Adult socioeconomic position, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in the Whitehall II prospective study
Abstract
Background Prior studies on the association of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), with socioeconomic position (SEP) have been cross-sectional. Thus, the question of whether socioeconomic differences in CRP and IL-6 change over time remains unanswered. We examined the relationship between SEP and changes over 12 years in CRP and IL-6. Methods Data were for 4,750 middle-aged (mean 49.0 years, SD 5.9) civil servants from phases 3 and 7 of the Whitehall II study. Adult SEP was based on last known Civil Service employment grade. Covariates included sociodemographics, behavioural and biological risk factors, presence of diseases/illnesses, prescribed medications, work-related factors, labour market status and early life factors. Results Steep socioeconomic gradients observed at Phase 3 (p Conclusion Despite overall increases in CRP and IL6, relative differences by SEP remained unchanged so that socioeconomic gradients in both sexes persisted over the period observed.
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At least two studies have shown prospective associations between lower socioeconomic status and elevated levels of CRP.
“at least two studies have shown prospective associations between lower socioeconomic status and elevated levels of CRP”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Gimeno et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Gimeno, D., Brunner, E. J., Lowe, G. D. O., Rumley, A., Marmot, M. G., & Ferrie, J. E.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gimeno, David
- Venue
- European Journal of Epidemiology
- Published
- 2007-08-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 675-683
- ISSN
- 0393-2990 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7284
- OpenAlex
- W2067816423
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Heart Foundation (RG/07/008/23674)
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS06516)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 13196)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL36310, R01HL036310)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- socioeconomic position, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, inflammatory markers, social gradient, Whitehall II study, public sector employees, middle-aged adults, longitudinal change, sex differences, body mass index, TC/HDL-C ratio, diet, smoking
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Social Class, Interleukin-6
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