The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social class and coronary heart disease.
Open accessAbstract
Over the past 40 years in England and Wales the rise in mortality from coronary heart disease has continued unabated among working-class men, whereas among professional men the rate has changed little for the past 20 years. As a result it is now 26 per cent higher in social class V compared with social class I. The difference in women is larger (+ 152%), and it has been present for at least 40 years. The social class gradient for men was confirmed in a survey of 17530 London civil servants aged between 40 and 64 (the Whitehall Study). When men in the lowest employment grade were compared with those in the top (administrative) grade, the age-adjusted prevalence rate was 53 per cent higher for angina, 77 per cent higher for ischaemic-type electrocardiographic abnormalities, and 75 per cent higher for the prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormality among men with angina. At follow-up, the seven-and-a-half year coronary mortality was 3.6 times higher in the lowest than in the top grade. This social class difference was partly explained by known coronary risk factors: men in the lower grades smoked more and exercised less, they were shorter and more overweight, and they had higher blood pressures and lower levels of glucose tolerance. Most of the difference, however, remains unexplained. It seems that there are major risk factors yet to be identified, and that these may throw light on how it is possible for members of a highly-placed social group to have a relatively low risk of coronary heart disease.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
PLASMA-HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ISCHÆMIC HEART-DISEASE
Miller, G. J., & Miller, N. E. (1975) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92376-4 · Cited by 2,621
Cited by
The social determinants of health: It’s time to consider the causes of the causes
Braveman, P., & Gottlieb, L. (2014) · Public Health Reports® · doi:10.1177/00333549141291s206 · Cited by 3,861
The origins of the developmental origins theory
Barker, D. J. P. (2007) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x · Cited by 2,955
The Social Determinants of Health: Coming of Age
Braveman, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101218 · Cited by 2,476
Socioeconomic Status and Obesity: A Review of the Literature
Sobal, J., & Stunkard, A. J. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.2.260 · Cited by 2,346
Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature.
Kaplan, G. A., & Keil, J. E. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.4.1973 · Cited by 1,845
Lantz, P. M., House, J. S., Lepkowski, J. M., Williams, D. R., Mero, R. P., & Chen, J. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.21.1703 · Cited by 1,514
Racism, Sexism, and Social Class: Implications for Studies of Health, Disease, and Well-being
Krieger, N., Rowley, D. L., Herman, A. A., Avery, B., & Phillips, M. T. (1993) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30666-4 · Cited by 956
Neighborhood Environments and Coronary Heart Disease: A Multilevel Analysis
Diez-Roux, A. V., Nieto, F. J., Muntaner, C., Tyroler, H. A., Comstock, G. W., Shahar, E., Cooper, L. S., Watson, R. L., & Szklo, M. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009191 · Cited by 744
Social determinants of health and survival in humans and other animals
Snyder-Mackler, N., Burger, J. R., Gaydosh, L., Belsky, D. W., Noppert, G. A., Campos, F. A., Bartolomucci, A., Yang, Y. C., Aiello, A. E., O’Rand, A., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax9553 · Cited by 679
Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., Cohen, R. D., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008863 · Cited by 547
Seeman, T. E., Crimmins, E., Huang, M.-H., Singer, B., Bucur, A., Gruenewald, T., Berkman, L. F., & Reuben, D. B. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00402-7 · Cited by 521
INTERSALT study findings. Public health and medical care implications
Stamler, J., Rose, G., Stamler, R., Elliott, P., Dyer, A., & Marmot, M. (1989) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.14.5.570 · Cited by 426
Self-citationPsychobiological mechanisms of socioeconomic differences in health
Kristenson, M., Eriksen, H. R., Sluiter, J. K., Starke, D., & Ursin, H. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00353-8 · Cited by 351
Psychosocial factors in the development of coronary artery disease
Strike, P. C., & Steptoe, A. (2004) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2003.09.001 · Cited by 316
Everson, S. A., Kauhanen, J., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., Julkunen, J., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009245 · Cited by 301
Health Inequality - determinants and policies
Diderichsen, F., Andersen, I., Manuel, C., The Working Group of the Danish Review on Social Determinants of Health, Andersen, A.-M. N., Bach, E., Baadsgaard, M., Brønnum-Hansen, H., Hansen, F. K., Jeune, B., et al. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494812457734 · Cited by 247
Sociological concepts in the etiology of chronic disease: The case of ischemic heart disease
Siegrist, J., Siegrist, K., & Weber, I. (1986) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(86)90073-0 · Cited by 210
Mackenbach, J. P., van de Mheen, H., & Stronks, K. (1994) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90399-9 · Cited by 195
Nordstrom, C. K., Diez Roux, A. V., Jackson, S. A., & Gardin, J. M. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.03.017 · Cited by 131
Wamala, S. P., Mittleman, M. A., Schenck-Gustafsson, K., & Orth-Gomér, K. (1999) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.89.3.315 · Cited by 127
The Stanford Nutrition Action Program: a dietary fat intervention for low-literacy adults.
Howard-Pitney, B., Winkleby, M. A., Albright, C. L., Bruce, B., & Fortmann, S. P. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.12.1971 · Cited by 98
Gimeno, D., Brunner, E. J., Lowe, G. D. O., Rumley, A., Marmot, M. G., & Ferrie, J. E. (2007) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9171-9 · Cited by 66
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Rose, G., & Marmot, M. G.
- Venue
- Heart
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1981-01-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-19
- ISSN
- 1355-6037 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985933989
- Cited by
- 644
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 33.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
