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Cited by 90Traffic and Road SafetyInjury Epidemiology and PreventionAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

Changes in traffic crash mortality rates attributed to use of alcohol, or lack of a seat belt, air bag, motorcycle helmet, or bicycle helmet, United States, 1982–2001

Open access
Cummings, P, Rivara, F P, Olson, C M, Smith, K M·2006·Injury Prevention
DOI 10.1136/ip.2005.010975PMC PMC2563537
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Abstract

Objective: To estimate the contributions of five risk factors to changes in US traffic crash mortality: (1) alcohol use by drivers and pedestrians, (2) not wearing a seat belt, (3) lack of an air bag, (4) not wearing a motorcycle helmet, and (5) not wearing a bicycle helmet. Design: Longitudinal study of deaths; attributable deaths were estimated using data from other studies. Setting: US traffic crashes in 1982–2001. Subjects: People who died in a crash. Main outcome measures: Counts of deaths attributed to each risk factor, change in rates of deaths, and counts of lives saved by changes in risk factor prevalence. Results: There were 858 741 traffic deaths during the 20 year period. Estimated deaths attributed to each factor were: (1) alcohol use, 366 606; (2) not wearing a seat belt, 259 239; (3) lack of an air bag, 31 377; (4) no motorcycle helmet, 12 095; (5) no bicycle helmet, 10 552. Over the 20 years, mortality rates attributed to each risk factor declined: alcohol by 53%; not wearing a seat belt by 49%; lack of an air bag by 17%; no motorcycle helmet by 74%; no bicycle helmet by 39%. There were 153 168 lives saved by decreased drinking and driving, 129 297 by increased use of seat belts, 4305 by increased air bag prevalence, 6475 by increased use of motorcycle helmets, and 239 by increased use of bicycle helmets. Conclusions: Decreased alcohol use and increased use of seat belts were associated with substantial reductions in crash mortality from 1982 through 2001. Increased presence of air bags, motorcycle helmets, and bicycle helmets were associated with smaller reductions.

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Authors
Cummings, P., Rivara, F. P., Olson, C. M., & Smith, K. M.
Affiliations
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Cummings, P
ORCID
Rivara, F P
Venue
Injury Prevention
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2006-06
Volume
12
Issue
3
Pages
148-154
ISSN
  • 1353-8047 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-5785
DOI
10.1136/ip.2005.010975
PMC
PMC2563537
OpenAlex
W2168094116
Cited by
90
References
50
Citations by year
2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
FWCI
25.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Injury Prevention (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords
alcohol consumption, drinking and driving, seat belt use, airbags, motorcycle helmets, bicycle helmets, risk factor prevalence, lives saved, attributable mortality
MeSH terms
Accidents, Traffic, Alcohol Drinking, Bicycling, Head Protective Devices, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mortality, Motorcycles, Risk Factors, Seat Belts, United States, Prevalence, Confidence Intervals

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