The 5A’s vs 3A’s plus proactive quitline referral in private practice dental offices: preliminary results: Table 1

Gordon, Judith S; Andrews, Judy A; Crews, Karen M; Payne, Thomas J; Severson, Herbert H

doi:10.1136/tc.2007.020271

Cited by 80Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesHealth Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention

The 5A’s vs 3A’s plus proactive quitline referral in private practice dental offices: preliminary results: Table 1

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Gordon, Judith S, Andrews, Judy A, Crews, Karen M, Payne, Thomas J, Severson, Herbert H·2007·Tobacco Control

DOI 10.1136/tc.2007.020271PMC PMC2598528

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Abstract

Aims: The primary aim of our randomised control trial (RCT) was to evaluate the relative efficacy of two dental office based interventions compared to usual care. One intervention consisted of a combination of dental practitioner advice to quit and proactive telephone counselling (3A’s), and the other arm consisted of a dental practitioner delivered intervention based on the 5A’s of the Clinical Practice Guideline (5A’s). Method: 2177 tobacco using patients were enrolled from 68 dental practices in Mississippi. We collected 3-month outcome data from 76% (n = 1652) of participants. Results: Smokers in the two intervention conditions quit at a higher rate than those in usual care; χ 2 (1, n = 1381) = 3.10, p<0.05. Although not significant, more patients in the 5A’s condition quit than those in the 3A’s. Of patients in the 3A’s Condition, 50% reported being asked by their dentist or hygienists about fax referral to the quitline, and 35% were referred. Quitline counsellors contacted 143 (70%) referred participants. Conclusion: These results suggest that there are both advantages and disadvantages to the use of quitlines as an adjunct to brief counselling provided by dental practitioners. Patients receiving quitline counselling quit at higher rates than those who did not; however, only a small percentage of patients received counselling from the quitline. Therefore, it appears that dental professionals may be most effective in helping their patients to quit by regularly providing the 5A’s plus proactively referring only those patients who are highly motivated to a quitline for more intensive counselling.

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The latter, less frequently performed 3 A's have the greatest impact on healthful behavior change.
“and it is these latter, less frequently performed 3 A’s that have the greatest impact on healthful behavior change.22,47–51”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [49]

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Wanyonyi, K. (2015) · Research Portal (King's College London)
Tabaksgebruik en mondgezondheid (tobacco)
Visschere, L. D. (2016) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-1030-2_10
Additional file 4 of An economic evaluation of a specialist preventive care clinician in a community mental health service: a randomised controlled trial
Fehily, C. M. C., Ling, R., Searles, A., Bartlem, K. M., Wiggers, J. H., Hodder, R., Wilson, A. J., Colyvas, K., & Bowman, J. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12284915
Additional file 2 of An economic evaluation of a specialist preventive care clinician in a community mental health service: a randomised controlled trial
Fehily, C. M. C., Ling, R., Searles, A., Bartlem, K. M., Wiggers, J. H., Hodder, R., Wilson, A. J., Colyvas, K., & Bowman, J. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12284903
Additional file 5 of An economic evaluation of a specialist preventive care clinician in a community mental health service: a randomised controlled trial
Fehily, C. M. C., Ling, R., Searles, A., Bartlem, K. M., Wiggers, J. H., Hodder, R., Wilson, A. J., Colyvas, K., & Bowman, J. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12284921
Additional file 6 of An economic evaluation of a specialist preventive care clinician in a community mental health service: a randomised controlled trial
Fehily, C. M. C., Ling, R., Searles, A., Bartlem, K. M., Wiggers, J. H., Hodder, R., Wilson, A. J., Colyvas, K., & Bowman, J. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12284924
Additional file 3 of An economic evaluation of a specialist preventive care clinician in a community mental health service: a randomised controlled trial
Fehily, C. M. C., Ling, R., Searles, A., Bartlem, K. M., Wiggers, J. H., Hodder, R., Wilson, A. J., Colyvas, K., & Bowman, J. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12284909
Additional file 1 of An economic evaluation of a specialist preventive care clinician in a community mental health service: a randomised controlled trial
Fehily, C. M. C., Ling, R., Searles, A., Bartlem, K. M., Wiggers, J. H., Hodder, R., Wilson, A. J., Colyvas, K., & Bowman, J. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12284897
Brief Smoking Cessation Interventions Delivered to Adult Smokers by Dental Auxiliaries in Primary Healthcare: A Scoping Review
Mahasneh, A. M., Yusuf, H., & Mathur, M. R. (2026) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.70152

Do Faxed Quitline Referrals Add Value to Dental Office–Based Tobacco-Use Cessation Interventions?
Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Crews, K. M., Payne, T. J., Severson, H. H., & Lichtenstein, E. (2010) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0314 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation
Tobacco use quitline enrollment through dental practices
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Computer-Assisted Guidance for Dental Office Tobacco-Cessation Counseling
Rindal, D. B., Rush, W. A., Schleyer, T., Kirshner, M. C., Boyle, R. G., Thoele, M. J., Asche, S. E., Thyvalikakath, T. P., Spallek, H., Durand, E., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.023 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A Brief Smoking Cessation Service in a Dental Clinic with Proactive Quitline Referral for Patients Awaiting Periodontal Treatment
Chaipiyawuthiruk, S., Laohapand, P., & Chidchuangchai, W. (2013)
A Randomized Control Trial of Smoking Cessation Interventions Conducted by Dentists
Yahya, N. A., Saub, R., & Nor, M. M. (2018) · Sains Malaysiana · doi:10.17576/jsm-2018-4701-16 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Authors: Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Crews, K. M., Payne, T. J., & Severson, H. H.
Affiliations: Oregon Research Institute (US)
University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Gordon, Judith S
ORCID: Gordon, Judith S
Andrews, Judy A
Payne, Thomas J
Severson, Herbert H
Venue: Tobacco Control
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2007-07-24
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Pages: 285-288
ISSN: 0964-4563 (ISSN-L)
1468-3318
DOI: 10.1136/tc.2007.020271
PMC: PMC2598528
OpenAlex: W1965400615
Cited by: 80
References: 14
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 4.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Tobacco Control (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA017972)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
Keywords: tobacco cessation, quitline referral, telephone counseling, brief counseling, smoking cessation, dentists
MeSH terms: Counseling, Dentistry, Female, Humans, Male, Mississippi, Private Practice, Referral and Consultation, Hotlines, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Practice Guidelines as Topic

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