Cited by 180Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesGrief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthHomicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse

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Midlife suicide risk, partner’s psychiatric illness, spouse and child bereavement by suicide or other modes of death: a gender specific study

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Agerbo, Esben·2005·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

DOI 10.1136/jech.2004.024950PMC PMC1733072

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Abstract

Study objective: To describe gender specific suicide rates associated with partner’s psychiatric disorder, loss of a spouse, or child by suicide or other causes, being a parent, and marital status. Design: Nested case-control study. Information on causes of death, psychiatric admission, marital status, children, and socioeconomic factors was obtained from routine registers. Setting: Denmark. Participants: 9011 people aged 25–60 years who committed suicide; 180 220 age-gender matched controls; 111 172 marital partners; 174 672 children. Main results: The suicide risk in women whose partner had been first admitted with a psychiatric disorder after 31 December two years earlier was 6.9 (95% CI 3.6 to 13.0), whereas their male counterpart experienced a risk of 3.9 (2.7 to 5.6); p value gender difference = 0.39. Men who had lost their partner by suicide or other causes of death experienced a suicide risk of 46.2 (18.3 to 116.4) and 10.1 (6.5 to 15.8), respectively; the analogous risk among women were about one third: 15.8 (6.6 to 37.4) and 3.3 (1.5 to 7.2), respectively. Child bereavement by suicide or other causes imposed an approximate twofold risk increase in their parents, whereas being a parent was protective in women. Except for widows (1.6, 1.2 to 2.0) and widowers (3.0, 2.3 to 3.9) the suicide risk associated with being separated (2.0, 1.8 to 2.3), divorced (1.8, 1.7 to 2.0), never married (1.4, 1.3 to 1.6), cohabitant (1.2, 1.1 to 1.3) was virtually the same in the two sexes. Conclusions: The suicide risk is associated with partner psychiatric illness. Conjugal bereavement is particularly indicative of suicide in men, and spousal suicide is particularly indicative of suicide. Child bereavement is associated with parental suicide, while being a parent is protective against suicide in women.

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Authors: Agerbo, E.
Affiliations: Aarhus University (DK)
Corresponding author: Agerbo, Esben
ORCID: Agerbo, Esben
Venue: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2005-04-14
Volume: 59
Issue: 5
Pages: 407-412
ISSN: 0141-7681 (ISSN-L)
0143-005X
1470-2738
DOI: 10.1136/jech.2004.024950
PMC: PMC1733072
OpenAlex: W2079982813
Cited by: 180
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 8.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Stanley Medical Research Institute
National Research Foundation
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Keywords: suicide risk, midlife, death of a spouse, grief in children, parental suicide, marital status, gender differences, widowhood, suicide risk factors, Denmark, psychiatric hospital admissions, causes of death, socioeconomic factors, spouses, children of suicide victims, cohabitation, divorce, separation, never married, widows and widowers
MeSH terms: Adult, Mental Disorders, Bereavement, Denmark, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parents, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Suicide, Case-Control Studies, Marital Status, Spouses

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Midlife suicide risk, partner’s psychiatric illness, spouse and child bereavement by suicide or other modes of death: a gender specific study

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