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Night shift work at specific age ranges and chronic disease risk factors
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: We examined the association of night shift work history and age when night shift work was performed with cancer and cardiovascular disease risk factors among 54 724 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) II. METHODS: We calculated age-adjusted and socioeconomic status-adjusted means and percentages for cancer and cardiovascular risk factors in 2009 across categories of night shift work history. We used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for key risk factors among 54 724 participants (72% ever shift workers). We further examined these associations by age (20-25, 26-35, 36-45 and 46+ years) at which shift work was performed. RESULTS: Ever night shift workers had increased odds of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2); OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.43); higher caffeine intake (≥131 mg/day; OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.22) and total calorie intake (≥1715 kcal/day; OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.13); current smoking (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.42); and shorter sleep durations (≤7 h of sleep/day; OR=1.19, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.24) compared to never night shift workers. These estimates varied depending on age at which night work was performed, with a suggestion that night shift work before age 25 was associated with fewer risk factors compared to night shift work at older ages. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that night shift work may contribute to an adverse chronic disease risk profile, and that risk factors may vary depending on the age at which night shift work was performed.
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“For example, chronic shift-workers (workers with rotating schedules or consistent night shifts) are vulnerable to various diseases13,14, including psychiatric disorders such as depression15–19.”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Moreover, shift work is associated with obesity (Biggi et al. 2008; Karlsson et al. 2001; Ramin et al. 2015); therefore, it might be associated with an increased OSA risk.”
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Smith, K. L., Danyluk, A. B., Munir, S. S., & Covassin, N. (2022) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-022-01474-z · Cited by 11
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“Only a few studies have reported more detailed characteristics of night shift work and obesity (defined by BMI) [17,39].”
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Patel, V. C., Spaeth, A. M., & Basner, M. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21596 · Cited by 11
“In America, shift work among nurses is linked with increased BMI, and shift work among truck drivers is associated with poor sleep quality (26,27).”
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Postma, J. M., Tuell, E. J., James, L., Graves, J. M., & Butterfield, P. (2017) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/2165079917719713 · Cited by 11
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“Our results, showing a moderate but meaningful positive correlation between burnout severity and on-call or night-shift schedules, align with prior evidence linking occupational scheduling to circadian misalignment and melatonin dysregulation [1–4].”
InfluentialAdaptive Solutions to the Problem of Vulnerability During Sleep
Wichlinski, L. J. (2022) · Evolutionary Psychological Science · doi:10.1007/s40806-022-00330-3 · Cited by 13
“As already noted, night shift work in modern industrialized societies is associated with a number of negative health consequences (Moreno et al, 2019; Ramin et al., 2015; Torquati et al., 2019; Wegryzyn et al., 2017).”
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van Elk, F., der Holst, H. M. L., Robroek, S. J., Burdorf, A., & Hengel, K. M. O. (2024) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104881 · Cited by 9
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“Most studies have either included only men [64], only women [65], or have not made comparisons between both sexes [66].”
Chronopharmacology-Driven Precision Therapies for Time-Optimized Cardiometabolic Disease Management
Satyam, S. M., Prabhakar, S., El‐Tanani, M., Bhongade, B. A., Wali, A. F., Rangraze, I. R., Matalka, I. I., El‐Tanani, Y., Rizzo, M., Ispas, S., et al. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15030241 · Cited by 10
“The elderly population, along with adolescents and night-shift workers, experiences elevated risk levels [46].”
Dial, M. B., Malek, E. M., Cooper, A. R., Neblina, G. A., Vasileva, N. I., Hines, D. J., & McGinnis, G. R. (2024) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00632.2023 · Cited by 10
Nursing Students’ Sleep Patterns and Perceptions of Safe Practice During Their Entrée to Shift Work
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Night work is related to higher global and central adiposity in Brazil: National Health Survey, 2013
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Implications of Lifestyle and Occupational Factors on the Risk of Breast Cancer in Shiftwork Nurses
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“Obesity has been associated with consecutive night shifts (more than 8 shifts per month) and cumulative years of night work (more than 20 years) [36,77,78], as well as increased tobacco consumption [51].”
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Sleep Disorders across the Lifespan: A Different Perspective
Garbarino, S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17239025 · Cited by 10
“For example, chronic shift-workers (workers with rotating schedules or consistent night shifts) are vulnerable to numerous diseases [15], including psychiatric disorders such as depression [16].”
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van de Ven, H. A., Brouwer, S., Koolhaas, W., Goudswaard, A., de Looze, M. P., Kecklund, G., Almansa, J., Bültmann, U., & van der Klink, J. J. L. (2016) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.04.004 · Cited by 8
Szafran‐Dobrowolska, J., Renke, M., & Jeżewska, M. (2019) · International Maritime Health · doi:10.5603/imh.2019.0003 · Cited by 8
Hanif, A., Okafor, D. K., Katyal, G., Kaur, G., Ashraf, H., Bodapati, A., & Nath, T. S. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.71003 · Cited by 10
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“For example the risk of chronic disease is greater in shiftworkers, that is, anyone working outside of conventional daytime hours (e.g., early morning, late evening, night-work, and on-call) [22, 24], compared to day workers.”
BackgroundHanprathet, N., Lertmaharit, S., Lohsoonthorn, V., Rattananupong, T., Ammaranond, P., & Jiamjarasrangsi, W. (2019) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s219524 · Cited by 8
Night shift work and occupational health
Vicente-Herrero, M. T., Alberich, J. I. T., García, L. C., Gómez, J. I., de la Torre, M. V. R. Í., García, M. J. T., Garrido, J. A., López‐González, Á. A., Moscardó, L. M., & Buedo, V. E. (2016) · Revista Española de Medicina Legal · doi:10.1016/j.remle.2016.11.001 · Cited by 7
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Baldwin, C. M., Tucker, S., Imes, C. C., Reynaga-Ornelas, L., Trinkoff, A. M., Weinstein, S. M., & Dunbar‐Jacob, J. M. (2024) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2024.102344 · Cited by 6
Chronic and Traumatic Stress Among Emergency Medical Services Personnel
Karrasch, S., Hitzler, M., Behnke, A., Tumani, V., Kolassa, I., & Rojas, R. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000600 · Cited by 7
Overtime, Shift Work, Poor Sleep and the Effects on Obesity: A Public Health Problem
Faghri, P. D., & Buden, J. C. (2015) · Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2161-0509.1000e126 · Cited by 5
“Numerous studies have reported on negative changes in sleep quality in employees working rotating or night shifts [21-23].”
BackgroundCrawford, J. O., Cherrie, J. W., Davis, A., Dixon, K., Alexander, C. S., Cowie, H. A., & McElvenny, D. M. (2017) · Policy and Practice in Health and Safety · doi:10.1080/14773996.2017.1405575 · Cited by 6
“Several studies have shown that shift workers are more likely to be obese than other workers (Bushnell, Colombi, Caruso, & Tak, 2010; Ramin et al., 2015; van Drongelen, Boot, Merkus, Smid, & Beek, 2011), and obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and is associated with poorer…”
BackgroundEffect of Work on Medical Expenditures by Elderly: Findings From the Korean Health Panel 2008–2013
Hyun, M. K. (2018) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2018.01.001 · Cited by 6
Carpio-Arias, T. V., Mogrovejo, D. C., Cifuentes, T. M. N., Veloz, E. C. T., Zeeuw, C. I. D., & Veloz, M. F. V. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.01.017 · Cited by 6
“CD can be artificially induced by working in night shifts, which involves non physiological rest schedules and exposure to artificial light at night [3].”
BackgroundThe Effects of Constant Light and Running-Wheel Access in Middle-Aged Female C57BL6/J Mice
Contini, F. M., Burke, S. G., Price, J. C., McFarland, A. T., Joseph, E. W., Murphy, C. A., Burns, M. E., Michaud, J., & Seggio, J. (2024) · Sleep Science · doi:10.1055/s-0044-1791234 · Cited by 5
Night shift work and breast cancer risk in healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Esposito, G., Bravi, F., Santucci, C., Zunarelli, C., Violante, F. S., Vecchia, C. L., Negri, E., & Turati, F. (2025) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqaf040 · Cited by 5
“[35], the history of night shift work was only collected over the 10-year period preceding the recruitment of middle-aged adults, with the possibility of missing out exposure in early career, when it is often more common [48].”
Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in nurses working night shifts
Johnson, C. Y., Tanz, L. J., Lawson, C. C., Howards, P. P., Bertone‐Johnson, E. R., Eliassen, A. H., Schernhammer, E. S., & Rich-Edwards, J. W. (2019) · Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health · doi:10.1080/19338244.2019.1577210 · Cited by 5
“We controlled for age, a known and important confounder because young age is strongly associated with both working night shifts and higher AMH levels.(39,40) Confounding by unmeasured or overlooked confounders remains a concern because AMH was only recently identified as a biomarker for ovarian reserve, and there is s…”
BackgroundSelf-citationHarm of circadian misalignment to the hearts of the adolescent wistar rats
Wang, Y., Hou, Y., Song, S., Zuo, Y., Yu, Y., Chi, Y., & Zhang, T. (2022) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03546-w · Cited by 5
“Furthermore, under similar conditions of CM, the probability of cardiovascular disease is lower in young individuals including adolescents compared to the middle-aged adults and the elderly [5, 8].”
BackgroundHuang, C., Yu, S., Yu, H.-S., Tu, H., Yeh, Y., & Yu, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1320713 · Cited by 5
Effect of Caffeine on the Hemostatic Response to Firefighting Drills
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Association of Night Shifts and Lifestyle Risks With Incident Dementia
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An examination of the relationship between sunlight exposure and hot flush in working women
Xu, Q., Esterman, A., Dorrian, J., & Warland, J. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1737101 · Cited by 4
“Moreover, shift work exerts effect on hot flushes via variables such as BMI and smoking (Carpenter et al. 2015; Kivimäki et al. 2001; Ramin et al. 2015; Smith et al. 2015, 2018; van Amelsvoort et al. 2006; Zhao et al. 2012).”
BackgroundTrabajo nocturno y salud laboral
Vicente-Herrero, M. T., Alberich, J. I. T., García, L. C., Gómez, J. I., de la Torre, M. V. R. Í., García, M. J. T., Garrido, J. A., López‐González, Á. A., Moscardó, L. M., & Buedo, V. E. (2016) · Revista Española de Medicina Legal · doi:10.1016/j.reml.2016.01.001 · Cited by 4
Social jetlag alters markers of exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations in the heart
Dial, M. B., Malek, E. M., Cooper, A. R., Neblina, G. A., Vasileva, N. I., & McGinnis, G. R. (2025) · npj Biological Timing and Sleep · doi:10.1038/s44323-024-00019-9 · Cited by 3
Wang, H., Li, D., Wang, M., Zhang, B., Jiang, Z., Wu, Y. R., Duan, J., Huang, D. B., Ren, P., & Zhang, S. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2025.3626143 · Cited by 3
Ervasti, J. M., Peutere, L., Virtanen, M., Krutova, O., Koskinen, A., Härmä, M., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Ropponen, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.926057 · Cited by 3
“The results on physical activity have been mixed (40, 42), but a previous study originating from the same Finnish public sector cohort as used in this study, showed an increased probability of physical activity in employees with night shifts (43).”
ResultA nomogram for predicting lung-related diseases among construction workers in Wuhan, China
Chen, X., Yin, W., Wu, J., Luo, Y., Wu, J., Li, G., Jiang, J., Yao, Y., Wan, S., Yi, G., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1032188 · Cited by 3
“It is also considered as an independent risk factor for diabetes (41), vascular events (42), chronic diseases (43), breast cancer (44).”
BackgroundImplications of the Changing Nature of Work for Employee Health and Safety
Sinclair, R. R., Morgan, J., & Johnson, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108278034.023 · Cited by 3
Trabalho noturno e pressão arterial: um estudo com foco nas doses de exposição
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Night Work and Sustainable Working Life—A Prospective Trajectory Analysis of Swedish Twins
Ropponen, A., Wang, M., Raza, A., Narusyte, J., & Svedberg, P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710857 · Cited by 3
“, the employee and his/her characteristics (such as occupation [19], socioeconomic status, or education [20], and family situation [21]), merit attention.”
BackgroundSkogstad, M., Alsaedi, S., Sirnes, P. A., Mamen, A., Skare, Ø., Goffeng, E. M., Goffeng, L. O., Matre, D., & Aass, H. C. D. (2025) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2025-110191 · Cited by 3
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in White Collar Workers Under Shift Work
Vangelova, K. K. (2017) · Acta Medica Bulgarica · doi:10.1515/amb-2017-0011 · Cited by 3
“Shift work is associated with circadian disruption, disturbs sleep and social life, and modifi es disease risk factors [1, 2).”
BackgroundNight Shift Work and Weight Gain among Female Filipino Nurses
Apellido, R. (2018) · Journal of Obesity and Overweight · doi:10.15744/2455-7633.4.106 · Cited by 3
Long Working Hours and the Risk of Chronic Disease
Pál, A., Dwivedi, L., & Kumari, D. (2018) · Social Change · doi:10.1177/0049085717743839 · Cited by 3
“This may be because females over the age of 40 might have been subjected to family stress and gained more weight over time or age (Caruso, Hitchcock, Dick, Russo, & Schmit, 2004; Ramin et al., 2015).”
BackgroundPereira, R. S. F., de Gusmão, J. L., dos Santos, C. A., & Silva, A. (2019) · Revista Enfermagem Atual In Derme · doi:10.31011/reaid-2017-v.82-n.20-art.301 · Cited by 3
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The costs of care: An ethnography of care work in two residential homes for older people
Johnson, E. K. (2018) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 3
Scope and limitations of a capability-based measure of Job Quality in Central America
Soffia, M. (2018) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.32296 · Cited by 4
“On another dimension of scheduling, night or irregular shifts have been typically associated to higher risks of chronic disease compared to day shifts workers, essentially due to higher caffeine and total calorie intake, or sleep deprivation as it is often the case of health care assistants, guards, receptionists and…”
BackgroundHeibati, B., Lacy, P., & Makris, K. C. (2026) · Journal of the National Cancer Center · doi:10.1016/j.jncc.2026.04.007 · Cited by 2
Zhang, Y., Zhao, L., Jia, Y., Zhang, X., Han, Y., Lü, P., & Yuan, H. (2024) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.14.04110 · Cited by 4
“For example, Ramin et al. [11] reported a link between the risk of obesity and the number of night shifts per month; conversely, a cohort study of Norwegian nurses found no association between change in body mass index and number of night shifts per year [12].”
ResultDaily Brain Metabolic Rhythms of Wild Nocturnal Bats
Wang, T., Wang, H., Chu, Y., Bao, M., Li, X., Zhang, G., & Feng, J. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25189850 · Cited by 3
“Several studies have shown that there were strong associations between disrupted circadian rhythms and disorders of the central nervous system, resulting in a high risk of brain diseases in humans [9,10].”
BackgroundHealthcare staff perceptions of the hospital food environment: a narrative systematic review
McSweeney, L., Buczkowska, M., Denning, L., Elcock, M., & Spence, S. (2025) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898002500031x · Cited by 2
Caffeine consumption by nurses and other medical staff
Kapała, A., Kapała, W., & Wojtyła-Buciora, P. (2024) · Biuletyn Głównej Biblioteki Lekarskiej · doi:10.2478/bgbl-2024-0024 · Cited by 3
Ranawat, R., & Srivastava, R. (2017) · Journal of Applied and Natural Science · doi:10.31018/jans.v9i3.1362 · Cited by 2
“Ramin et al. (2015) reported that among modifiable risk factors like BMI, higher daily caloric and caffeine intake and shorter sleep duration, night shift workers were also more likely to be smokers (7% vs. 5”
BackgroundWork and Health Correlates of Sleep Quantity and Quality among Correctional Nurses
Zhang, Y., El Ghaziri, M., Dugan, A. G., & Castro, M. E. (2019) · Journal of Forensic Nursing · doi:10.1097/jfn.0000000000000233 · Cited by 2
Assiry, Z. S. A., Alhazmi, A. H., Al-Ahmari, S. M., Asiri, F. S., Alshomrani, A. A., Ahmary, W. S. H. A., Alwadani, S. A. J., Alshamrani, K. A., Al-Shahrani, B. F., & Almusa, A. A. (2023) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2023.952562441 · Cited by 2
Najafabadi, A. M., Roohafza, H., Feizi, A., & Sarrafzadegan, N. (2020) · کومش · doi:10.29252/koomesh.22.1.122 · Cited by 2
“[40] Ramin C, Devore EE, Wang W, Pierre-Paul J, Wegrzyn LR, Schernhammer ES.”
Uzdil, Z., Kaya, S., Kayacan, A. G., Özyıldırım, C., Kaya, P., & Ulus, C. A. (2020) · Progress in Health Sciences · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.6579 · Cited by 2
“Similarly, according to the results of a cohort study involving nurses, there was more caffeine and total caloric intake in the night shift [30].”
ResultPiszczek, M. M., Yestrepsky, J. M., & Thrasher, G. R. (2023) · Work Aging and Retirement · doi:10.1093/workar/waad014 · Cited by 1
Yoon, J. M., Trinkoff, A. M., Selby, V., & Kim, E. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105162 · Cited by 1
Effect of initiation and cessation of night shift work on health: A retrospective longitudinal study
Shin, S. (2025) · Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health · doi:10.1080/19338244.2025.2585263 · Cited by 1
Rotating night shift work, gestational diabetes and risk of type 2 diabetes among US nurses
Agarwal, I., Frankenfeld, C. L., Schernhammer, E. S., Strohmaier, S., Fleisch, A. F., Rich-Edwards, J. W., & Tobias, D. K. (2026) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2025-110594 · Cited by 1
“Night shift work may also contribute to metabolic dysregulation indirectly, via behaviours such as decreased sleep duration, increased total energy intake, irregular meal timing and smoking, 17 all of which are more common among night shift workers.”
Self-citationShift work, genetic risk, and incident gout: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank
Wu, C., Zhang, H., Xia, J., Peng, B., Chen, J., Wang, M., Wu, S., Jiang, Z., Ji, S., Yang, Y., et al. (2026) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-026-01888-1 · Cited by 1
“This may be due to shift workers have a higher likelihood of smoking behavior [50], which could increase gout risk [51], further exacerbating the detrimental effects of SW.”
Caruso, C. C., Baldwin, C. M., Berger, A. M., Chasens, E. R., Edmonson, J. C., Gobel, B. H., Landis, C. A., Patrician, P. A., Redeker, N. S., Scott, L., et al. (2020) · Southwest Journal of Pulmonary and Critical Care · doi:10.13175/swjpcc031-20 · Cited by 1
Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis and Environmental Risk Factors
McKay, K. A., & Tremlett, H. L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61883-4_10 · Cited by 1
Occupational Health and Safety in the Healthcare Sector
Modenese, A., & Gobba, F. (2022) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-4593-6 · Cited by 1
Li, K., Mooney, E. T., McArthur, M. L., Hall, E. F., & Quain, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1355505 · Cited by 1
Tanaka, R., Sakuragi, T., Tsuji, M., Tateishi, S., Hino, A., Ogami, A., Nagata, M., Matsuda, S., Fujino, Y., & for the CORoNaWork Project (2024) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276241279221 · Cited by 1
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“As women age from 18 to 45, increasing social responsibilities, such as childcare and family care duties, may limit their capacity to engage in irregular work hours [49, 50].”
Occupational stress in emergency medical services
Budimski, M., Momirović-Stojković, M., Gavrilović, N., & Jakšić-Horvat, K. (2017) · ABC - časopis urgentne medicine · doi:10.5937/abc1701001b · Cited by 1
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Zwyczaje żywieniowe osób pracujących w systemie zmianowym a stan ich zdrowia
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Effects of shift working and noise exposure on blood pressure in nurses
Zare, M. R., Asadzadeh, L., & Rahimpour, R. (2020) · Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.29252/jpm.6.2.1 · Cited by 1
Circadian Disruption, Mammographic Density and Risk of Breast Cancer
Wegrzyn, L. R. (2016) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) · Cited by 1
Self-citationShift work and coronary artery disease
Shiri, R. (2016) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2016-103668 · Cited by 1
Psychosocial factors in relation to risk of diabetes and weight gain in African-American women
Bacon, K. L. (2016) · OpenBU (Boston University)
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Shift work and cardiovascular risk factors : Prevention among airline employees
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Ruth Horie: An Oral History Biography and Feminist Analysis
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ramin, C., Devore, E. E., Wang, W., Pierre-Paul, J., Wegrzyn, L. R., & Schernhammer, E. S.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schernhammer, Eva S
- Venue
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2014-09-26
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 100-107
- ISSN
- 0007-1072 (ISSN-L)
- 1351-0711
- 1470-7926
- PMC
- PMC4289641
- OpenAlex
- W2140732231
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 13
- FWCI
- 26.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (UM1CA176726, R25CA098566)
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (5R01OH009803, R01OH009803)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- night shift work, shift work, cancer risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, obesity, caffeine consumption, smoking, sleep duration, dietary intake, women, Nurses' Health Study II
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Caffeine, Energy Intake, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Nurses, Obesity, Occupational Diseases, Risk Factors, Sleep, Smoking, Work Schedule Tolerance, Body Mass Index, Odds Ratio, Occupational Exposure, Young Adult
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