R., Tilga, H., & Koka, A. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16528-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
ACTIVE COMMUTING TO SCHOOL AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Pinto, A. D. A., Claumann, G. S., de Angelo, H. C. C., Menezes, E. C., Dias, D. T., & Pelegrini, A. (2017) · journal of physical education · doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v28i1.2859 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Stea, T. H., Haugen, T., Berntsen, S., Guttormsen, V., Øverby, N. C., Haraldstad, K., Meland, E., & Abildsnes, E. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3766-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Another systematic review reported that a reduction in screen time among parents may contribute to reducing screen time of their child and that parents’ encouragement and support may contribute to increasing their child’s PA [42].”
BackgroundUnderstanding the Role of Fathers in Children’s Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study
Neshteruk, C. D., Jones, D. J., Skinner, A. C., Ammerman, A. S., Tate, D. F., & Ward, D. S. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0386 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Lu, C., Shen, T., Huang, G., & Corpeleijn, E. (2020) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.010 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“A systematic review found that reducing the parents’ own screen time could lead to a decrease in the children’s screen time.(58) A study in Finland examined parental educational levels and preschoolers’ screen time and found that parental role models, attitudes, and norms were important mediators of preschoolers’ scre…”
BackgroundLifestyle Screening Tools for Children in the Community Setting: A Systematic Review
Krijger, A., ter Borg, S., Elstgeest, L. E. M., van Rossum, C. T. M., Verkaik-Kloosterman, J., Steenbergen, E., Raat, H., & Joosten, K. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14142899 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Psychological factors, such as parental attitudes towards healthy eating and self-efficacy to adhere to recommendations, are important [73].”
BackgroundWas sind die Einflussfaktoren kindlicher Adipositas?
Zeiher, J., Varnaccia, G., Jordan, S., & Lange, C. (2016) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-016-2441-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Ihr Verhalten, beispielsweise durch eine nur moderate Nutzung elektronischer Medien, eine ausgewogene Ernährung oder durch regelmäßige sportliche Aktivität, kannsichpositiv aufdasBewegungs-und Ernährungsverhalten ihrer Kinder auswirken und so der Entstehung von Adipositas entgegenwirken [64, 89, 90].”
BackgroundChildren at Risk of Specific Learning Disorder: A Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors
Bozatlı, L., Aykutlu, H. C., Giray, A. S., Ataş, T., Özkan, Ç., Yıldırım, B. G., & Görker, I. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11070759 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“In light of these findings, it has been reported that improving parental self-efficacy or changing parenting styles may be beneficial in increasing young children’s physical activity and reducing screen time [43].”
BackgroundNiermann, C. Y. N., Wagner, P., Ziegeldorf, A., & Wulff, H. (2020) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2020.1773901 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Systematic reviews have provided evidence for the association between parenting practices and physical activity (Sleddens et al., 2012; Trost et al., 2013; Verloigne et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2015), although the effect of some parenting practices is less clear.”
BackgroundHuo, J., Kuang, X., Xi, Y., Xiang, C., Yong, C., Liang, J., Zou, H., & Lin, Q. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14194086 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Welleducated primary caregivers can gain more knowledge about parenting and the dangers of screen time exposure; hence, they would set limits on screen time, resulting in better screen time management for preschoolers [50].”
BackgroundThe Current and Future Landscape of the Childhood Myopia Epidemic in China—A Review
Pan, W., & Lan, W. (2024) · Ophthalmology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40123-024-00887-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Matarma, T., Tammelin, T., Kulmala, J., Koski, P., Hurme, S. A. M., & Lagström, H. (2016) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2016.1193016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Engaging Fathers in the Promotion of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors
Arlinghaus, K. R., & Johnston, C. A. (2017) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827617690724 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- Xu, H., Wen, L. M., & Rissel, C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Tongji University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Huilan
- Venue
- Journal of Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 2015
- Pages
- 1-23
- ISSN
- 2090-0708 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-0716
- PMC
- PMC4383435
- OpenAlex
- W2014373317
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 2.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- parental influence, physical activity, screen time, sedentary behavior, young children, parenting practices, parental role modeling, parental self-efficacy, parenting styles
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Television, Time Factors, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Parenting, Video Games, Sedentary Behavior, Pediatric Obesity
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