The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical review of user engagement with mental health smartphone apps: evidence, theory and improvements
Open accessAbstract
The potential of smartphone apps to improve quality and increase access to mental health care is increasingly clear. Yet even in the current global mental health crisis, real-world uptake of smartphone apps by clinics or consumers remains low. To understand this dichotomy, this paper reviews current challenges surrounding user engagement with mental health smartphone apps. While smartphone engagement metrics and reporting remains heterogeneous in the literature, focusing on themes offers a framework to identify underlying trends. These themes suggest that apps are not designed with service users in mind, do not solve problems users care most about, do not respect privacy, are not seen as trustworthy and are unhelpful in emergencies. Respecting these current issues surrounding mental health app engagement, we propose several solutions and highlight successful examples of mental health apps with high engagement. Further research is necessary to better characterise engagement with mental health apps and identify best practices for design, testing and implementation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This multi-modal approach allows for personal engagement and also increases the utilization of digitally delivered interventions, which have been demonstrated to have a steep drop off in utilization when delivered alone [54].”
From Skills to Enhance Positivity in adolescents at risk for suicide: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as [54]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Patient adherence may also be improved by providing evidence-based solutions such as 24/7 access to educational information and resources, personalized support, and targeted interventions and skills training via technology (eg, apps or websites) [21,35] in the comfort of their own homes [20,30].”
From A Digital Mental Health Support Program for Depression and Anxiety in Populations With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Feasibility and Usability Study (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Digital interventions have the potential to evoke changes unavailable in traditional methods because of the ability to design personalized treatment models and measure engagement [28-30].”
From A Digital Mental Health Support Program for Depression and Anxiety in Populations With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Feasibility and Usability Study (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Even when the app is downloaded, studies show that some users never use it, and those who engage with the app are unlikely to do so more than a few times, showing a decrease in use over time [49,50].”
From App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Given the evidence of low treatment adherence in self-directed app-based mindfulness meditation [49-51], we will use a combination of app and text messaging reminders.”
From App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Issues of treatment adherence are significant considering extensive evidence of low enrollment, poor use, and high attrition rates in self-directed app-based interventions [49-51].”
From App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“although some limitations have been found, mainly regarding low engagement by users and low completion rates [15,16].”
From Engagement and effectiveness of a healthy-coping intervention via chatbot for university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mixed methods proof-of-concept study (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Others suggest offering a challenge may improve engagement over short periods, thereby allowing some therapeutic benefit and the potential for developing it into a habit [58].”
From Feasibility and Acceptability of the Aboriginal and Islander Mental Health Initiative for Youth App: Nonrandomized Pilot With First Nations Young People (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Issues with intervention engagement are not restricted to digital interventions, and similar challenges can occur with face-to-face delivery [58].”
From Feasibility and Acceptability of the Aboriginal and Islander Mental Health Initiative for Youth App: Nonrandomized Pilot With First Nations Young People (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“if the tool is not used for a recommended period, it is unlikely that it will have the intended effect [17,18]”
From Optimization of a Transdiagnostic Mobile Emotion Regulation Intervention for University Students: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A range of factors can influence engagement with DMHIs, such as the relevance of information to the user provided by a digital intervention [13], a lack of user motivation to persist with a self-guided intervention [14], and poor user experience with the technology [15].”
From Barriers to and facilitators of user engagement with digital mental health interventions: Systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A previous review of user engagement with mental health apps theorized that one reason for low engagement is that these apps do not consider user privacy [15].”
From Barriers to and facilitators of user engagement with digital mental health interventions: Systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, there is little consensus on the usability and effectiveness of such systems [13].”
From A conversational artificial intelligence agent for a mental health care app: Evaluation study of its participatory design (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Low engagement—defined as suboptimal levels of user access and/or adherence to an intervention (12)—is touted as one of the main reasons why the potential benefits of these interventions remain unrealized in the real world (13, 14).”
From Effect of Engagement With Digital Interventions on Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“most general mental health care apps face difficulty sustaining engagement with high dropout”
From A Therapeutic Relational Agent for Reducing Problematic Substance Use (Woebot): Development and Usability Study (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Several factors contribute to low DMHI engagement, including technical issues, motivation issues, and a lack of user-driven design [11,25,31,32].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome.
Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357 · Cited by 1,621
Health App Use Among US Mobile Phone Owners: A National Survey
Krebs, P., & Duncan, D. T. (2015) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.4924 · Cited by 1,274
Firth, J., Torous, J., Nicholas, J., Carney, R., Pratap, A., Rosenbaum, S., & Sarris, J. (2017) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20472 · Cited by 1,097
Self-citationMental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments
Bakker, D., Kazantzis, N., Rickwood, D., & Rickard, N. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4984 · Cited by 886
Firth, J., Torous, J., Nicholas, J., Carney, R., Rosenbaum, S., & Sarris, J. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.046 · Cited by 675
Self-citationInfluence of Pokémon Go on Physical Activity: Study and Implications
Althoff, T., White, R. W., & Horvitz, E. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6759 · Cited by 584
Health Literacy and Health Information Technology Adoption: The Potential for a New Digital Divide
Mackert, M., Mabry-Flynn, A., Champlin, S., Donovan, E. E., & Pounders, K. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6349 · Cited by 503
Review and evaluation of mindfulness-based iPhone apps
Mani, M., Kavanagh, D. J., Hides, L., & Stoyanov, S. R. (2015) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.4328 · Cited by 495
Mobile Apps for Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review of Features and Content Quality
Nicholas, J., Larsen, M. E., Proudfoot, J., & Christensen, H. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4581 · Cited by 438
Self-citationGilbody, S., Littlewood, E., Hewitt, C., Brierley, G., Tharmanathan, P., Araya, R., Barkham, M., Bower, P., Cooper, C., Gask, L., et al. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h5627 · Cited by 409
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 787
Designing for Engagement in Digital Mental Health Services
Oewel, B. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715668.3735621 · Cited by 3
The journey of playing: a qualitative evaluation of ‘Maze Out,’ a serious game for eating disorders
Guala, M. M., Nielsen, H. N., Bul, K., Clinton, D. N., Scarpelli, M., Christiansen, R., Skårderud, F., & Nielsen, A. S. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01306-x · Cited by 3
Barkley, C., Nyakonda, C. N., Kuthyola, K., Ndlovu, P., Lee, D., Dallos, A., Kofi-Armah, D., Obeng, P., & Merrill, K. G. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22081281 · Cited by 3
When Play Store Knows How to Deal with Your Kid: Trust in Digital Counselling
Strehlke, E., Bromme, R., Scholz, S., & Kärtner, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72945-5_11 · Cited by 4
Apps y Medicina: una visión global y la situación chilena
Tala, Á., Vásquez, E., Rojas, E., & Marín, R. (2022) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872022000200206 · Cited by 3
Olugboyega, O., Ilesanmi, K. E., Oseghale, G., & Aigbavboa, C. (2022) · Construction Innovation · doi:10.1108/ci-04-2022-0094 · Cited by 1
Quirk, H. D., Nagar, R., & Anderson, P. L. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2198033 · Cited by 3
On the Difficulty of Predicting Engagement with Digital Health for Substance Use
Günther, F., Yau, C., Elison, S., & Wong, D. (2023) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/shti230319 · Cited by 3
Henry, L. M., & Compas, B. E. (2023) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.09.006 · Cited by 6
Alfaro, A. J., Wielgosz, J., Kuhn, E. R., Carlson, C., & Gould, C. E. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23636 · Cited by 4
Siriaraya, P., Tanaka, R., She, W. J., Jain, R., Schok, M., Ruiter, M. D., Desmet, P., & Nakajima, S. (2024) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iwae014 · Cited by 3
Text2whaiora after a suicide attempt: Text message design alongside people with lived experience
Ng, L. L., Diamond, D., & Ang, M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306801 · Cited by 3
Mayer, G., Hummel, S., Gronewold, N., Oetjen, N., Hilbel, T., & Schultz, J. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/29615 · Cited by 3
Moltrecht, B., Patalay, P., Bear, H. A., Deighton, J., & Edbrooke-Childs, J. H. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ks7ag · Cited by 3
Bradley, D. F., Ching, T. H. W., Languido, L., & Brady, R. E. (2023) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.11.006 · Cited by 3
Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K. E., Sullivan, B. M., Prochaska, J. J., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bricker, J. B. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/1055801 · Cited by 3
“Considering that engagement with an app-based intervention is a strong predictor of smoking cessation [49, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89], it remains plausible that reduced engagement with the iCanQuit app contributed, at least partially, to the diminished odds of quitting smoking among participants with two…”
Günther, F., Wong, D., Elison, S., & Yau, C. (2023) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad072 · Cited by 2
González-Spinoglio, L., Monistrol-Mula, A., Vindrola‐Padros, C., Aguilar-Ortiz, S., Carreras, B., Haro, J. M., & Félez-Nóbrega, M. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/47546 · Cited by 2
Kermani, F., Mahmoodi, M., Nasiri, M. R., & Orooji, A. (2025) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2025.105842 · Cited by 2
Development of a Digital Companion for Employee Well-Being: A Mixed Methods Approach
Duggirala, M., Naik, V., Mohan, A., Patel, S., & Athavale, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-0108-0_12 · Cited by 3
Meuldijk, D., Deady, M., Collins, D., Williams, D. O., Bryant, R. A., & Harvey, S. B. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/50995 · Cited by 2
Wu, L., Pan, J., Dou, C., Gu, A., Huang, A., Tao, H., Wang, X., Zhang, C., & Wang, L. (2025) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/69637 · Cited by 2
Laure, T., Meija, C. V., Remmerswaal, D., Dulloo, D., der Hallen, R. V., Mayer, B., Littel, M., Dierckx, B., Legerstee, J. S., Engels, R. C. M. E., et al. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/63325 · Cited by 2
Enhancing digital mental health platforms: a usability exploration with ergonomics design students
Ngabo-Woods, H., Dunai, L., & Verdú, I. S. (2025) · Mental Health and Digital Technologies · doi:10.1108/mhdt-01-2025-0002 · Cited by 2
How Engagement Changes Over Time in a Digital Eating Disorder App: Observational Study
Flatt, R. E., Thornton, L. M., Tregarthen, J., Argue, S., & Bulik, C. M. (2025) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/68824 · Cited by 2
Hansen, A. B., Zabell, V., Juel, A., Berring, L. L., Tarnow, L., & Austin, S. F. (2025) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2025.2530629 · Cited by 2
Data-driven ethical guidelines for digitized mental health services: principal components analysis
Bapat, C., & Jog, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Human Dynamics · doi:10.3389/fhumd.2025.1549325 · Cited by 2
Wang, A. Y., Vereschagin, M., Richardson, C. G., Munthali, R. J., Xie, H. W., Hudec, K. L., Mori, T., Munro, L., & Vigo, D. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-025-00688-4 · Cited by 2
Sethi, M. I. S., Manickam, T., Chakraborty, T., & Math, S. B. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/75616 · Cited by 2
Hu, X., Jia, L., Zhu, Y., Chang, Y., Takahashi, K., & Zhu, Y. (2025) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-05-2025-0662 · Cited by 2
Leveraging Technology to Enhance Eating Disorder Treatment Outcomes
Howe, C. P., D’Adamo, L., & Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E. (2026) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2025.08.015 · Cited by 2
Mazuz, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1737779 · Cited by 2
Bastoni, S., Doğan, K., & Kelders, S. M. (2026) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2026.2619650 · Cited by 2
Tyler, N., Croke, S., Low, C.-N., Cassidy, N., Gkintoni, E., McMillan, B., & Panagioti, M. (2026) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.70598 · Cited by 2
Technological Interventions for Anxiety Disorders
Baños, R., Vara, M. D., Mira, A., García‐Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00008-x · Cited by 2
Tael‐Öeren, M., Jordan, I., Coughlin, D., & Turnbull, S. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/25715 · Cited by 2
Development of a theoretically and empirically grounded emotion knowledge training for the young
Hovasapian, A., Huyghe, V. E. I., Schlegel, K., & Fontaine, J. R. J. (2022) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.14391.1 · Cited by 1
Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavior Interventions for University Students: a Systematic Review
Ledur, B., Schmitt, M., Rossa, I., & Andretta, I. (2023) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-023-00310-x · Cited by 2
Codesign of Digital Health Tools for Suicide Prevention: A Scoping Review
Wepa, D., Neal, M., Abo-Gazala, W., Cusworth, S., Hargan, J., Mistry, M., Vaughan, J., Giles, S., & Khan, M. (2023) · British journal of healthcare and medical research · doi:10.14738/bjhmr.105.15365 · Cited by 1
Corthésy-Blondin, L., Lemyre, A., Poitras, M., & Guay, S. (2023) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000121 · Cited by 2
Introducing Mental Health Apps
Goodings, L., Ellis, D., & Tucker, I. M. (2024) · Palgrave Studies in Cyberpsychology. · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-53911-4_1 · Cited by 2
Bannigan, G., McGrath, D., Matthews, J. J., & Duignan, C. (2024) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-024-03014-w · Cited by 2
Wegener, M., Sims, K., Brooks, R. P., Nichols, L., Sideleau, R. J., McKay, S. E., & Villanueva, M. S. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/52729 · Cited by 2
Yu, L. Q., Amato, M. S., Papandonatos, G. D., Cha, S., & Graham, A. L. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/54248 · Cited by 2
Kinser, P. A., Moyer, S. W., Jones, H. A., Jallo, N., Popoola, A., Thacker, L. R., Russell, S., Olavesen, E. S., Sundrehagen, T., Hare, M. M., et al. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000138 · Cited by 2
Bondre, A. P., Ranjan, A., Shrivastava, R., Tugnawat, D. K., Chaturvedi, N., Bhan, A., Gupta, S., Rozatkar, A. R., Nagendra, S., Dutt, S., et al. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/67745 · Cited by 2
Self-citationAspect of Artificial Intelligence in Dealing with Mental Health Disorders in Adolescents
Mehndiratta, V., Srivastava, S., & Arora, N. R. (2025) · Frontiers of artificial intelligence, ethics and multidisciplinary applications. · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8456-4_2 · Cited by 2
Stenzel, L., Röcken, M., Thrien, H., & Stoll, O. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie · doi:10.1026/1612-5010/a000315 · Cited by 2
m-Health, Smartphones, and Apps for Behavioral Health: Human Factors for All Users
Krupinski, E. A. (2019) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-019-00092-z · Cited by 2
Köhnen, M., Dirmaier, J., & Härter, M. C. (2021) · PPH · doi:10.1055/a-1276-7296 · Cited by 2
Des repères pour la conception des apps ?
Khazaal, Y., Potvin, S., Pennou, A., Djomo, W., Borgeat, F., & Lecomte, T. (2021) · Santé mentale au Québec · doi:10.7202/1081512ar · Cited by 4
Halverson, T. F., Browne, J., Thomas, S. M., Palenski, P. E., & Vilardaga, R. (2022) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2022.100236 · Cited by 2
Magwood, O., Saad, A., Ranger, D., Volpini, K., Rukikamirera, F., Haridas, R., Sayfi, S., Alexander, J., Tan, Y., Petkovic, J., et al. (2022) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.1222 · Cited by 1
Fernández‐Felipe, I., Guillén, V., Castilla, D., Haro, M. V. N., & García‐Palacios, A. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100546 · Cited by 2
Pope, L. G., Warnock, A., Perry, T. H., Langlois, S., Anderson, S., Boswell, T., Appelbaum, P. S., Dixon, L. B., Watson, A. C., & Compton, M. T. (2022) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115178 · Cited by 3
Toyama, M., Cavero, V., Araya, R., Menezes, P. R., Mohr, D. C., Miranda, J. J., & Diez‐Canseco, F. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.35486 · Cited by 2
Perspectives on Mental Health Digital Platforms: A Usability Study with Ergonomics Design StudentsPreprint
Ngabo-Woods, H. (2023) · doi:10.33774/coe-2023-zb8xg-v2 · Cited by 1
Aparicio, L. V. M., Luethi, M. S., Borrione, L., Moran, N. K. S., Cavendish, B. A., Silva, V. A., Valiengo, L., Goerigk, S., Padberg, F., Razza, L. B., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120548 · Cited by 1
Eylem-van Bergeijk, O., Robinson, T., Manktelow, M., Olympios, M., Poulter, S., Mane, P., Panagioti, M., Condell, J., & Leavey, G. (2025) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/70691 · Cited by 2
Yingta, N., Abdelnour-Nocera, J., Brew, O., & Rehman, I. U. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85607-6_37 · Cited by 1
Rezaee, R., Ghaffari, M., Rabiei, R., Kavousi, A., & Rakhshanderou, S. (2024) · Journal of Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-024-00801-2 · Cited by 1
Thornton, L. K., Corliss, C., Deen, H., Teesson, M., Champion, K. E., Partridge, S. R., Heinsch, M., Spring, B. J., Gardner, L. A., Rickwood, D., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20124-5 · Cited by 1
Kounidas, G., Cleer, I., Harriss, E., Harrison, R., & Matin, R. (2024) · Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1093/ced/llae378 · Cited by 2
Temkin, A. B., Ayaz, A., Blicker, E., Liu, M. X., Oh, A., Siegel, I. E., Seewald, M. J., Hermann, A. D., Givrad, S., Baez, L. M., et al. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/59461 · Cited by 1
Digital interventions for mental health care
Naslund, J. A., & Babalola, D. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15728-8.00023-9 · Cited by 1
Lattie, E. G., Beltzer, M., Varra, A. A., Chen, C., & Lungu, A. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/68249 · Cited by 3
Wang, S., Huang, J., Sawhney, A., Liu, X., Zhong, C., Lin, J., Hang, J., Zhong, C. C., Yuan, J., & Wong, M. C. S. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70758 · Cited by 2
Lakhan, S. E. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.84710 · Cited by 2
Thapar, S., Quesada, D., & Knaüper, B. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/69532 · Cited by 2
Consumer Involvement in the Co-Design of Diabetes Self-Management Smartphone Apps: A Scoping Review
Martin, C. L., Bakker, C., Sarkar, S., Kang, R. M., Reid, N., Chih, M., Sittig, S., Gao, G., Smith, C., Morse, B., et al. (2025) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/a-2564-7682 · Cited by 1
Garrido, S., O'Keeffe, Z., Chmiel, A., Boydell, K., Doran, B., & Nguyễn, Q. V. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1568958 · Cited by 1
Dowling, N. A., Merkouris, S., Greenwood, C., Youssef, G. J., Thomas, A. C., Hawker, C. O., Lubman, D. I., & Rodda, S. N. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.1186/s13722-025-00608-4 · Cited by 2
Wruk, A., & Ding, X. (2025) · Biannual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter (CHItaly) · doi:10.1145/3750069.3750108 · Cited by 1
Wang, R., Zhang, K., Wang, Y., Brown, K. R., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746394 · Cited by 4
Anderson, B., & Bloxom, Q. (2025) · Journal of Poverty · doi:10.1080/10875549.2025.2575377 · Cited by 1
Ramia, J. A., Khoury, S., Armani, N., Cuijpers, P. J., Carswell, K., Hof, E. V., Zoghbi, E., Sijbrandij, M., & Chammay, R. E. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1665093 · Cited by 1
Linardon, J. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.70015 · Cited by 1
Simbula, S., & Herold, M. (2025) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-025-00583-2 · Cited by 2
Goldschmidt, A. B., Ortega, A., Rooper, I. R., Obleada, K. T., Chapa, D. A. N., Silverberg, B., Stalvey, E., Camino, M. K., Levine, M. D., Yu, L., et al. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2025.108192 · Cited by 1
Carrotte, E. R., Bellairs-Walsh, I., Hetrick, S. E., Robinson, J., & Bailey, E. (2026) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.70572 · Cited by 1
Addanki, S., Macedo, L., MacDermid, J. C., & Moll, S. E. (2026) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/57046 · Cited by 1
Lukka, L., Karhulahti, V., & Palva, J. M. (2026) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/69236 · Cited by 1
Farrand, P. A., Bacon, A., Janbakhsh, M., Flay, N., Turnbull, E., & Baker, J. (2026) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/84365 · Cited by 1
McAlpine, R. G., Jaglinska, M., Jedlovszky, K., Kuc, J., Castro, A., Piot, A., Timmermann, C., Skipper, J. I., Sacchet, M. D., & Kamboj, S. K. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-107512 · Cited by 1
Connolly, S. L., & Torous, J. B. (2026) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-026-00619-1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationProchaska, J. J., Wang, M., Chieng, A., Moore, J. B., Vogel, E. A., Baiocchi, M., Pajarito, S., Pirner, M., Bullard, L., Darcy, A. M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2026.209993 · Cited by 1
Tang, Y., Gierc, M. S. H., Liu, S., Lam, R. W. M., Puterman, E. M., & Faulkner, G. (2026) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/79033 · Cited by 1
Luo, Y., Inoue, K., Tajika, A., Toyomoto, R., Sakata, M., Akechi, T., Horikoshi, M., Noma, H., & Furukawa, T. A. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726104279 · Cited by 1
Li, Z., Chang, Y., Jia, L., Yan, C., & Yan, Z. (2026) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-01-2024-0044 · Cited by 1
Engagement with the national electronic health records by people with Parkinson's disease
Giraitis, M., Schwaninger, I., Paccoud, I., Fomo, M., Conde, P. M., Wollscheid-Lengeling, E., Eskofier, B., Torous, J. B., Krüger, R., & Klucken, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1817635 · Cited by 1
Self-citationBolea-Alamanac, B. M., Hidalgo‐Mazzei, D., Geddes, J. R., Kas, M. J., Kuntsi, J., Matura, S., Ruf, A., Vieta, E., Auriacombe, M., Bauer, M., et al. (2026) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112883 · Cited by 1
Pine, A. E., Gum, M. A., Liu, M. M., & Mcguire, J. F. (2026) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-026-00579-1 · Cited by 1
Family digital mental health interventions: aligning design and systemic practice principles
Welsh, E. T., Boyd, J., Cloud, Z. C. G., Cordukes, K., Charles, N., & McIntosh, J. (2026) · Mental Health and Digital Technologies · doi:10.1108/mhdt-03-2026-0021 · Cited by 1
Huang, X., & Ma, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1907690 · Cited by 1
Salgado, J., Gomes, M., Csabai, M., Daele, T. V., Doyle, F., Eimontas, J., Elster, R. N., Gosar, D., Haddouk, L., Karekla, M., et al. (2026) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000588 · Cited by 1
Seamful Design Considerations for Human-in-the-Loop Digital Phenotyping of Mental Health
Swain, V. D., Tongtawee, T., Wang, O., Hsu, J., Jacobson, N. C., & Mishra, V. (2026) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3832021 · Cited by 2
Using Social Media to Support Requirements Gathering When Users are Not Available
Scanlan, J. D., de Salas, K., Lim, D., & Roehrer, E. (2022) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2022.516 · Cited by 1
Jaworski, B. K., Taylor, K. L., Ramsey, K. M., Heinz, A. J., Steinmetz, S. E., Owen, J. E., Tsai, J., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/36217 · Cited by 1
A Comparative Utility Score for Digital Health Tools
Burton, J. C., Regala, S., Williams, D., Desai, A., He, H., Aalami, O., Mariano, E. R., Stafford, R. S., & Mudumbai, S. C. (2022) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-022-01821-3 · Cited by 1
An App-Based Loving-Kindness Training to Facilitate Compassion, Team Cohesion, and Fairness
Stenzel, L., Konsemüller, M., Tan, S. L., Röcken, M., Borgmann, S., Thomsen, N., & Stoll, O. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie · doi:10.1026/1612-5010/a000345 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Torous, J., Nicholas, J., Larsen, M. E., Firth, J., & Christensen, H.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Black Dog Institute (AU)
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Torous, John
- Venue
- Evidence Based Mental Health
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2018-06-05
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 116-119
- ISSN
- 1362-0347 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-960X
- PMC
- PMC10270395
- OpenAlex
- W2806313543
- Cited by
- 790
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 99 · 2025: 135 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 8.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Evidence-Based Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH116130)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Keywords
- mental health apps, mobile application, user engagement, engagement metrics, mobile application design, privacy, trust, emergency relief, digital mental health, app uptake
- MeSH terms
- Smartphone, Mental Disorders, Humans, Mental Health Services, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Participation, Mobile Applications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
