Carbohydrate restricted recovery from long term endurance exercise does not affect gene responses involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in highly trained athletes
Open accessAbstract
The aim was to determine if the metabolic adaptations, particularly PGC-1α and downstream metabolic genes were affected by restricting CHO following an endurance exercise bout in trained endurance athletes. A second aim was to compare baseline expression level of these genes to untrained. Elite endurance athletes (VO2max 66 ± 2 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1), n = 15) completed 4 h cycling at ~56% VO2max. During the first 4 h recovery subjects were provided with either CHO or only H2O and thereafter both groups received CHO. Muscle biopsies were collected before, after, and 4 and 24 h after exercise. Also, resting biopsies were collected from untrained subjects (n = 8). Exercise decreased glycogen by 67.7 ± 4.0% (from 699 ± 26.1 to 239 ± 29.5 mmol·kg(-1)·dw(-1)) with no difference between groups. Whereas 4 h of recovery with CHO partly replenished glycogen, the H2O group remained at post exercise level; nevertheless, the gene expression was not different between groups. Glycogen and most gene expression levels returned to baseline by 24 h in both CHO and H2O. Baseline mRNA expression of NRF-1, COX-IV, GLUT4 and PPAR-α gene targets were higher in trained compared to untrained. Additionally, the proportion of type I muscle fibers positively correlated with baseline mRNA for PGC-1α, TFAM, NRF-1, COX-IV, PPAR-α, and GLUT4 for both trained and untrained. CHO restriction during recovery from glycogen depleting exercise does not improve the mRNA response of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. Further, baseline gene expression of key metabolic pathways is higher in trained than untrained.
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In a recent study, carbohydrate intake resulted in partial glycogen replenishment but gene expression was not different between the carbohydrate intake and carbohydrate restriction groups.
“The carbohydrate intake resulted in partial glycogen replenishment but gene expression was not different between the two groups.”
From Periodized Nutrition for Athletes (2017) · cites this paper as [60]
Other studies could not confirm this and found no differences between a high- and a low-carbohydrate intake during recovery.
“Other studies, however, could not confirm this and found no differences between a high- and a low-carbohydrate intake during recovery [58–60].”
From Periodized Nutrition for Athletes (2017) · cites this paper as [60]
After 24 h, glycogen replenishment was similar in the two groups and gene expression levels returned to baseline levels in both groups.
“After 24 h, glycogen replenishment was similar in the two groups (a finding that seems consistent in well-trained individuals) and gene expression levels returned to baseline levels in both groups.”
From Periodized Nutrition for Athletes (2017) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Jensen, L., Gejl, K. D., Ørtenblad, N., Nielsen, J. L., Bech, R. D., Nygaard, T., Sahlin, K., & Frandsen, U.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Odense University Hospital (DK)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Frandsen, Ulrik
- Venue
- Physiological Reports
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e12184
- ISSN
- 2051-817X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4393183
- OpenAlex
- W2114500717
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physiological Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Danish Ministry of Culture, the Committee on Sports Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- carbohydrate restriction, post-exercise recovery, endurance exercise, mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α, trained athletes, skeletal muscle gene expression, glycogen depletion, type I muscle fibers, PPARα, NRF1, GLUT4, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, TFAM
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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