Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. The BIMOH study: a double-blind pragmatic cluster randomised parallel controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is common in the general population. We investigated effectiveness of brief intervention (BI) for achieving drug withdrawal in primary care patients with MOH. METHODS: The study was double-blind, pragmatic and cluster-randomised controlled. A total of 25,486 patients (age 18-50) from 50 general practitioners (GPs) were screened for MOH. GPs defined clusters and were randomised to receive BI training (23 GPs) or to continue business as usual (BAU; 27 GPs). The Severity of Dependence Scale was applied as a part of the BI. BI involved feedback about individual risk of MOH and how to reduce overuse. Primary outcome measures were reduction in medication and headache days/month 3 months after the intervention and were assessed by a blinded clinical investigator. RESULTS: 42% responded to the postal screening questionnaire, and 2.4% screened positive for MOH. A random selection of up to three patients with MOH from each GP were invited (104 patients), 75 patients were randomised and 60 patients included into the study. BI was significantly better than BAU for the primary outcomes (p<0.001). Headache and medication days were reduced by 7.3 and 7.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 11.3 and 3.2 to 12.5) days/month in the BI compared with the BAU group. Chronic headache resolved in 50% of the BI and 6% of the BAU group. CONCLUSIONS: The BI method provides GPs with a simple and effective instrument that reduces medication-overuse and headache frequency in patients with MOH. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01314768.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A model of brief intervention, in which clinicians give involved feedback on behaviour and how to reduce pain-generating behaviour, is successful in reducing chronic pain from medication overuse headaches.
“New research suggests that a model of brief intervention, in which clinicians give involved feedback on behaviour and how to reduce pain-generating behaviour, is successful in reducing chronic pain from medication overuse headaches [30].”
From Identification and Management of Chronic Pain in Primary Care: a Review (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
the CONSORT Group, Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-18 · Cited by 13,371 · see citing works
CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & for the CONSORT Group (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c332 · Cited by 9,329 · see citing works
Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Naghavi, M., Lozano, R., Michaud, C., Ezzati, M., Shibuya, K., Salomon, J. A., Abdalla, S., Aboyans, V., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61729-2 · Cited by 8,291 · see citing works
The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version)
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2013) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102413485658 · Cited by 8,229 · see citing works
The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition
Olesen, J., Goadsby, P. J., & Steiner, T. (2003) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00590-8 · Cited by 5,046 · see citing works
Consort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials
Campbell, M. K., Piaggio, G., Elbourne, D. R., Altman, D. G., & for the CONSORT Group (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e5661 · Cited by 3,510 · see citing works
Boutron, I., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., Ravaud, P., & for the CONSORT Group* (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00008 · Cited by 2,292 · see citing works
Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: An extension of the CONSORT statement
Zwarenstein, M., Treweek, S., Gagnier, J. J., Altman, D. G., Tunis, S., Haynes, B., Oxman, A. D., Moher, D., & groups, F. T. C. A. P. T. I. H. (. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2390 · Cited by 1,813 · see citing works
Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations
Kaner, E. F., Beyer, F. R., Muirhead, C., Campbell, F., Pienaar, E. D., Bertholet, N., Daeppen, J. B., Saunders, J. B., & Burnand, B. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004148.pub4 · Cited by 1,665 · see citing works
Gossop, M., Darke, S. G., Griffiths, P., Hando, J., Powis, B., Hall, W., & Strang, J. (1995) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.9056072.x · Cited by 1,341 · see citing works
Babor, T. F., McRee, B. G., Kassebaum, P. A., Grimaldi, P. L., Ahmed, K., & Bray, J. (2007) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1300/j465v28n03_03 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works
New Appendix Criteria Open for a Broader Concept of Chronic Migraine
Olesen, J., Bousser, M.-G., Diener, H.-C., Dodick, D., First, M., Goadsby, P., Göbel, H., Lainez, M., Lance, J., Lipton, R., et al. (2006) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01172.x · Cited by 909 · see citing works
Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations
Kaner, E. F. S., Dickinson, H. O., Beyer, F. R., Campbell, F., Schlesinger, C., Heather, N., Saunders, J. B., Burnand, B., & Pienaar, E. D. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004148.pub3 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
The cost of headache disorders in Europe: the Eurolight project
Linde, M., Gustavsson, A., Stovner, L. J., Steiner, T. J., Barré, J., Katsarava, Z., Lainez, J. M., Lampl, C., Lantéri‐Minet, M., Rastenyte, D., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03612.x · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Chronic Daily Headache in the General Population
Castillo, J., Muñoz, P., Guitera, V., & Pascual, J. (1999) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.1999.3903190.x · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Silberstein, S., Olesen, J., Bousser, M.-G., Diener, H.-C., Dodick, D., First, M., Goadsby, P., Göbel, H., Lainez, M., Lance, J., et al. (2005) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00878.x · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Gossop, M., Darke, S. G., Griffiths, P., et al. (1995) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02199.x · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Brief intervention for hazardous and harmful drinking: a manual for use in primary care.
Babor, T. F., & Higgins-Biddle, J. C. (2001) · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Guidelines for Controlled Trials of Prophylactic Treatment of Chronic Migraine in Adults
Silberstein, S. D., Tfelt‐Hansen, P. C., Dodick, D., Limmroth, V., Lipton, R. B., Pascual, J., & Wang, S. J. (2008) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01555.x · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Chronic daily headache with analgesic overuse
Colás, R., Muñoz, P., Temprano, R. P., Gómez, C., & Pascual, J. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000120545.45443.93 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment of medication-overuse headache
Evers, S., & Marziniak, M. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70008-9 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Presentation of a New Instrument: The Diagnostic Headache Diary
Russell, M. B., Rasmussen, B. K., Brennum, J., Iversen, H. K., Jensen, R., & Olesen, J. (1992) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.1992.00369.x · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment of medication overuse headache - guideline of the EFNS headache panel
Evers, S., & Jensen, R. (2011) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03497.x · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Limmroth, V., & Katsarava, Z. (2004) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/00019052-200406000-00011 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Humeniuk, R., Ali, R., Babor, T., Souza‐Formigoni, M. L. O., de Lacerda, R. B., Ling, W., McRee, B., Newcombe, D., Pal, H., Poznyak, V., et al. (2012) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03740.x · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Prevalence and description of chronic daily headache in the general population in France
Lantéri‐Minet, M., Auray, J., Hasnaoui, A. E., Dartigues, J., Duru, G., Henry, P., Lucas, C., Pradalier, A., Chazot, G., & Gaudin, A.-F. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00348-2 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Aaseth, K., Grande, R., Kværner, K., Gulbrandsen, P., Lundqvist, C., & Russell, M. (2008) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01577.x · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationRossi, P., Lorenzo, C. D., Faroni, J., Cesarino, F., & Nappi, G. (2006) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01175.x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Guidelines for Controlled Trials of Drugs in Tension-Type Headache: Second Edition
Bendtsen, L., Bigal, M., Cerbo, R., Diener, H., Holroyd, K., Lampl, C., Mitsikostas, D., Steiner, T., & Tfelt‐Hansen, P. C. (2009) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01948.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Grande, R. B., Aaseth, K., Benth, J. Š., Lundqvist, C., & Russell, M. (2010) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03094.x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology of medication overuse headache in the general Swedish population
Jonsson, P., Hedenrud, T., & Linde, M. (2011) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102411410082 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Rossi, P., Faroni, J., Tassorelli, C., & Nappi, G. (2013) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-14-10 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Rossi, P., Faroni, J., & Nappi, G. (2010) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03157.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Kristoffersen, E. S., Grande, R. B., Aaseth, K., Lundqvist, C., & Russell, M. B. (2011) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-011-0391-8 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of Primary Chronic Headache in a Population-Based Sample of 30- to 44-Year-Old Persons
Grande, R. B., Aaseth, K., Gulbrandsen, P., Lundqvist, C., & Russell, M. B. (2008) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000116244 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationKristoffersen, E. S., Lundqvist, C., Aaseth, K., Grande, R. B., & Russell, M. B. (2013) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-14-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationGrande, R. B., Aaseth, K., Benth, J. Š., Gulbrandsen, P., Russell, M. B., & Lundqvist, C. (2009) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.168864 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationMedication overuse headache: a critical review of end points in recent follow-up studies
Hagen, K., Jensen, R., Bøe, M. G., & Stovner, L. J. (2010) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-010-0221-4 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Jonsson, P., Linde, M., Hensing, G. K. E., & Hedenrud, T. (2012) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-012-0432-y · Cited by 46 · see citing works
(2006) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01117.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Kristoffersen, E. S., Straand, J., Benth, J. Š., Russell, M. B., & Lundqvist, C. (2012) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-12-70 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationFeasibility of a brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care – a pilot study
Kristoffersen, E. S., Straand, J., Russell, M. B., & Lundqvist, C. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-165 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [25]Erratum Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 360.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Identification and Management of Chronic Pain in Primary Care: a Review
Mills, S., Torrance, N., & Smith, B. H. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0659-9 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kristoffersen, E. S., Straand, J., Vetvik, K. G., Benth, J. Š., Russell, M. B., & Lundqvist, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2014-08-11
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 505-512
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-330X
- PMC
- PMC4413802
- OpenAlex
- W2148786262
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 5.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universitetet i Oslo
- Akershus Universitetssykehus
- Helse Sør-Øst RHF
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- medication overuse headache, brief intervention, drug withdrawal, general practitioners, primary care, chronic headache, headache frequency, medication overuse, physician training, Severity of Dependence Scale
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analgesics, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Primary Health Care, Psychotherapy, Brief, Treatment Outcome, Substance-Related Disorders, Headache Disorders, Secondary, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
