Psychological and occupational impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK surgeons: a qualitative investigation
Open accessAbstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic represents the greatest biopsychosocial emergency the world has faced for a century. The pandemic has changed how individuals live and work, and in particular, frontline healthcare professionals have been exposed to alarming levels of stress. Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the professional and personal effects of COVID-19 pandemic on surgeons working in the UK National Health Service (NHS). Setting: Surgical departments in the NHS. Design: Between May and July 2020, as part of an ongoing study, we asked surgeons two open-ended questions: ‘What challenges are the COVID-19 crisis currently presenting to you in your work and home life?’ and ‘How is this stress affecting you personally?’ Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. Responses to the second question were also categorised into four groups reflecting valence: positive, neutral, mildly negative and strongly negative. Results: A total of 141 surgeons responded to the survey and the results indicated that 85.8% reported that they were generally negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 7.8% were strongly affected in a negative way. Qualitative thematic analysis identified four key themes from responses relating to the impact of the pandemic: (1) changing and challenging work environment as a result of COVID-19; (2) challenges to professional life and development; (3) management of change and loss in the respondents’ personal lives; (4) emotional and psychological impacts. Conclusion: The results highlighted the substantial emotional and psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgeons’ mental health, particularly in relation to fear and anxiety, loss of motivation, low mood, stress and burnout. There is an urgent need for workplace support and mental health interventions to help surgeons cope with the difficulties they face during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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In the UK, one in three NHS staff suffered mental health issues related to the pandemic.
“recent reports in the UK suggest that one in three NHS staff suffered mental health issues related to the pandemic (Al-Ghunaim et al., 2021; Cullen et al., 2020; Pfefferbaum et al., 2020).”
From Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the role of psychological flexibility and stress-related variables. (2023) · cites this paper as Al-Ghunaim et al., 2021
The Introduction reports pandemic-related depression, stress and anxiety among NHS workers, but gives no one-in-three figure for NHS staff during the pandemic. Its one-third figure refers instead to burnout or exhaustion among surgeons surveyed in a separate study; the paper does not link that figure to the pandemic. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Al-Ghunaim, T. A., Johnson, J., Biyani, C. S., & O’Connor, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- St James's University Hospital (GB)
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Corresponding author
- Al-Ghunaim, Tmam Abdulaziz
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2021-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e045699
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8024056
- OpenAlex
- W3144188424
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10
- FWCI
- 6.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Challenges
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, surgeons, occupational stress, mental health, burnout, anxiety, work-life balance, professional development, workplace support, National Health Service, healthcare workers
- MeSH terms
- Occupational Stress, COVID-19, United Kingdom, Humans, Mental Health, State Medicine, Pandemics, Surgeons
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