The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social inequality in fetal growth: a comparative study of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in the period 1981–2000
Abstract
Objective: To examine the socioeconomic patterns and time trends in fetal growth in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from 1981 to 2000. Design and settings: Data on all live-born singleton births was drawn from national population registries in each of the four countries (Denmark n = 1 077 584; Finland n = 400 442; Norway n = 929 458; Sweden n = 1 761 562). Main outcome measure: Slope index of inequality (SII) and mean differences in birthweight for gestational age, SII and risk differences in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants. Results: In all countries, gradients in fetal growth by parental education existed. Low parental education was associated with lower birthweight, increased risk of SGA and decreased risk of LGA. Mother’s education exerted the strongest influence on outcomes, whereas father’s education had a weaker effect. The educational gradients as measured by the SII were generally steepest in Denmark, followed by Norway, Sweden, and Finland. From 1981 to 2000, the educational gradients in birthweight decreased in all countries, except Denmark where it increased. All countries experienced small decreases in the educational gradient in SGA over time. Conclusion: The economic recession in Denmark in the 1980s was concurrent with an increase in disparities in fetal growth, whereas the economic recession in Finland and Sweden in the early 1990s did not substantially increase the socioeconomic inequality in fetal growth. The economic growth in the later part of the 1990s may have diminished the socioeconomic inequality in fetal growth in Finland, Norway, and Sweden.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In terms of paternal education level, the decrease was lower, though still significant, equal to beta = −56; 95%CI [−61; −50] [52].”
From A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome—Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“In addition, when comparing mothers with lower vs. higher levels of education, the decrease in birthweight was equal to beta = −103; 95%CI [−108; −97] [52].”
From A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome—Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“All but two of the studies [30,50] suggested that SGA was associated with social characteristics [26,28,30,38,46,50,52,58] measured at the family or parental level.”
From A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome—Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“Many studies have suggested an association between pregnancy outcomes and individual socioeconomic characteristics, such as maternal or paternal education level [33,38,42,47,52,55,57,58], maternal employment [29,58], socioeconomic status [26], low maternal income [55] and ethnicity [39,44].”
From A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome—Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mackenbach, J. P., & Kunst, A. E. (1997) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00073-1 · Cited by 1,343
Cnattingius, S. (2004) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200410001669187 · Cited by 1,126
Self-citationEffect of neighbourhood income and maternal education on birth outcomes: a population-based study
Luo, Z.-C. (2006) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.051096 · Cited by 382
Research works printed but not linked: 34
- 10.1093/ije/28.2.276 · DOI
- 10.1001/jama.1995.03520330039034 · DOI
- 10.1093/ije/12.3.319 · DOI
- 10.1136/jech.57.9.681 · DOI
- 10.1093/ije/dyg195 · DOI
- Spencer N . Weighing the evidence. How is birthweight determined? Abingdon, UK: Radcliffe Medical Press Ltd,2003.
- 10.1093/eurpub/4.2.92 · DOI
- 10.1136/bmj.298.6676.795 · DOI
- 10.1093/ije/dyh269 · DOI
- Nordentoft, 1996, Intrauterine growth retardation and premature delivery: the influence of maternal smoking and psychosocial factors., Am J Public Health, 86, 347, 10.2105/AJPH.86.3.347 · DOI
- Ericson, 1993, Secular trends in the effect of socio-economic factors on birth weight and infant survival in Sweden., Scand J Soc Med, 21, 10, 10.1177/140349489302100103 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00665.x · DOI
- 10.1136/jech.2005.038380 · DOI · Paper page
- Koupilova, 1998, Increasing social variation in birth outcomes in the Czech Republic after 1989., Am J Public Health, 88, 1343, 10.2105/AJPH.88.9.1343 · DOI
- 10.1093/ije/29.1.118 · DOI
- 10.1080/08035259950169855 · DOI
- 10.1136/jech.57.9.687 · DOI
- Koupilova, 1998, Social variation in size at birth and preterm delivery in the Czech Republic and Sweden, 1989–91., Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 12, 7, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1998.00075.x · DOI
- 10.2307/2095831 · DOI
- Hogstedt C Moberg H . (Eds) . Health for all? A critical study of policies in seven European countries. Östersund, Sweden: National Institute of Public Health, 2007; In press.
- 10.1093/ije/30.6.1233 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00386-X · DOI
- 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600534 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00553-5 · DOI
- 10.1097/00001648-200009000-00012 · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00756.x · DOI
- Rose G . The strategy of preventive medicine. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1992.
- Lahelma, 2001, Changing health inequalities in the Nordic countries?, Scand J Public Health Suppl, 55, 1, 10.1177/14034948010290011301 · DOI
- 10.1136/jech.57.6.433 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1136/adc.83.3.203 · DOI
- 10.2105/AJPH.91.2.284 · DOI
- 10.1080/080352598750031310 · DOI
- 10.1186/1471-2393-6-16 · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2000.00266.x · DOI
Cited by
Health Inequality - determinants and policies
Diderichsen, F., Andersen, I., Manuel, C., The Working Group of the Danish Review on Social Determinants of Health, Andersen, A.-M. N., Bach, E., Baadsgaard, M., Brønnum-Hansen, H., Hansen, F. K., Jeune, B., et al. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494812457734 · Cited by 247
Self-citationPreterm birth and poor fetal growth as risk factors of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder
Sucksdorff, M., Lehtonen, L., Chudal, R., Suominen, A., Joelsson, P., Gissler, M., & Sourander, A. (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1043 · Cited by 219
Self-citationBreaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Disadvantage: The Three Generation Approach
Cheng, T. L., Johnson, S. B., & Goodman, E. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2467 · Cited by 124
Simoncic, V., Deguen, S., Enaux, C., Vandentorren, S., & Kihal-Talantikite, W. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416592 · Cited by 83
Recommendations of activity restriction in high-risk pregnancy scenarios: a Danish national survey
Bendix, J., Hegaard, H. K., Bergholt, T., & Langhoff-Roos, J. (2015) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2013-0347 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Mortensen, L. H., Diderichsen, F., Arntzen, A., Gissler, M., Cnattingius, S., Schnor, O., Davey-Smith, G., & Nybo Andersen, A.-M.
- Venue
- Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2008-03-13
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 325-331
- ISSN
- 0143-005X
- 1470-2738
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 3
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
