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Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: a balance of relationship and rigour
Open accessAbstract
Semistructured in-depth interviews are commonly used in qualitative research and are the most frequent qualitative data source in health services research. This method typically consists of a dialogue between researcher and participant, guided by a flexible interview protocol and supplemented by follow-up questions, probes and comments. The method allows the researcher to collect open-ended data, to explore participant thoughts, feelings and beliefs about a particular topic and to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues. The purpose of this article was to identify and describe the essential skills to designing and conducting semistructured interviews in family medicine and primary care research settings. We reviewed the literature on semistructured interviewing to identify key skills and components for using this method in family medicine and primary care research settings. Overall, semistructured interviewing requires both a relational focus and practice in the skills of facilitation. Skills include: (1) determining the purpose and scope of the study; (2) identifying participants; (3) considering ethical issues; (4) planning logistical aspects; (5) developing the interview guide; (6) establishing trust and rapport; (7) conducting the interview; (8) memoing and reflection; (9) analysing the data; (10) demonstrating the trustworthiness of the research; and (11) presenting findings in a paper or report. Semistructured interviews provide an effective and feasible research method for family physicians to conduct in primary care research settings. Researchers using semistructured interviews for data collection should take on a relational focus and consider the skills of interviewing to ensure quality. Semistructured interviewing can be a powerful tool for family physicians, primary care providers and other health services researchers to use to understand the thoughts, beliefs and experiences of individuals. Despite the utility, semistructured interviews can be intimidating and challenging for researchers not familiar with qualitative approaches. In order to elucidate this method, we provide practical guidance for researchers, including novice researchers and those with few resources, to use semistructured interviewing as a data collection strategy. We provide recommendations for the essential steps to follow in order to best implement semistructured interviews in family medicine and primary care research settings.
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“Individual semi-structured interviews enabled consistent exploration of common topics while allowing follow-up questions when participants introduced unexpected examples or distinctions (DeJonckheere & Vaughn, 2019).”
From Between Co-Intelligence and Cognitive Offloading: Educators’ Perspectives from Dutch Academic Medical Settings on Generative AI, Critical Thinking, and Adult Professional Learning (2026) · cites this paper as DeJonckheere & Vaughn, 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- DeJonckheere, M., & Vaughn, L. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- DeJonckheere, Melissa
- Venue
- Family Medicine and Community Health
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e000057
- ISSN
- 2009-8774 (ISSN-L)
- 2305-6983
- PMC
- PMC6910737
- OpenAlex
- W2942286908
- Cited by
- 1,898
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 304 · 2025: 356 · 2024: 378 · 2023: 341 · 2022: 267 · 2021: 171 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 14
- FWCI
- 258.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Family Medicine and Community Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- in-depth interviews, primary care research, family medicine research, interview skills, rapport building, trustworthiness, interview guide development, qualitative data collection, researcher-participant relationship, research ethics
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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