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Associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity, and health indicators among Canadian children and youth using compositional analyses
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between movement behaviours (sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity) and health indicators in a representative sample of children and youth using compositional analyses. Cross-sectional findings are based on 4169 children and youth (aged 6–17 years) from cycles 1 to 3 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Sedentary time (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were accelerometer-derived. Sleep duration was subjectively measured. Body mass index z scores, waist circumference, blood pressure, behavioural strengths and difficulties, and aerobic fitness were measured in the full sample. Triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and insulin were measured in a fasting subsample. The composition of movement behaviours was entered into linear regression models via an isometric log ratio transformation and was found to be associated with all health indicators (p < 0.01). Relative to other movement behaviours, time spent in SB or LPA was positively associated (p < 0.04) and time spent in MVPA or sleep was negatively associated (p < 0.02) with obesity risk markers. Similarly, LPA was positively associated (p < 0.005) and sleep was negatively associated (p < 0.03) with unfavourable behavioural strengths and difficulties scores and systolic blood pressure. Relative to other movement behaviours, time spent in SB was negatively associated (p < 0.001) and time spent in MVPA (p < 0.001) was positively associated with aerobic fitness. Likewise, MVPA was also negatively associated with several cardiometabolic risk markers (p < 0.008). Compositional data analyses provide novel insights into collective health implications of 24-h movement behaviours and can facilitate interesting avenues for future investigations.
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“3/3 studies found that participants achieving all 3 recommendations had preferable scores for the health outcomes compared with participants who did not meet the recommendations.”
In the citing paper
“However, in the current review, only 2 studies used compositional data analyses [34, 35].”
In the citing paper
“2/10 studies used compositional data analyses and found that the composition of movement behaviours was associated with social and emotional health [34] and with HRQoL [35]”
Citations
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Items 101–200 of 414
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“Considering that the studies describing adherence to the recommendations found in the 24 h-movement guidelines are mainly crosssectional studies [37, 40, 53], this study advances our understanding of the development of behaviours during adolescence.”
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“…which report that some cardiometabolic outcomes are jointly associated not just with time spent in MVPA or in SB but also with the composition of daily time-use in all movement behaviors (Chastin et al., 2015; Carson et al., 2016; Carson et al., 2017; Dumuid et al., 2016; Ekelund et al., 2016b).”
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“Individuals having better access to recreational facilities tend to be more active (Cohen et al., 2006; Dengel et al., 2009; Gordon-Larsen et al., 2006; Jago et al., 2016), and prolonged sedentary time is associated with poor metabolic health (Carson et al., 2016).”
Background24-Hour movement behaviors among visually impaired US children and adolescents
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“Thus, some studies investigating the combination of PA and SB have clearly demonstrated that low MVPA/high SB profiles were associated with higher odds of obesity and adiposity and a weaker metabolic health.(18,24,25) However, while recommendations have largely focused on MVPA so far, favouring MVPA or SB, when managi…”
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Ayala, A. M. C., Salmon, J., Dunstan, D. W., Arundell, L., & Timperio, A. F. (2020) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.002 · Cited by 28
“To date, most studies that explored the associations between the various intensities of physical activity, sedentary time, and health in children and adolescents have employed hip-mounted accelerometers.(16,29) A major disadvantage of accelerometers is their inability to differentiate between sitting and standing, whi…”
BackgroundSampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Colman, I., Dumuid, D., Janssen, I., Goldfield, G. S., Wang, J., Patte, K. A., Leatherdale, S. T., & Chaput, J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256867 · Cited by 28
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“Some studies have shown that the ratio of fruit, and vegetable intake to other nutritional intake of obese children and adolescents can have an impact on CRF [59].”
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“However, compositional analyses indicate that when these behaviors are considered as a proportional whole, they do not necessarily replicate the influences observed on health outcomes when considered in isolation.(10,11) Specifically, the present study found that the average behavior composition was significantly asso…”
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ResultKuzik, N., Duncan, M. J., Beshara, N., MacDonald, M., Silva, D. A. S., & Tremblay, M. S. (2025) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-025-00076-w · Cited by 31
“Of the included studies, 16 reported compositional regression results [28, 33–47], 12 reported compositional substitu-tion analysis results [28–30, 33, 34, 41, 45, 46, 48–51], three reported optimal movement behaviour composition results [16, 17, 52], and one study compared different clusters of…”
Self-citationCompositional analysis of dietary patterns
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“Although some work has begun to examine multiple time-use activity behaviors within a day, using techniques such as compositional analysis [5], there is a dearth of research examining the links between movement behavior patterns from one day to the following day, and across multiple days.”
BackgroundRelationship between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity and Multiple Lifestyle Factors in Children
Sheldrick, M. P. R., Tyler, R., Mackintosh, K. A., & Stratton, G. (2018) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk3010015 · Cited by 30
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“Some recent studies link a higher ST with higher odds of belonging to the metabolically unhealthy group of school-aged children; high ST is also linked with obesity risk markers among school-aged children [13,14].”
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Rodríguez‐Gómez, I., Mañas, A., Losa‐Reyna, J., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., CHASTIN, S. F. M., Alegre, L. M., García‐García, F. J., & Ara, I. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001972 · Cited by 24
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Self-citationMoving beyond more: towards a healthy balance of daily behaviours
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“In line with previous findings employing compositional iso-temporal substitution model in healthy population including children (Carson et al., 2016; Chastin et al., 2015), the present study demonstrated the predicated changes for the allocation of time to/from MVPA were non-symmetrical.”
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“7 Additionally, the combined analyses applied to follow-up data from adolescence into adulthood provide opportunities to explore life course trajectories predictive of optimal health pathways.”
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Longitudinal Changes in Sitting Patterns, Physical Activity, and Health Outcomes in Adolescents
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BackgroundSelf-citationLongitudinal relations between gaming, physical activity, and athletic self-esteem
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Assessment and treatment of pediatric behavioral sleep disorders in Canada
Corkum, P. V., Weiss, S. K., Hall, W. A., Brown, C. A., Chambers, C. T., Constantin, E., Godbout, R., Hanlon‐Dearman, A., Ipsiroglu, O., Reid, G. J., et al. (2018) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.11.007 · Cited by 19
Bourke, M., Wang, H., Fortnum, K., Thomas, G., O’Flaherty, M., Mulcahy, S. K., Gomersall, S. R., Alsop, T., Trost, S. G., Bruijns, B. A., et al. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70120 · Cited by 22
“One study reported on log-transformed outcomes [44].”
Song, H., Lau, W. C., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Song, Y., & Shi, L. (2024) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.002 · Cited by 18
“13,33 The importance of sleep for PF was not emphasized.”
BackgroundLemes, V. B., Fochesatto, C. F., & Gaya, A. R. (2020) · Journal of Movement & Health · doi:10.5027/jmh-vol18-issue1(2021)art99 · Cited by 19
Brown, D. M. Y., & Ronen, G. M. (2021) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108386 · Cited by 18
Kracht, C. L., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Champagne, C. M., Broyles, S. T., Hsia, D. S., Newton, R. L., & Staiano, A. E. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003018 · Cited by 19
“Even so, cross-sectional analyses have found that time spent in vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) relative to all other behaviors (sedentary time, LPA, and MVPA) was associated with lower BMI z-scores in children and adolescents (6–17 yr) (14), and reallocating sedentary time to LPA and VPA was associated wit…”
BackgroundZheng, J., Tan, T. C., Zheng, K., & Huang, T. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15393-5 · Cited by 17
Costa, J. A., Vale, S., Cordovil, R., Rodrigues, L., Cardoso, V., Proença, R., Costa, M., Neto, C., Brito, J., Guilherme, J., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365782 · Cited by 19
The neighborhood physical environment and the 24-hour movement behavior composition among children
Campbell, J. E., & Janssen, I. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2022.2041562 · Cited by 16
“Furthermore, recent research has demonstrated that the entire 24-hour movement behavior composition, defined as the relative proportions of the 24-hour day devoted to different intensities of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, is important for health (Carson et al. 2016; Tremblay et al. 2016).”
BackgroundChen, H., Wang, L., Xin, F., Liang, G., & Zhou, Y. (2023) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2023.01.002 · Cited by 20
Zou, R., Wang, K., Li, D., Liu, Y., Zhang, T., & Wei, X. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19269-0 · Cited by 16
Factors forming the health of modern children and adolescents
Грицина, О. П., Trankovskaya, L. V., Валентиновна, С. Е., & Андреевна, Л. Е. (2020) · Pacific Medical Journal · doi:10.34215/1609-1175-2020-3-19-24 · Cited by 16
“образа жизни канадских школьников [50].”
Kracht, C. L., Beyl, R. A., Maher, J. P., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Staiano, A. E. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01121-y · Cited by 20
“expending little energy, is a risk factor for poor mental and physical health in childhood [1, 2].”
BackgroundJulian, V., Ciba, I., Olsson, R., Dahlbom, M., Furthner, D., Gomahr, J., Maruszczak, K., Mörwald, K., Pixner, T., Schneider, A.-M., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14010060 · Cited by 17
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Sociodemographic differences in 24-hour time-use behaviours in New Zealand children
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“Children’s 24-h activity intensity compositions have been linked with various physical and mental health outcomes [14, 34, 35].”
BackgroundPreventing and treating childhood obesity by sleeping better: a systematic review
Porri, D., Luppino, G., Aversa, T., Corica, D., Valenzise, M., Messina, M. F., Pepe, G., Morabito, L. A., Rosa, E. L., Lugarà, C., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1426021 · Cited by 17
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“Given the gender differences of these indicators, previous research has emphasized the necessity of employing CoDA to examine the associations between daily time-use composition and physical fitness across different genders [19].”
BackgroundMethodological Choices on 24-h Movement Behavior Assessment by Accelerometry: A Scoping Review
Rodrigues, B., Videira‐Silva, A., Lopes, L., Sousa‐Sá, E., Vale, S. M. C. G., Cliff, D. P., Mendes, R., & Santos, R. (2025) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-025-00820-1 · Cited by 17
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Relationship between sleep duration and TV time with cardiometabolic risk in adolescents
Sehn, A. P., Gaya, A. R., Dias, A. F., Brand, C., Mota, J. A. P. S., Pfeiffer, K. A., Sayavera, J. B., Renner, J. D. P., & Reuter, C. P. (2020) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-020-00880-7 · Cited by 15
“Many authors have shown that TV time becomes risky behavior when children are inactive [40, 42], while others suggest an increased health risk Table 3 Regression analysis between TV time, age, gender, and skin color/ethnicity with cardiometabolic risk in adolescents”
BackgroundRyan, D. J., Wullems, J. A., Stebbings, G. K., Morse, C. I., Stewart, C. E., & Onambélé-Pearson, G. L. (2019) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-019-0231-4 · Cited by 16
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“, high sleep quality, high sleep duration) have shown more beneficial outcomes compared with interventions that do not combine these behaviors [12,20].”
BackgroundZhang, X., Jiang, C., Zhang, X., & Chi, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.933877 · Cited by 20
Fillon, A., Pereira, B., Vanhelst, J., Baran, J., Masurier, J., Guirado, T., Boirie, Y., Duclos, M., Julian, V., & Thivel, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192113782 · Cited by 17
Estimating sleep efficiency in 10- to- 13-year-olds using a waist-worn accelerometer
Borghese, M., Lin, Y., Chaput, J., & Janssen, I. (2017) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.09.006 · Cited by 15
Self-citationMarshall, Z. A., Mackintosh, K. A., Lewis, M. J., Ellins, E. A., & McNarry, M. A. (2020) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13159 · Cited by 13
“may represent a more feasible and sustainable target than MVPA for those with low physical activity levels at baseline,(50,51) it is worth noting that the greatest health benefits are elicited through MVPA, with significantly longer periods of LPA required to obtain similar benefits.(52) Therefore, future studies in c…”
BackgroundVanderloo, L. M., Maguire, J. L., Keown‐Stoneman, C. D. G., Parkin, P. C., Borkhoff, C. M., Tremblay, M. S., Anderson, L. N., Birken, C. S., & _, _. (2021) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2020-0249 · Cited by 14
“These variables included the child ’ s age and sex, maternal education, maternal ethnicity, family history of cardiovascular disease, fasting hours, and annual household income (14,42,49).”
Self-citationKrietsch, K. N., Duraccio, K. M., Zhang, N., Saelens, B. E., Howarth, T., Combs, A., & Beebe, D. W. (2022) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2022.01.003 · Cited by 13
Validity of a Novel Algorithm to Detect Bedtime, Wake Time, and Sleep Time in Adults
Leister, K. R., Garay, J., & Barreira, T. V. (2022) · Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour · doi:10.1123/jmpb.2021-0027 · Cited by 15
Tan, S. Y. X., Padmapriya, N., Bernard, J. Y., Toh, J. Y., Wee, H. L., Tan, K. H., Yap, F. K. P., Lee, Y. S., Chong, Y. S., Godfrey, K. M., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100918 · Cited by 14
“The asymmetrical trend observed for MVPA is in line with previous studies among children of a similar age group, 11,47 which may be attributed to already suboptimal MVPA durations in children, 48,49 whereby further reducing time in MVPA could exacerbate the outcomes (e.g., relationship with friends…”
ResultHealy, S., Brewer, B. C., Garcia, J. M., Daly, J., & Patterson, F. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2434 · Cited by 13
“This finding is, however, in contrast to compositional analysis of movement behaviors and adiposity among children with ND, which generally shows reallocation of time to MVPA to be the more predictive of decreased body weight [Carson et al., 2016; Dumuid et al., 2018; Talarico & Janssen, 2018].”
ResultInfluentialBrown, D. M. Y., KWAN, M. Y. W., King‐Dowling, S., & Cairney, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.752333 · Cited by 13
Liangruenrom, N., Dumuid, D., & Pedišić, Ž. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280957 · Cited by 21
“Replacing only 10 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA with SB has been associated with increased body mass index (BMI) of 5.1% in Canadian children and adolescents [19].”
InfluentialPhysical Activity, Inactivity, and Health During Youth
Rowlands, A. V. (2016) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2016-0007 · Cited by 14
Walters, A. J., Lithopoulos, A., Tennant, E. M., Weissman, S. E., & Latimer‐Cheung, A. E. (2022) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.13064 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Carson, V., Tremblay, M. S., Chaput, J.-P., & Chastin, S. F. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- Glasgow Caledonian University (GB)
- Venue
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6 (Suppl. 3)
- Pages
- S294-S302
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2423833455
- Semantic Scholar
- 824aa8e7306286fb30dde13958b2c0379a5c9d60
- Cited by
- 414
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 29.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Public Health Agency of Canada
- Public Health Agency
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sleep duration, sedentary behavior, physical activity, 24-hour movement behaviours, children and young people, cardiometabolic risk, systolic blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, compositional data analysis, isometric log-ratio
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Blood Pressure, C-Reactive Protein, Canada, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Child Behavior, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status, Humans, Insulin, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sleep, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Metabolic Syndrome, Waist Circumference, Young Adult, Sedentary Behavior, Accelerometry
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