Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Open accessAbstract
Background Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).Methods Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis.Findings Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa.Interpretation Rates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world.Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Men living in low- and middle-income countries are unlikely to seek mental health care.
“Men living in low- and middle-income countries are unlikely to seek mental health care, where poor healthcare infrastructure, differences in illness conceptualization, and stigma can impact treatment seeking.”
From Masculinity and mental health treatment initiation for former political prisoners in Yangon, Myanmar – a qualitative investigation (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
The Discussion reports the burden of mental and behavioural disorders and calls for effective, affordable strategies, but does not address whether men in low- and middle-income countries seek mental health care. Searches for treatment seeking, stigma, and barriers to care found no passage supporting the claim. Page numbers were not supplied for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMisattribution of indirect maternal causes of death, resulting in underestimation of 20-90% of maternal deaths, has been described in a number of settings.
“The phenomenon of misattribution of indirect maternal causes of death, resulting in underestimation of 20-90% of maternal deaths, has been described in a number of settings. 25-30”
From Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [28]
DisMod-MR enforces internal consistency between estimates from different epidemiological parameters.
“uses an Incidence-Prevalence-Mortality mathematical model [18],[27] to enforce internal consistency between estimates from different epidemiological parameters”
From Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (2013) · cites this paper as [18]
DisMod-MR propagates uncertainty around raw epidemiological data through to final estimates.
“propagates uncertainty around the raw epidemiological data through to the final estimates [18]”
From Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (2013) · cites this paper as [18]
Epidemiological estimates from the literature review were pooled using DisMod-MR, a Bayesian meta-regression tool developed for GBD 2010.
“For each disorder, epidemiological estimates from the literature review were pooled using DisMod-MR, a Bayesian meta-regression tool developed specifically for GBD 2010 [18].”
From Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (2013) · cites this paper as [18]
MDD-related deaths from suicide and ischemic heart disease were captured under the headings of intentional injuries and cardiovascular disease in the GBD capstone papers.
“We found evidence for an elevated risk for mortality in those diagnosed with MDD [2],[25]; however, since a health outcome could only occur once in the GBD cause list, MDD related deaths from suicide and ischemic heart disease were captured under the headings of intentional injuries and cardiovascular disease in the GBD capstone papers [14],[18].”
From Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (2013) · cites this paper as [18]
The high and increasing DALYs lost due to stroke are consistent with the GBD 2010 theme that disability is causing an increasing fraction of disease burden as demographics and epidemiology evolve.
“The high and increasing DALYs lost due to stroke are consistent with one of GBD 2010’s recurring themes: disability is causing an increasing fraction of the burden of disease as demographics and epidemiology evolve.2,10”
From Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
For regions with low or absent vital registration, it was necessary to predict estimates using models, relying on covariates and verbal autopsy.
“For these regions, it was necessary to predict estimates using models, relying on covariates and verbal autopsy.”
From The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013 (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
In GBD 2010, the estimates of short-term duration were based on limited expert opinion.
“In GBD 2010, the estimates of short-term duration were based on limited expert opinion.”
From The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013 (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
Exposure fractions among prevalent liver cirrhosis cases were used as a proxy for population attributable fractions, following the direct method when relative risk is high.
“We used the resulting predicted exposure fractions among prevalent cases as a proxy for PAFs for liver cirrhosis. This follows from the direct method of approximating PAFs:”
From Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [26]
This represents only 5% of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.
“this represents only 5% of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis [1,26].”
From Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [26]
Globally, the case fatality rate of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis remained unchanged, at about 20% (95% uncertainty interval 15 to 26) in 1990 and 22% (16 to 28) in 2010, even in more developed countries.
“Globally, the case fatality rate of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (estimated from an analysis of hospital data) remained unchanged, at about 20% (95% uncertainty interval: 15 to 26) in 1990 and 22% (16 to 28) in 2010, even in more developed countries [1,2,26].”
From Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [26]
Acne vulgaris was the 8th most prevalent disease globally in 2010, with an estimated prevalence of 645,499,136.
“Three skin conditions were in the top 10 most prevalent diseases globally in 2010-fungal skin diseases (4th global prevalence ¼ 984,290,432), other skin and subcutaneous diseases (5th), and acne vulgaris (8th global prevalence ¼ 645,499,136; Vos et al., 2012).”
From The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions (2014) · cites this paper as Vos et al., 2012
Fungal skin diseases were the 4th most prevalent disease globally in 2010, with an estimated prevalence of 984,290,432.
“Three skin conditions were in the top 10 most prevalent diseases globally in 2010-fungal skin diseases (4th global prevalence ¼ 984,290,432), other skin and subcutaneous diseases (5th), and acne vulgaris (8th global prevalence ¼ 645,499,136; Vos et al., 2012).”
From The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions (2014) · cites this paper as Vos et al., 2012
Other skin and subcutaneous diseases were the 5th most prevalent disease globally in 2010.
“Three skin conditions were in the top 10 most prevalent diseases globally in 2010-fungal skin diseases (4th global prevalence ¼ 984,290,432), other skin and subcutaneous diseases (5th), and acne vulgaris (8th global prevalence ¼ 645,499,136; Vos et al., 2012).”
From The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions (2014) · cites this paper as Vos et al., 2012
In GBD2010, TTH and migraine had estimated global prevalences of 20.1% and 14.7% respectively, and ranked as second and third most common diseases in the world in both males and females.
“In this survey, TTH and migraine, with estimated global prevalences of 20.1% and 14.7% respectively, ranked as second and third most common diseases in the world (behind dental caries) in both males and females.”
From The impact of headache in Europe: principal results of the Eurolight project (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
Migraine was recognized as the seventh highest among specific causes of disability globally, responsible for 2.9% of all YLDs.
“Migraine was recognized as the seventh highest among specific causes of disability globally, responsible for 2.9% of all YLDs [12-15].”
From The impact of headache in Europe: principal results of the Eurolight project (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
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Self-citationAgeing and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
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Self-citationHeart Failure With Preserved, Borderline, and Reduced Ejection Fraction
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Self-citationRisk factors and burden of osteoarthritis
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The Global Burden of Disease Study at 30 years
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Psychiatric genome-wide association study analyses implicate neuronal, immune and histone pathways
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Self-citationA global perspective on the epidemiology of acne
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A summary of the new GINA strategy: a roadmap to asthma control
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The global burden of anxiety disorders in 2010
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The global burden of neck pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study
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Self-citationThe global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review
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Peripheral artery disease: epidemiology and global perspectives
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Self-citationGabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Naghavi, M., Lozano, R., Michaud, C., Ezzati, M., Shibuya, K., Salomon, J. A., Abdalla, S., Aboyans, V., Abraham, J., Ackerman, I., Aggarwal, R., Ahn, S. Y., Ali, M. K., AlMazroa, M. A., Alvarado, M., Anderson, H. R., Anderson, L. M., Andrews, K. G., Atkinson, C., Baddour, L. M., Bahalim, A. N., Barker-Collo, S., Barrero, L. H., Bartels, D. H., Basáñez, M.-G., Baxter, A., Bell, M. L., Benjamin, E. J., Bennett, D., Bernabé, E., Bhalla, K., Bhandari, B., Bikbov, B., Abdulhak, A. B., Birbeck, G., Black, J. A., Blencowe, H., Blore, J. D., Blyth, F., Bolliger, I., Bonaventure, A., Boufous, S., Bourne, R., Boussinesq, M., Braithwaite, T., Brayne, C., Bridgett, L., Brooker, S., Brooks, P., Brugha, T. S., Bryan-Hancock, C., Bucello, C., Buchbinder, R., Buckle, G., Budke, C. M., Burch, M., Burney, P., Burstein, R., Calabria, B., Campbell, B., Canter, C. E., Carabin, H., Carapetis, J., Carmona, L., Cella, C., Charlson, F., Chen, H., Cheng, A. T.-A., Chou, D., Chugh, S. S., Coffeng, L. E., Colan, S. D., Colquhoun, S., Colson, K. E., Condon, J., Connor, M. D., Cooper, L. T., Corriere, M., Cortinovis, M., de Vaccaro, K. C., Couser, W., Cowie, B. C., Criqui, M. H., Cross, M., Dabhadkar, K. C., Dahiya, M., Dahodwala, N., Damsere-Derry, J., Danaei, G., Davis, A., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Dellavalle, R., Delossantos, A., Denenberg, J., Derrett, S., Des Jarlais, D. C., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dherani, M., Diaz-Torne, C., Dolk, H., Dorsey, E. R., Driscoll, T., Duber, H., Ebel, B., Edmond, K., Elbaz, A., Ali, S. E., Erskine, H., Erwin, P. J., Espindola, P., Ewoigbokhan, S. E., Farzadfar, F., Feigin, V., Felson, D. T., Ferrari, A., Ferri, C. P., Fèvre, E. M., Finucane, M. M., Flaxman, S., Flood, L., Foreman, K., Forouzanfar, M. H., Fowkes, F. G. R., Franklin, R., Fransen, M., Freeman, M. K., Gabbe, B. J., Gabriel, S. E., Gakidou, E., Ganatra, H. A., Garcia, B., Gaspari, F., Gillum, R. F., Gmel, G., Gosselin, R., Grainger, R., Groeger, J., Guillemin, F., Gunnell, D., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J., Hagan, H., Halasa, Y. A., Hall, W., Haring, D., Haro, J. M., Harrison, J. E., Havmoeller, R., Hay, R. J., Higashi, H., Hill, C., Hoen, B., Hoffman, H., Hotez, P. J., Hoy, D., Huang, J. J., Ibeanusi, S. E., Jacobsen, K. H., James, S. L., Jarvis, D., Jasrasaria, R., Jayaraman, S., Johns, N., Jonas, J. B., Karthikeyan, G., Kassebaum, N., Kawakami, N., Keren, A., Khoo, J.-P., King, C. H., Knowlton, L. M., Kobusingye, O., Koranteng, A., Krishnamurthi, R., Lalloo, R., Laslett, L. L., Lathlean, T., Leasher, J. L., Lee, Y. Y., Leigh, J., Lim, S. S., Limb, E., Lin, J. K., Lipnick, M., Lipshultz, S. E., Liu, W., Loane, M., Ohno, S. L., Lyons, R., Ma, J., Mabweijano, J., MacIntyre, M. F., Malekzadeh, R., Mallinger, L., Manivannan, S., Marcenes, W., March, L., Margolis, D. J., Marks, G. B., Marks, R., Matsumori, A., Matzopoulos, R., Mayosi, B. M., McAnulty, J. H., McDermott, M. M., McGill, N., McGrath, J., Medina-Mora, M. E., Meltzer, M., Memish, Z. A., Mensah, G. A., Merriman, T. R., Meyer, A.-C., Miglioli, V., Miller, M., Miller, T. R., Mitchell, P. B., Mocumbi, A. O., Moffitt, T. E., Mokdad, A. A., Monasta, L., Montico, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moran, A., Morawska, L., Mori, R., Murdoch, M. E., Mwaniki, M. K., Naidoo, K., Nair, M. N., Naldi, L., Narayan, K. V., Nelson, P. K., Nelson, R. G., Nevitt, M. C., Newton, C. R., Nolte, S., Norman, P., Norman, R., O'Donnell, M., O'Hanlon, S., Olives, C., Omer, S. B., Ortblad, K., Osborne, R., Ozgediz, D., Page, A., Pahari, B., Pandian, J. D., Rivero, A. P., Patten, S. B., Pearce, N., Padilla, R. P., Perez-Ruiz, F., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Phillips, D., Phillips, M. R., Pierce, K., Pion, S., Polanczyk, G. V., Polinder, S., Pope, C. A., Popova, S., Porrini, E., Pourmalek, F., Prince, M., Pullan, R. L., Ramaiah, K. D., Ranganathan, D., Razavi, H., Regan, M., Rehm, J. T., Rein, D. B., Remuzzi, G., Richardson, K., Rivara, F. P., Roberts, T., Robinson, C., De Leòn, F. R., Ronfani, L., Room, R., Rosenfeld, L. C., Rushton, L., Sacco, R. L., Saha, S., Sampson, U., Sanchez-Riera, L., Sanman, E., Schwebel, D. C., Scott, J. G., Segui-Gomez, M., Shahraz, S., Shepard, D. S., Shin, H., Shivakoti, R., Silberberg, D., Singh, D., Singh, G. M., Singh, J. A., Singleton, J., Sleet, D. A., Sliwa, K., Smith, E., Smith, J. L., Stapelberg, N. J., Steer, A., Steiner, T., Stolk, W. A., Stovner, L. J., Sudfeld, C., Syed, S., Tamburlini, G., Tavakkoli, M., Taylor, H. R., Taylor, J. A., Taylor, W. J., Thomas, B., Thomson, W. M., Thurston, G. D., Tleyjeh, I. M., Tonelli, M., Towbin, J. A., Truelsen, T., Tsilimbaris, M. K., Ubeda, C., Undurraga, E. A., van der Werf, M. J., van Os, J., Vavilala, M. S., Venketasubramanian, N., Wang, M., Wang, W., Watt, K., Weatherall, D. J., Weinstock, M. A., Weintraub, R., Weisskopf, M. G., Weissman, M. M., White, R. A., Whiteford, H., Wiersma, S. T., Wilkinson, J. D., Williams, H. C., Williams, S. R., Witt, E., Wolfe, F., Woolf, A. D., Wulf, S., Yeh, P.-H., Zaidi, A. K., Zheng, Z.-J., Zonies, D., Lopez, A. D., & Murray, C. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (US)
- China Medical Board (US)
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health (GB)
- Harvard University (US)
- Hôpital Universitaire Dupuytren (FR)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio (US)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Emory University (US)
- Ministry of Health (SA)
- St George's, University of London (GB)
- University of Washington (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (CO)
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (AU)
- Yale University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Russian University of Medicine (RU)
- Michigan State University (US)
- MRC Epidemiology Unit (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Inserm (FR)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Anglia Ruskin University (GB)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (FR)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Flinders University (AU)
- Monash University (AU)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Great Ormond Street Hospital (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (AU)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
- The Kids Research Institute Australia (AU)
- Camilo José Cela University (ES)
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IT)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica (TW)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Menzies School of Health Research (AU)
- National Health Service Scotland (GB)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (AU)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Medical Research Council (GB)
- Denver VA Medical Center (US)
- University of Otago (NZ)
- University of Peradeniya (LK)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Federal Ministry of Health (SD)
- Hospital Maciel (UY)
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (US)
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Royal Life Saving Society - Australia (AU)
- Howard University (US)
- Addiction Switzerland (CH)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- New York University (US)
- Brandeis University (US)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (ES)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital (AU)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon (FR)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- University of Port Harcourt (NG)
- George Mason University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- University of South Africa (ZA)
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (GH)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- Nova Southeastern University (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Swansea University (GB)
- Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CN)
- Mulago Hospital (UG)
- Digestive Disease Research Institute (IR)
- Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology (JP)
- South African Medical Research Council (ZA)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Thomas Jefferson University (US)
- Alfaisal University (SA)
- Pacific Institute For Research and Evaluation (US)
- Eduardo Mondlane University (MZ)
- Duke University (US)
- IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo (IT)
- Columbia University (US)
- National Center For Child Health and Development (JP)
- Watford General Hospital (GB)
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (ZA)
- Centro Studi GISED (IT)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- Deakin University (AU)
- B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (NP)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (MX)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Brigham Young University (US)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias (ES)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- King's College London (GB)
- Vector Control Research Centre (IN)
- Center for Disease Analysis (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Health Canada (CA)
- Queen's Medical Center (US)
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (US)
- Northern Sydney Local Health District (AU)
- Griffith University (AU)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Aga Khan University (PK)
- Drexel University (US)
- King Fahd Medical City (SA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Herlev Hospital (DK)
- University of Crete (GR)
- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (AR)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- James Cook University (AU)
- Brown University (US)
- Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Arthritis and Rheumatology Clinics of Kansas (US)
- Royal Cornwall Hospital (GB)
- London School of Economics and Political Science (GB)
- Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (DE)
- ORCID
- Vos, Theo
- Flaxman, Abraham D
- Naghavi, Mohsen
- Lozano, Rafael
- Ezzati, Majid
- Shibuya, Kenji
- Salomon, Joshua A
- Abdalla, Safa
- Aboyans, Victor
- Abraham, Jerry
- Ackerman, Ilana
- Aggarwal, Rakesh
- Ali, Mohammed K
- Alvarado, Miriam
- Andrews, Kathryn G
- Baddour, Larry M
- Barker-Collo, Suzanne
- Barrero, Lope H
- Baxter, Amanda
- Bell, Michelle L
- Benjamin, Emelia J
- Bennett, Derrick
- Bernabé, Eduardo
- Bikbov, Boris
- Birbeck, Gretchen
- Black, James A
- Blencowe, Hannah
- Blore, Jed D
- Blyth, Fiona
- Bolliger, Ian
- Bonaventure, Audrey
- Boufous, Soufiane
- Bourne, Rupert
- Boussinesq, Michel
- Braithwaite, Tasanee
- Brayne, Carol
- Brooks, Peter
- Brugha, Traolach S
- Buchbinder, Rachelle
- Buckle, Geoffrey
- Budke, Christine M
- Burch, Michael
- Burney, Peter
- Burstein, Roy
- Calabria, Bianca
- Canter, Charles E
- Carabin, Hélène
- Carapetis, Jonathan
- Carmona, Loreto
- Cella, Claudia
- Charlson, Fiona
- Chen, Honglei
- Chugh, Sumeet S
- Coffeng, Luc E
- Colan, Steven D
- Colquhoun, Samantha
- Condon, John
- Cooper, Leslie T
- Corriere, Matthew
- Criqui, Michael H
- Cross, Marita
- Dahodwala, Nabila
- Danaei, Goodarz
- Davis, Adrian
- Degenhardt, Louisa
- Dellavalle, Robert
- Derrett, Sarah
- Dharmaratne, Samath D
- Dherani, Mukesh
- Dolk, Helen
- Driscoll, Tim
- Duber, Herbert
- Ebel, Beth
- Edmond, Karen
- Elbaz, Alexis
- Erskine, Holly
- Farzadfar, Farshad
- Feigin, Valery
- Felson, David T
- Ferrari, Alize
- Ferri, Cleusa P
- Fèvre, Eric M
- Flaxman, Seth
- Flood, Louise
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H
- Franklin, Richard
- Gabbe, Belinda J
- Gakidou, Emmanuela
- Ganatra, Hammad A
- Gaspari, Flavio
- Gmel, Gerhard
- Gosselin, Richard
- Grainger, Rebecca
- Groeger, Justina
- Gunnell, David
- Gupta, Ramyani
- Haagsma, Juanita
- Hagan, Holly
- Hall, Wayne
- Haro, Josep Maria
- Harrison, James E
- Hay, Roderick J
- Higashi, Hideki
- Hill, Catherine
- Hoen, Bruno
- Hoffman, Howard
- Hotez, Peter J
- Jacobsen, Kathryn H
- Jarvis, Deborah
- Jasrasaria, Rashmi
- Jayaraman, Sudha
- Johns, Nicole
- Jonas, Jost B
- Karthikeyan, Ganesan
- Kassebaum, Nicholas
- Kawakami, Norito
- Keren, Andre
- Khoo, Jon-Paul
- King, Charles H
- Knowlton, Lisa Marie
- Kobusingye, Olive
- Koranteng, Adofo
- Krishnamurthi, Rita
- Lalloo, Ratilal
- Laslett, Laura L
- Leasher, Janet L
- Lee, Yong Yi
- Leigh, James
- Lim, Stephen S
- Limb, Elizabeth
- Lin, John Kent
- Lipnick, Michael
- Lipshultz, Steven E
- Liu, Wei
- Loane, Maria
- Lyons, Ronan
- Malekzadeh, Reza
- Marcenes, Wagner
- March, Lyn
- Margolis, David J
- Marks, Guy B
- Matsumori, Akira
- Matzopoulos, Richard
- Mayosi, Bongani M
- McDermott, Mary M
- McGrath, John
- Memish, Ziad A
- Mensah, George A
- Merriman, Tony R
- Miller, Ted R
- Mitchell, Philip B
- Mocumbi, Ana Olga
- Moffitt, Terrie E
- Monasta, Lorenzo
- Montico, Marcella
- Moran, Andrew
- Mori, Rintaro
- Naidoo, Kovin
- Nair, M Nathan
- Naldi, Luigi
- Nelson, Robert G
- Nevitt, Michael C
- Newton, Charles R
- Nolte, Sandra
- O'Donnell, Martin
- Omer, Saad B
- Ortblad, Katrina
- Osborne, Richard
- Page, Andrew
- Pahari, Bishnu
- Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai
- Patten, Scott B
- Pearce, Neil
- Perico, Norberto
- Pesudovs, Konrad
- Phillips, David
- Pion, Sébastien
- Polanczyk, Guilherme V
- Polinder, Suzanne
- Pope, C Arden
- Popova, Svetlana
- Porrini, Esteban
- Pourmalek, Farshad
- Prince, Martin
- Pullan, Rachel L
- Ramaiah, Kapa D
- Ranganathan, Dharani
- Razavi, Homie
- Regan, Mathilda
- Rehm, Jürgen T
- Rein, David B
- Richardson, Kathryn
- Rivara, Frederick P
- Roberts, Thomas
- Robinson, Carolyn
- Ronfani, Luca
- Room, Robin
- Rosenfeld, Lisa C
- Saha, Sukanta
- Schwebel, David C
- Scott, James Graham
- Shepard, Donald S
- Shin, Hwashin
- Shivakoti, Rupak
- Singh, Gitanjali M
- Singh, Jasvinder A
- Sleet, David A
- Sliwa, Karen
- Smith, Emma
- Stapelberg, Nicolas JC
- Steer, Andrew
- Steiner, Timothy
- Stolk, Wilma A
- Stovner, Lars Jacob
- Sudfeld, Christopher
- Syed, Sana
- Tamburlini, Giorgio
- Tavakkoli, Mohammad
- Taylor, Hugh R
- Taylor, William J
- Thomson, W Murray
- Thurston, George D
- Tleyjeh, Imad M
- Tonelli, Marcello
- Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K
- Undurraga, Eduardo A
- Vavilala, Monica S
- Venketasubramanian, N
- Wang, Wenzhi
- Watt, Kerrianne
- Weinstock, Martin A
- Weisskopf, Marc G
- Weissman, Myrna M
- White, Richard A
- Whiteford, Harvey
- Wiersma, Steven T
- Wilkinson, James D
- Williams, Hywel C
- Woolf, Anthony D
- Zonies, David
- Murray, Christopher JL
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 380
- Issue
- 9859
- Pages
- 2163-2196
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC6350784
- OpenAlex
- W2108344016
- Cited by
- 8,291
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 199 · 2025: 380 · 2024: 460 · 2023: 536 · 2022: 678 · 2021: 632 · 2020: 755 · 2019: 711 · 2018: 674 · 2017: 751 · 2016: 738 · 2015: 820 · 2014: 653 · 2013: 280 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 917.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- Bond University Research Portal (Bond University) (submittedVersion)
- NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- UNIFESP Institutional Repository (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Sabin Vaccine Institute
- PepsiCo
- World Health Organization
- Vanderbilt University
- Arthritis Foundation of Australia
- Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
- University of Otago
- European Chemical Industry Council
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
- Wellcome Trust (085308, 092654, 095009, 098045)
- Anglia Ruskin University
- Brien Holden Vision Institute
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
- Australian Government
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0611-10084)
- Bupa Foundation
- University of Leicester
- Imperial College London
- University of Tasmania
- South African Medical Research Council
- University of New South Wales
- University of Sydney
- Monash University
- University of Melbourne
- Flinders University
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Department of Health, State Government of Victoria
- Shire
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Universidad de Navarra
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
- University of Cape Town
- Sociedad Española de Reumatología
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- World Heart Federation
- Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education
- Tasmanian Community Fund
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- National Institutes of Health (2002-2004, ES00260.)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Allergan
- Pan American Health Organization
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Health Research Council of New Zealand
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22390130)
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre
- National Institute on Aging (K23AG034236)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K08HL089675)
- National Cancer Institute
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES00260, ES015459, P30ES000260, T32ES015459)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- Cilag
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Global Health and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Demography › Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Keywords
- years lived with disability, disability weights, prevalence estimation, disability incidence, excess mortality, comorbidities, mental and behavioral disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes mellitus, endocrine disorders, Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, uncertainty estimation, natural history model
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Global Health, Wounds and Injuries, Incidence, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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