Whole-body fat oxidation increases more by prior exercise than overnight fasting in elite endurance athletes.
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this study was to compare whole-body fat oxidation kinetics after prior exercise with overnight fasting in elite endurance athletes. Thirteen highly trained athletes (9 men and 4 women; maximal oxygen uptake: 66 ± 1 mL·min(-1)·kg(-1)) performed 3 identical submaximal incremental tests on a cycle ergometer using a cross-over design. A control test (CON) was performed 3 h after a standardized breakfast, a fasting test (FAST) 12 h after a standardized evening meal, and a postexercise test (EXER) after standardized breakfast, endurance exercise, and 2 h fasting recovery. The test consisted of 3 min each at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of maximal oxygen uptake and fat oxidation rates were measured through indirect calorimetry. During CON, maximal fat oxidation rate was 0.51 ± 0.04 g·min(-1) compared with 0.69 ± 0.04 g·min(-1) in FAST (P < 0.01), and 0.89 ± 0.05 g·min(-1) in EXER (P < 0.01). Across all intensities, EXER was significantly higher than FAST and FAST was higher than CON (P < 0.01). Blood insulin levels were lower and free fatty acid and cortisol levels were higher at the start of EXER compared with CON and FAST (P < 0.05). Plasma nuclear magnetic resonance-metabolomics showed similar changes in both EXER and FAST, including increased levels of fatty acids and succinate. In conclusion, prior exercise significantly increases whole-body fat oxidation during submaximal exercise compared with overnight fasting. Already high rates of maximal fat oxidation in elite endurance athletes were increased by approximately 75% after prior exercise and fasting recovery.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A very low rate of fat oxidation is observed during high-intensity exercise.
“Additionally, a very low rate of fat oxidation is observed during high-intensity exercise (Romijn et al., 1993; Andersson Hall et al., 2016).”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Andersson Hall et al., 2016
The Fat oxidation test section measures fat oxidation up to 80% of VO₂max, but does not characterize its rate at high intensity as very low. The Incremental fat oxidation tests section reports differences among exercise, fasting, and control conditions rather than establishing the claimed low rate; a search for declining or negligible oxidation at higher intensities found no such statement in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
HMDB 3.0—The Human Metabolome Database in 2013
Wishart, D. S., Jewison, T., Guo, A. C., Wilson, M., Knox, C., Liu, Y., Djoumbou-Feunang, Y., Mandal, R., Aziat, F., Dong, E., et al. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gks1065 · Cited by 2,845 · see citing works
Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange.
Frayn, K. N. (1983) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1983.55.2.628 · Cited by 2,365 · see citing works
OPLS discriminant analysis: combining the strengths of PLS-DA and SIMCA classification
Bylesjö, M., Rantalainen, M., Cloarec, O., Nicholson, J. K., Holmes, E., & Trygg, J. (2006) · Journal of Chemometrics · doi:10.1002/cem.1006 · Cited by 1,475 · see citing works
Citric acid cycle intermediates as ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors
He, W., Miao, F. J.-P., Lin, D. C.-H., Schwandner, R. T., Wang, Z., Gao, J., Chen, J.-L., Tian, H., & Ling, L. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02488 · Cited by 909 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, there has been interest in succinate over the last decade as a signalling molecule and ligand of the GPR91 receptor with suggestions that it promotes gluconeogenesis and reabsorption of glucose in the proximal tubule (He et al. 2004).”
BackgroundThe effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans
van Loon, L. J. C., Greenhaff, P. L., Constantin‐Teodosiu, D., Saris, W. H. M., & Wagenmakers, A. J. M. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00295.x · Cited by 897 · see citing works
icoshift: A versatile tool for the rapid alignment of 1D NMR spectra
Savorani, F., Tomasi, G., & Engelsen, S. B. (2009) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2009.11.012 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Muscle Glycogen during Prolonged Severe Exercise
Hermansen, L., Hultman, E., & Saltin, B. (1967) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03719.x · Cited by 752 · see citing works
: what do we know, and what do we still need to know?
Levine, B. D. (2007) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.147629 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Regulation of the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Harris, R. A., Bowker-Kinley, M. M., Huang, B., & Wu, P. (2002) · Advances in Enzyme Regulation · doi:10.1016/s0065-2571(01)00061-9 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Exercise-induced maximal metabolic rate scales with muscle aerobic capacity
Weibel, E. R., & Hoppeler, H. H. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.01548 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Wu, P., Inskeep, K., Bowker-Kinley, M. M., Popov, K. M., & Harris, R. A. (1999) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.8.1593 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle adaptation: training twice every second day vs. training once daily
Hansen, A. K., Fischer, C. P., Plomgaard, P., Andersen, J. L., Saltin, B., & Pedersen, B. K. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00163.2004 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Yeo, W. K., Paton, C. D., Garnham, A. P., Burke, L. M., Carey, A. L., & Hawley, J. A. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90882.2008 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
icoshift: An effective tool for the alignment of chromatographic data
Tomasi, G., Savorani, F., & Engelsen, S. B. (2011) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.086 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Carbohydrate availability and exercise training adaptation: Too much of a good thing?
Bartlett, J. D., Hawley, J. A., & Morton, J. P. (2015) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.920926 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Training with Low Muscle Glycogen Enhances Fat Metabolism in Well-Trained Cyclists
HULSTON, C. J., VENABLES, M. C., MANN, C. H., MARTIN, C., PHILP, A., BAAR, K., & JEUKENDRUP, A. E. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181dd5070 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Beneficial metabolic adaptations due to endurance exercise training in the fasted state
Van Proeyen, K., Szlufcik, K., Nielens, H., Ramaekers, M., & Hespel, P. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00907.2010 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Branched-Chain Amino Acids as Fuels and Anabolic Signals in HumanMuscle
Rennie, M. J., Bohé, J., Smith, K., Wackerhage, H., & Greenhaff, P. (2006) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.1.264s · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Morton, J. P., Croft, L., Bartlett, J. D., MacLaren, D. P. M., Reilly, T., Evans, L., McArdle, A., & Drust, B. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00003.2009 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Blomstrand, E., & Saltin, B. (1999) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.293af.x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Interactions of Metabolic Hormones, Adipose Tissue and Exercise
McMurray, R. G., & Hackney, A. C. (2005) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200535050-00003 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Constantin‐Teodosiu, D., Carlin, J. I., Cederblad, G., HARRISt, R. C., & Hultman, E. (1991) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1991.tb09247.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Pilegaard, H., Osada, T., Andersen, L. T., Helge, J. W., Saltin, B., & Neufer, P. D. (2005) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.03.008 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Availability of substrates and capacity for prolonged heavy exercise in man.
Pernow, B., & Saltin, B. (1971) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1971.31.3.416 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Bartlett, J. D., Louhelainen, J., Iqbal, Z., Cochran, A. J., Gibala, M. J., Gregson, W., Close, G. L., Drust, B., & Morton, J. P. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00498.2012 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Ludwig, C., Easton, J. M., Lodi, A., Tiziani, S., Manzoor, S. E., Southam, A. D., Byrne, J. J., Bishop, L. M., He, S., Arvanitis, T. N., et al. (2011) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-011-0347-7 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Diet, exercise, and glycogen changes in human muscle fibers.
Gollnick, P. D., Piehl, K., Saubert, C. W., Armstrong, R. B., & Saltin, B. (1972) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1972.33.4.421 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Maximal fat oxidation rates in endurance trained and untrained women
Stisen, A. B., Stougaard, O., Langfort, J., Helge, J. W., Sahlin, K., & Madsen, K. (2006) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0290-x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationRosenkilde, M., Nordby, P., Nielsen, L., Stallknecht, B., & Helge, J. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.11 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate feedings on the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation
Achten, J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2003) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410310001641403 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Relationship between Fat Oxidation and Lactate Threshold in Athletes and Obese Women and Men.
(2004) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Weltan, S. M., Bosch, A. N., Dennis, S. C., & Noakes, T. D. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.1.e83 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Determinants of resting lipid oxidation in response to a prior bout of endurance exercise
Henderson, G. C., & Alderman, B. L. (2013) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00956.2013 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Factors regulating fat oxidation in human skeletal muscle
Kiens, B., Alsted, T. J., & Jeppesen, J. (2011) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00898.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Jensen, L., Gejl, K. D., Ørtenblad, N., Nielsen, J. L., Bech, R. D., Nygaard, T., Sahlin, K., & Frandsen, U. (2015) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12184 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Metabolic effects of low cortisol during exercise in humans
Corral, P. D., Howley, E. T., Hartsell, M., Ashraf, M., & Younger, M. S. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.84.3.939 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Repeated bouts of exercise alter the blood lactate-RPE relation
WELTMAN, A. L., Weltman, J. Y., Kanaley, J. A., Rogol, A. D., Veldhuis, J. D., & Hartman, M. L. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199807000-00014 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Effect of a 1-hour single bout of moderate-intensity exercise on fat oxidation kinetics
Chenevière, X., Borrani, F., Ebenegger, V., Gojanovic, B., & Malatesta, D. (2009) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.06.008 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Salvador, P. C. D. N., de Lucas, R. D., de Souza, K. M., de Aguiar, R. A., Denadai, B. S., & Guglielmo, L. G. A. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-3000-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chenevière, X., Borrani, F., Droz, D., Gojanovic, B., & Malatesta, D. (2012) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h2012-076 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Metabolic Regulation of Fat Use during Exercise and in Recovery
Spriet, L. L. (2011) · Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop series · doi:10.1159/000329281 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 42 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Coggan, A.R. , and B.D. Williams. 1995. 'Metabolic adaptations to endurance training: substrate metabolism during exercise.' in Hargreaves M (ed.), Exercise Metabolism (Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL).
- Gollnick, P.D., and B. Saltin. 1988. 'Fuel for muscular exercise: role of fat.' in E.S.; Terjung Horton, R.L. (ed.), Exercise, Nutrition and Energy metabolism (MacMillan: New York).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Schranner, D., Kastenmüller, G., Schönfelder, M., Römisch‐Margl, W., & Wackerhage, H. (2020) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-020-0238-4 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Sakaguchi, C. A., Nieman, D. C., Signini, É. D. F., de Abreu, R. M., & Catai, A. M. (2019) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo9080164 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Kolnes, K. J., Petersen, M. H., Lien-Iversen, T., Højlund, K., & Jensen, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.737709 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“Additionally, a very low rate of fat oxidation is observed during high-intensity exercise (Romijn et al., 1993; Andersson Hall et al., 2016).”
BackgroundExercise Training and Fasting: Current Insights
Zouhal, H., Saeidi, A., Salhi, A., Li, H., Essop, M. F., Laher, I., Rhibi, F., Amani-Shalamzari, S., & Abderrahman, A. B. (2020) · Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.2147/oajsm.s224919 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Maximal Fat Oxidation is Related to Performance in an Ironman Triathlon
Frandsen, J., Vest, S., Larsen, S., Dela, F., & Helge, J. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0043-117178 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Rothschild, J. A., Kilding, A. E., & Plews, D. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113473 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Factors Influencing Substrate Oxidation During Submaximal Cycling: A Modelling Analysis
Rothschild, J. A., Kilding, A. E., Stewart, T., & Plews, D. J. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01727-7 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Influence of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Abdominal Fat Lipolysis: An Update
Laurens, C., de Glisezinski, I., Larrouy, D., Harant, I., & Moro, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.575363 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ahn, J. K., Kim, J., Hwang, J., Song, J., Kim, K. H., & Cha, H. (2017) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.05.019 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Schranner, D., Schönfelder, M., Römisch‐Margl, W., Scherr, J., Schlegel, J., Zelger, O., Riermeier, A., Bremer, S., Prehn, C. P., Adamski, J., et al. (2021) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14885 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ahn, J., Kim, J., Hwang, J., Song, J., Kim, K. H., & Cha, H. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18112309 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Frandsen, J., Vest, S. D., Ritz, C., Larsen, S., Dela, F., & Helge, J. W. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00995.2018 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Priority use of medium-chain fatty acids during high-intensity exercise in cross-country skiers
Lyudinina, A. Y., Ivankova, G. E., & Bojko, E. R. (2018) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-018-0265-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Impact of Exercise on Telomere Length, DNA Methylation and Metabolic Footprints
Haupt, S., Niedrist, T., Sourij, H., Schwarzinger, S., & Moser, O. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11010153 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Riis, S., Møller, A. B., Dollerup, O. L., Høffner, L., Jessen, N., & Madsen, K. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13541 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationLyudinina, A. Y., Андреевна, Б. Е., Геннадьевна, В. Н., & Bojko, E. R. (2020) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-020-00385-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Meessen, E. C. E., Andresen, H., van Barneveld, T., van Riel, A., Johansen, E. I., Kolnes, A. J., Kemper, E. M., Olde Damink, S. W. M., Schaap, F. G., Romijn, J. A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.771944 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Increased Mass-Specific Maximal Fat Oxidation Rate with Small versus Large Muscle Mass Exercise
Skattebo, Ø., PECI, D., Clauss, M., Johansen, E. I., & JENSEN, J. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002864 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Metabolism and Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Following Postexercise Carbohydrate or Protein Intake
Andersson-Hall, U. K., Pettersson, S., Edin, F., Pedersen, A., Malmodin, D., & Madsen, K. (2017) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0129 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternal Myometrium Metabolomic Profiles in Labor: Preliminary Results
Qian, X., Wang, L., Lin, B., Luo, Y., Chen, Y., & Liu, H. (2021) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000512460 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kazeminasab, F., Rafiee, P., Miraghajani, M. S., Santos, H. O., Symonds, M. E., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.02.002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hansen, M. T., Rømer, T., Frandsen, J., Larsen, S., Dela, F., & Helge, J. W. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13519 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Huang, L., Yang, W., Fu, P., Li, X. X., Pi, M., Shi, R., Wang, X., Qi, H., Zhu, C., 蔣仲桓, et al. (2026) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16070509 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Links between Exercise Capacity, Exercise Training, and Metabolism
Spagnolo, A., Klug, S., Schenkl, C., & Schwarzer, M. (2023) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2023.tb00283.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Oh, S., Son, W.-H., & Ha, M. (2025) · Physical Activity and Nutrition · doi:10.20463/pan.2025.0015 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sibille, B., Mothe‐Satney, I., Menn, G. L., Lepouse, D., Garf, S. L., Baudoin, E., Murdaca, J., Moratal, C., Lamghari, N., Chinetti, G., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111497 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Maximal Lipid Oxidation (Fatmax) in Physical Exercise and Training: A review and Update
Ghanbari–Niaki, A., & Zarekookandeh, N. (2016) · Annals of Applied Sport Science · doi:10.18869/acadpub.aassjournal.4.3.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hamlaoui, K. (2024) · Journal of Orthopaedic Science and Research · doi:10.46889/josr.2024.5110 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fatty acids significance in improvement athlete’s aerobic performance: review and prospects
Lyudinina, A. Y., Андреевна, Б. Е., & Bojko, E. R. (2024) · Human Physiology · doi:10.31857/s0131164624030095 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zdzieblik, D., Jerger, H., Gollhofer, A., & König, D. (2024) · Advanced Exercise and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.aehs.2024.05.004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tabata, H., Kim, H.-K., Konishi, M., Endo, N., & Sakamoto, S. (2019) · doi:10.34363/jocp.49.5_191
Influence of different preceding exercises on fat metabolism during subsequent endurance exercise
Fujii, R., Nakamura, N., Kawamura, T., Ikemura, T., Konishi, M., Suzuki, K., Sakamoto, S., & Muraoka, I. (2020) · Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche · doi:10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04057-9
Desroches, A. J., Domingue, F., Laurencelle, L., & Lajoie, C. (2021) · Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences · doi:10.33607/bjshs.v3i122.1110
Borges, D. S. (2022) · Journal · doi:10.56238/cpahjournalv5n2-014
Андреевна, Б. Е., & Lyudinina, A. Y. (2023) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119723600169
Андреевна, Б. Е., & Lyudinina, A. Y. (2023) · Human Physiology · doi:10.31857/s0131164623600015
Effects of intermittent fasting and sports performance: a narrative review
Matas, S., Pejenaute-Larráyoz, D., & Corbi, F. (2024) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.05415
Ebrahimi, M. (2025) · Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences · doi:10.54141/psbd.1678172
Caffeine Increases Rate of Fat Oxidation During Exercise in Healthy Young Males and Females
DÆHLI, M. R., Clauss, M., Skattebo, Ø., Johansen, E. I., Jeppesen, P. B., & Jensen, J. (2026) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-026-00388-6
- Authors
- Andersson Hall, U., Edin, F., Pedersen, A., & Madsen, K.
- Affiliations
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 300, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- ORCID
- Madsen, Klavs
- Venue
- Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 430-437
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2218994115
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (acceptedVersion)
- Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- prior exercise, overnight fasting, endurance athletes, submaximal exercise, insulin, free fatty acids, cortisol, succinic acid, fatty acids, energy metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Bicycling, Blood Glucose, Calorimetry, Indirect, Fasting, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Insulin, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Exercise, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Cross-Over Studies, Lipid Metabolism, Metabolomics, Athletes, Breakfast
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
