Activation of innate-adaptive immune machinery by poly(I:C) exposes a therapeutic vulnerability to prevent relapse in stroma-rich colon cancer
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Stroma-rich tumours represent a poor prognostic subtype in stage II/III colon cancer (CC), with high relapse rates and limited response to standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Design: To address the lack of efficacious therapeutic options for patients with stroma-rich CC, we stratified our human tumour cohorts according to stromal content, enabling identification of the biology underpinning relapse and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities specifically within stroma-rich tumours that could be exploited clinically. Following human tumour-based discovery and independent clinical validation, we use a series of in vitro and stroma-rich in vivo models to test and validate the therapeutic potential of elevating the biology associated with reduced relapse in human tumours. Results: By performing our analyses specifically within the stroma-rich/high-fibroblast (HiFi) subtype of CC, we identify and validate the clinical value of a HiFi-specific prognostic signature (HPS), which stratifies tumours based on STAT1-related signalling (High-HPS v Low-HPS=HR 0.093, CI 0.019 to 0.466). Using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate that the HPS is associated with antigen processing and presentation within discrete immune lineages in stroma-rich CC, downstream of double-stranded RNA and viral response signalling. Treatment with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) elevated the HPS signalling and antigen processing phenotype across in vitro and in vivo models. In an in vivo model of stroma-rich CC, poly(I:C) treatment significantly increased systemic cytotoxic T cell activity (p<0.05) and reduced liver metastases (p<0.0002). Conclusion: This study reveals new biological insight that offers a novel therapeutic option to reduce relapse rates in patients with the worst prognosis CC.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The pro-inflammatory TLR3 agonist poly I:C augmented the antitumour immune response in a mouse model of stroma-rich metastatic colorectal cancer, and a TLR3-related gene expression signature associated with a better prognosis of patients with stroma-rich colorectal cancer.
“For example, the pro-inflammatory Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) augmented the antitumour immune response in a mouse model of stroma-rich metastatic CRC and a TLR3-related gene expression signature associated with a better prognosis of patients with stroma-rich CRC.175”
From Current and emerging concepts for systemic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (2025) · cites this paper as [175]
The stroma-rich hallmark of CMS4 colorectal cancer may represent a promising therapeutic vulnerability.
“Thus, the stroma-rich hallmark of CMS4 colorectal cancer may represent a promising therapeutic vulnerability, as suggested by Dunne and colleagues (73).”
From Clinical Challenges of Consensus Molecular Subtype CMS4 Colon Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine (2024) · cites this paper as [73]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012
Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Dikshit, R., Eser, S., Mathers, C., Rebelo, M., Parkin, D. M., Forman, D., & Bray, F. (2015) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.29210 · Cited by 28,766 · see citing works
The Molecular Signatures Database Hallmark Gene Set Collection
Liberzon, A., Birger, C., Thorvaldsdóttir, H., Ghandi, M., Mesirov, J. P., & Tamayo, P. (2015) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2015.12.004 · Cited by 13,807 · see citing works
Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles
Newman, A. M., Liu, C. L., Green, M. R., Gentles, A. J., Feng, W., Xu, Y., Hoang, C. D., Diehn, M., & Alizadeh, A. A. (2015) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3337 · Cited by 12,116 · see citing works
Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data
Yoshihara, K., Shahmoradgoli, M., Martínez, E., Vegesna, R., Kim, H., Torres-Garcia, W., Treviño, V., Shen, H., Laird, P. W., Levine, D. A., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3612 · Cited by 9,778 · see citing works
QuPath: Open source software for digital pathology image analysis
Bankhead, P., Loughrey, M. B., Fernández, J. A., Dombrowski, Y., McArt, D. G., Dunne, P. D., McQuaid, S., Gray, R. T., Murray, L. J., Coleman, H. G., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17204-5 · Cited by 8,908 · see citing works
Self-citationThe consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer
Guinney, J., Dienstmann, R., Wang, X., de Reyniès, A., Schlicker, A., Soneson, C., Marisa, L., Roepman, P., Nyamundanda, G., Angelino, P., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3967 · Cited by 5,170 · see citing works
Self-citationBecht, É., Giraldo, N. A., Lacroix, L., Buttard, B., Elarouci, N., Petitprez, F., Sèlves, J., Laurent‐Puig, P., Sautès‐Fridman, C., Fridman, W. H., et al. (2016) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1070-5 · Cited by 3,677 · see citing works
Tackling the widespread and critical impact of batch effects in high-throughput data
Leek, J. T., Scharpf, R. B., Bravo, H. C., Simcha, D., Langmead, B., Johnson, W. E., Geman, D., Baggerly, K., & Irizarry, R. A. (2010) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2825 · Cited by 2,196 · see citing works
TGFβ drives immune evasion in genetically reconstituted colon cancer metastasis
Tauriello, D. V. F., Palomo-Ponce, S., Stork, D., Berenguer-Llergo, A., Badia-Ramentol, J., Iglesias, M., Sevillano, M., Ibiza, S., Cañellas, A., Hernando-Momblona, X., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature25492 · Cited by 1,851 · see citing works
Marisa, L., de Reyniès, A., Duval, A., Selves, J., Gaub, M. P., Vescovo, L., Etienne-Grimaldi, M.-C., Schiappa, R., Guenot, D., Ayadi, M., et al. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001453 · Cited by 1,507 · see citing works
Chalabi, M., Fanchi, L. F., Dijkstra, K. K., Van den Berg, J. G., Aalbers, A. G., Sikorska, K., Lopez-Yurda, M., Grootscholten, C., Beets, G. L., Snaebjornsson, P., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0805-8 · Cited by 1,417 · see citing works
Salmon, H., Idoyaga, J., Rahman, A. H., Leboeuf, M., Remark, R., Jordan, S., Casanova-Acebes, M., Khudoynazarova, M. N., Agudo, J., Tung, N., et al. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.03.012 · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works
Li, H., Courtois, E. T., Sengupta, D., Tan, Y., Chen, K. H., Goh, J. J. L., Kong, S. L., Chua, C., Hon, L. K., Tan, W. S., et al. (2017) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3818 · Cited by 1,080 · see citing works
Stromal gene expression defines poor-prognosis subtypes in colorectal cancer
Calon, A., Lonardo, E., Berenguer-Llergo, A., Espinet, E., Hernando-Momblona, X., Iglesias, M., Sevillano, M., Palomo-Ponce, S., Tauriello, D. V. F., Byrom, D., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3225 · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works
Dependency of Colorectal Cancer on a TGF-β-Driven Program in Stromal Cells for Metastasis Initiation
Calon, A., Espinet, E., Palomo-Ponce, S., Tauriello, D. V. F., Iglesias, M., Céspedes, M. V., Sevillano, M., Nadal, C., Jung, P., Zhang, X. H.-F., et al. (2012) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.013 · Cited by 1,060 · see citing works
Sadanandam, A., Lyssiotis, C. A., Homicsko, K., Collisson, E. A., Gibb, W. J., Wullschleger, S., Ostos, L. C. G., Lannon, W. A., Grotzinger, C., Del Rio, M., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3175 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Densely Interconnected Transcriptional Circuits Control Cell States in Human Hematopoiesis
Novershtern, N., Subramanian, A., Lawton, L. N., Mak, R. H., Haining, W. N., McConkey, M. E., Habib, N., Yosef, N., Chang, C. Y., Shay, T., et al. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.004 · Cited by 942 · see citing works
Antitumour actions of interferons: implications for cancer therapy
Parker, B. S., Rautela, J., & Hertzog, P. J. (2016) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.14 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
A pan-cancer blueprint of the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment revealed by single-cell profiling
Qian, J., Olbrecht, S., Boeckx, B., Vos, H., Laoui, D., Etlioglu, E., Wauters, E., Pomella, V., Verbandt, S., Busschaert, P., et al. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0355-0 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Self-citationDe Sousa E Melo, F., Wang, X., Jansen, M., Fessler, E., Trinh, A., de Rooij, L. P. M. H., de Jong, J. H., de Boer, O. J., van Leersum, R., Bijlsma, M. F., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3174 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
A NEW PROGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF RECTAL CANCER
Jass, J. R., Love, S., & Northover, J. M. A. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90552-6 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Stromal contribution to the colorectal cancer transcriptome
Isella, C., Terrasi, A., Bellomo, S. E., Petti, C., Galatola, G., Muratore, A., Mellano, A., Senetta, R., Cassenti, A., Sonetto, C., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3224 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Functionally distinct disease-associated fibroblast subsets in rheumatoid arthritis
Mizoguchi, F., Slowikowski, K., Wei, K., Marshall, J. L., Rao, D. A., Chang, S. K., Nguyen, H., Noss, E. H., Turner, J. D., Earp, B. E., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02892-y · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Human MX2 is an interferon-induced post-entry inhibitor of HIV-1 infection
Goujon, C., Moncorgé, O., Bauby, H., Doyle, T., Ward, C. C., Schaller, T., Hué, S., Barclay, W., Schulz, R., & Malim, M. H. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12542 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
The CPTAC Data Portal: A Resource for Cancer Proteomics Research
Edwards, N. J., Oberti, M., Thangudu, R. R., Cai, S., McGarvey, P. B., Jacob, S., Madhavan, S., & Ketchum, K. A. (2015) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr501254j · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Jackstadt, R., van Hooff, S. R., Leach, J. D. G., Cortés-Lavaud, X., Lohuis, J. O., Ridgway, R. A., Wouters, V. M., Roper, J., Kendall, T. J., Roxburgh, C. S. D., et al. (2019) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2019.08.003 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Self-citationGene expression patterns unveil a new level of molecular heterogeneity in colorectal cancer
Budínská, E., Popovici, V. C., Tejpar, S., D’Ario, G., Lapique, N., Sikora, K. O., Narzo, A. F. D., Yan, P., Hodgson, J., Weinrich, S. L., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.4212 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Self-citationBöckelman, C., Engelmann, B. E., Kaprio, T., Hansen, T. F., & Glimelius, B. L. G. (2014) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.3109/0284186x.2014.975839 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Glentis, A., Oertle, P., Mariani, P., Chikina, A. S., Marjou, F. E., Atieh, Y., Zaccarini, F., Lae, M. E., Loew, D., Dingli, F., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00985-8 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Pearce, O. M. T., Delaine‐Smith, R. M., Maniati, E., Nichols, S., Wang, J., Böhm, S., Rajeeve, V., Ullah, D., Chakravarty, P., Jones, R. R., et al. (2017) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0284 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Isella, C., Brundu, F. G., Bellomo, S. E., Galimi, F., Zanella, E. R., Porporato, R., Petti, C., Fiori, A., Orzan, F., Senetta, R., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms15107 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Tsushima, H., Kawata, S., Tamura, S., Ito, N., Shirai, Y., Kiso, S., Imai, Y., Shimomukai, H., Nomura, Y., Matsuda, Y., et al. (1996) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8566583 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Clinical development of therapies targeting TGFβ: current knowledge and future perspectives
Ciardiello, D., Élez, E., Tabernero, J. M., & Seoane, J. (2020) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.07.009 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Schlicker, A., Beran, G. J., Chresta, C. M., McWalter, G., Pritchard, A., Weston, S. L., Runswick, S. K., Davenport, S., Heathcote, K., Alférez, D., et al. (2012) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/1755-8794-5-66 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Adjustment of dendritic cells to the breast-cancer microenvironment is subset specific
Michea, P., Noël, F., Zakine, È., Czerwińska, U., Sirven, P., Abouzid, O., Goudot, C., Scholer‐Dahirel, A., Vincent‐Salomon, A., Reyal, F., et al. (2018) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0145-8 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Pantel, A. R., Teixeira, A., Haddad, E. K., Wood, E. G., Steinman, R. M., & Longhi, M. P. (2014) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001759 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
ten Hoorn, S., de Back, T. R., Sommeijer, D. W., & Vermeulen, L. (2022) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djab106 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
SMAD4 as a Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer
Alazzouzi, H., Alhopuro, P., Salovaara, R., Sammalkorpi, H., Järvinen, H., Mecklin, J., Hemminki, A., Schwartz, S., Aaltonen, L. A., & Arango, D. (2005) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1458 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Kennedy, R. D., Bylesjö, M., Kerr, P., Davison, T. S., Black, J. M., Kay, E. W., Holt, R. J., Proutski, V., Ahdesmaki, M. J., Farztdinov, V. M., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2011.35.4498 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationCommon pitfalls in preclinical cancer target validation
Kaelin, W. G. (2017) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.32 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Dunne, P. D., McArt, D. G., Bradley, C. A., O’Reilly, P. G., Barrett, H. L., Cummins, R., O’Grady, T., Arthur, K., Loughrey, M. B., Allen, W. L., et al. (2016) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0032 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationRodriguez-Ruiz, M. E., Perez‐Gracia, J. L., Rodríguez, I., Alfaro, C., Oñate, C., Pérez, G., Bazo, I. G., Benito, A., Inogés, S., de Cerio, A. L.-D., et al. (2018) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy089 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Mehrotra, S., Britten, C. D., Chin, S. H., Garrett-Mayer, E. S., Cloud, C. A., Li, M., Scurti, G. M., Salem, M. L., Nelson, M. H., Thomas, M. B., et al. (2017) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0459-2 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Espinet, E., Gu, Z., Imbusch, C. D., Giese, N. A., Büscher, M., Safavi, M., Weisenburger, S., Klein, C., Vogel, V., Falcone, M., et al. (2020) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1202 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Jass, J. R., & Morson, B. C. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.40.9.1016 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Dunne, P. D., Alderdice, M., O'Reilly, P. G., Roddy, A. C., McCorry, A. M. B., Richman, S., Maughan, T., McDade, S. S., Johnston, P. G., Longley, D. B., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms15657 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationDeciphering the Message Broadcast by Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells
Karthaus, N., Torensma, R., & Tel, J. (2012) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.012 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Molecular markers for colon diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy
Herzig, D. O., & Tsikitis, V. L. (2014) · Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1002/jso.23806 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Hu, X., Park‐Min, K., Ho, H. H., & Ivashkiv, L. B. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.6.3637 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Majoros, A., Platanitis, E., Szappanos, D., Cheon, H., Vogl, C., Shukla, P., Stark, G. R., Sexl, V., Schreiber, R. D., Schindler, C., et al. (2016) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201540726 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hynes, S. O., Coleman, H. G., Kelly, P. J., Irwin, S. T., O'Neill, R. F., Gray, R. T., McGready, C., Dunne, P. D., McQuaid, S., James, J. A., et al. (2017) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/his.13181 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCorry, A. M. B., Loughrey, M. B., Longley, D. B., Lawler, M., & Dunne, P. D. (2018) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.5155 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, I. V., Jiang, W., Rutledge, H. R., Lackford, B. L., Warg, L. A., Arras, L. D., Alper, S., Schwartz, D. A., & Pisetsky, D. S. (2011) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2011.05.015 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Changing the Paradigm—Multistage Multiarm Randomized Trials and Stratified Cancer Medicine
Lawler, M., Kaplan, R. S., Wilson, R. H., & Maughan, T. (2015) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0014 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, J. H., van Wyk, H., McMillan, D., Edwards, J., Orange, C., Horgan, P. G., & Roxburgh, C. S. D. (2019) · The Journal of Pathology Clinical Research · doi:10.1002/cjp2.143 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Short, K. R., Vissers, M., de Kleijn, S., Zomer, A. L., Kedzierska, K., Grant, E., Reading, P. C., Hermans, P. W. M., Ferwerda, G., & Diavatopoulos, D. A. (2014) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000353905 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Roseweir, A. K., Park, J. H., ten Hoorn, S., Powell, A. G. M. T., Aherne, S., Roxburgh, C. S. D., McMillan, D., Horgan, P. G., Ryan, E. J., Sheahan, K. D., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Pathology Clinical Research · doi:10.1002/cjp2.171 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [30]Calon A, Espinet E, Palomo-Ponce S, et al. Dependency of colorectal cancer on a TGF-β-driven program in stromal cells for metastasis initiation. Cancer Cell 2012; 22: 571– 84. 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.013 23153532 PMC3512565 · DOI · Paper page
- [40]Marisa L, de Reyniès A, Duval A, et al. Gene expression classification of colon cancer into molecular subtypes: characterization, validation, and prognostic value. PLoS Med 2013; 10: e1001453. 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001453 23700391 PMC3660251 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Egan, H., Treacy, O., Lynch, K., Leonard, N. A., O’Malley, G., Reidy, E., O’Neill, A., Corry, S. M., Veirman, K. D., Vanderkerken, K., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112475 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliams, C. J. M., Peddle, A. M., Kasi, P. M., Seligmann, J. F., Roxburgh, C. S. D., Middleton, G., & Tejpar, S. (2024) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-024-00943-6 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular pathological classification of colorectal cancer—an update
Dunne, P. D., & Arends, M. J. (2024) · Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin · doi:10.1007/s00428-024-03746-3 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationMouillet-Richard, S., Cazelles, A., Sroussi, M., Gallois, C., Taieb, J., & Laurent-Puig, P. (2024) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3964 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Current and emerging concepts for systemic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
Steup, C., Kennel, K. B., Neurath, M. F., Fichtner-Feigl, S., & Greten, F. R. (2025) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2025-335412 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Antigen-presenting fibroblasts: emerging players in immune modulation and therapeutic targets
Chen, X., Chen, F., Jia, S., Lu, Q., & Zhao, M. F. (2025) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.104900 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Leonard, N. A., Corry, S. M., Reidy, E., Egan, H., O’Malley, G., Thompson, K., McDermott, E. A., O’Neill, A., Zakaria, N., Egan, L. J., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110701 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationO’Neill, A., Zakaria, N., Egan, H., Corry, S. M., Bull, C., Leonard, N. A., O'Meara, C., Howard, L., Walsh, A., Reidy, E., et al. (2025) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2025-012491 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationBull, C., Byrne, R. M., Fisher, N. C., Corry, S. M., Amirkhah, R., Edwards, J., Hillson, L., Lawler, M., Ryan, A. E., Lamrock, F., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-80534-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationLynch, S. M., Heeran, A. B., Burke, C., Lynam‐Lennon, N., Eustace, A. J., Dean, K. A., Robson, T., Rahman, A., & Marcone, S. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16111989 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Zhao, J., Huang, B., Liang, Y., Jiang, G., Zhou, X., Chen, Y., He, T., Zheng, M., & Huang, Z. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119698 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Functional Mechanisms of Toll-Like Receptor 3 and Its Implications in Digestive System Tumors
Han, B., Zhang, C., Wang, X., Song, H., Zhang, L., Li, T., He, J., & Zhao, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/j.fbl2811297 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Viral mimicry acts as a tumor suppressor in colitis
Larsen, F., Jeong, W., Schep, D., Good, H. J., Shin, A. E., Zhang, L., Derouet, M., Wang, T. C., Castellani, C. A., Shooshtari, P., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68850-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dilshan, M. A. H., Omeka, W. K. M., Udayantha, H. M. V., Liyanage, D. S., Rodrigo, D. C. G., Ganepola, G. A. N. P., Harishchandra, H. P. U. M., Hanchapola, H. A. C. R., Kodagoda, Y. K., Kim, J., et al. (2025) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2025.105447 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Djordjevic, J., Romero, N. S. C., Cascione, L., Mele, V., Cremonesi, E., Sorrenti, E., Basso, C., Villa, M., Cianfarani, A., Roesel, R., et al. (2024) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331759 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bull, C., Byrne, R. M., Fisher, N. C., Corry, S. M., Amirkhah, R., Edwards, J., Hillson, L., Lawler, M., Ryan, A. E., Lamrock, F., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.15.585228 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationCorry, S. M., Sakhnevych, S. S., Mohamed, N. E., Malla, S. B., Byrne, R. M., Young, A., Amirkhah, R., Bull, C., Lees, A., Redmond, K. L., et al. (2026) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-026-10295-9
Self-citationLee, S. H., Yellu, S., Lee, S. H., Cheong, J.-H., Kim, M., Park, S., & Hwang, T. H. (2025) · IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI ...) · doi:10.1109/bhi67747.2025.11269533
- Authors
- Corry, S. M., McCorry, A. M., Lannagan, T. R., Leonard, N. A., Fisher, N. C., Byrne, R. M., Tsantoulis, P., Cortes-Lavaud, X., Amirkhah, R., Redmond, K. L., McCooey, A. J., Malla, S. B., Rogan, E., Sakhnevych, S., Gillespie, M. A., White, M., Richman, S. D., Jackstadt, R.-F., Campbell, A. D., Maguire, S., consortia, S. A. A., McDade, S. S., Longley, D. B., Loughrey, M. B., Coleman, H. G., Kerr, E. M., Tejpar, S., Maughan, T., Leedham, S. J., Small, D. M., Ryan, A. E., Sansom, O. J., Lawler, M., & Dunne, P. D.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- Cancer Research UK (GB)
- National University of Ireland (IE)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
- University of Leeds (GB)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Dunne, Philip D
- ORCID
- Corry, Shania M
- McCorry, Amy MB
- Lannagan, Tamsin RM
- Leonard, Niamh A
- Fisher, Natalie C
- Byrne, Ryan M
- Tsantoulis, Petros
- Amirkhah, Raheleh
- Redmond, Keara L
- Malla, Sudhir B
- Sakhnevych, Svetlana
- Richman, Susan D
- Maguire, Sarah
- McDade, Simon S
- Longley, Daniel B
- Loughrey, Maurice B
- Coleman, Helen G
- Kerr, Emma M
- Tejpar, Sabine
- Leedham, Simon J
- Small, Donna M
- Ryan, Aideen E
- Sansom, Owen J
- Lawler, Mark
- Dunne, Philip D
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2022-04-27
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2502-2517
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- PMC
- PMC9664095
- OpenAlex
- W4225003814
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MR/M016587/1)
- Cancer Research UK (A17196, A26825, A28223, A29834, A31287)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
- Keywords
- poly(I:C), TLR3 agonist, antigen processing and presentation, innate-adaptive immune crosstalk, liver metastasis, relapse prevention, prognostic signature, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, adjuvant therapy
- MeSH terms
- Colonic Neoplasms, Humans, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Prognosis, Biomarkers, Tumor, Stromal Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
