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Health effects of climate change: an overview of systematic reviews

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Rocque, Rhea J, Beaudoin, Caroline, Ndjaboue, Ruth, Cameron, Laura, Poirier-Bergeron, Louann, Poulin-Rheault, Rose-Alice, Fallon, Catherine, Tricco, Andrea C +1 more·2021·BMJ Open
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046333PMC PMC8191619

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Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to develop a systematic synthesis of systematic reviews of health impacts of climate change, by synthesising studies’ characteristics, climate impacts, health outcomes and key findings. Design: We conducted an overview of systematic reviews of health impacts of climate change. We registered our review in PROSPERO (CRD42019145972). No ethical approval was required since we used secondary data. Additional data are not available. Data sources: On 22 June 2019, we searched Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria: We included systematic reviews that explored at least one health impact of climate change. Data extraction and synthesis: We organised systematic reviews according to their key characteristics, including geographical regions, year of publication and authors’ affiliations. We mapped the climate effects and health outcomes being studied and synthesised major findings. We used a modified version of A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) to assess the quality of studies. Results: We included 94 systematic reviews. Most were published after 2015 and approximately one-fifth contained meta-analyses. Reviews synthesised evidence about five categories of climate impacts; the two most common were meteorological and extreme weather events. Reviews covered 10 health outcome categories; the 3 most common were (1) infectious diseases, (2) mortality and (3) respiratory, cardiovascular or neurological outcomes. Most reviews suggested a deleterious impact of climate change on multiple adverse health outcomes, although the majority also called for more research. Conclusions: Most systematic reviews suggest that climate change is associated with worse human health. This study provides a comprehensive higher order summary of research on health impacts of climate change. Study limitations include possible missed relevant reviews, no meta-meta-analyses, and no assessment of overlap. Future research could explore the potential explanations between these associations to propose adaptation and mitigation strategies and could include broader sociopsychological health impacts of climate change.

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  • Buyout programs initiated in response to repeated disasters have a variety of disparate impacts on low-income residents and residents of color.

    “Similarly, buyout programs initiated in response to repeated disasters have a variety of disparate impacts on low-income residents and residents of color.198”

    From NPCC4: Advancing climate justice in climate adaptation strategies for New York City (2024) · cites this paper as [198]

    The Results (Summary of findings) discuss health effects of extreme weather, and the Conclusions note that climate change may exacerbate health inequities. Neither passage addresses disaster buyout programs or their impacts on low-income residents and residents of color. Searches for buyouts, relocation, displacement, and racial disparities found no passage that does. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Rocque, R. J., Beaudoin, C., Ndjaboue, R., Cameron, L., Poirier-Bergeron, L., Poulin-Rheault, R.-A., Fallon, C., Tricco, A. C., & Witteman, H. O.
Affiliations
  • Prairie Climate Centre, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
  • Université Laval (CA)
  • Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
  • The University of Winnipeg (CA)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
ORCID
Venue
BMJ Open
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2021-06
Volume
11
Issue
6
Pages
e046333
ISSN
2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046333
PMC
PMC8191619
OpenAlex
W3170823246
Cited by
932
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 139 · 2025: 221 · 2024: 185 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 201 · 2014: 1
FWCI
13.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148426)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Environmental Impact
Keywords
climate change, health impacts of climate change, systematic reviews, extreme weather events, weather events, infectious diseases, mortality, respiratory outcomes, cardiovascular outcomes, neurological outcome, climate change adaptation, climate change mitigation
MeSH terms
Systematic Reviews as Topic, Humans, Climate Change

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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