Cited by 54,751Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J.·1959·Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

DOI 10.1139/o59-099

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Abstract

Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can be carried out in approximately 10 minutes; it is efficient, reproducible, and free from deleterious manipulations. The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer. The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
PREPARATION OF LIPIDE EXTRACTS FROM BRAIN TISSUE
Folch, J., Ascoli, I., Lees, M. B., Meath, J. A., & Lebaron, F. N. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55987-1 · Cited by 1,341
Storage of Frozen Plaice Fillets
Dyer, W. J., & Morton, M. L. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-007 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Experimental Determination of Binodal Curves, Plait Points, and Tie Lines, in 50 Systems, each consisting of Water and Two Organic Liquids
Bonner, W. D. (1910) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j150116a004 · Cited by 46
Acetone–Water Mixtures for the Extraction and Rapid Estimation of Fats of Biological Materials, Particularly Fish Products
Dambergs, N. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-045 · Cited by 18

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BANCROFT W., 1895, Phys. Iiev., 3, 1

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Method
Genetic defects in peroxisome morphogenesis (Pex11β, dynamin‐like protein 1, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3) affect docosahexaenoic acid‐phospholipid metabolism
Abe, Y., Wanders, R. J. A., Waterham, H. R., Mandel, H., Falik‐Zaccai, T. C., Ishihara, N., & Fujiki, Y. (2022) · Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease · doi:10.1002/jimd.12582 · Cited by 9
“Total lipids were extracted from 50 μg of cellular protein by the Bligh and Dyer method.(37) Cells were dissolved in methanol/chloroform/water at 2:1:0.”
Method
Effect of High- and Low-Temperature Drying Methods on Fatty Acid Profile and Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Traits of Papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens)
Uribe, E., Vega‐Gálvez, A., Pastén, A., Cantuarias, C., Stucken, K., García, V., Rodríguez, A., Valenzuela-Barra, G., & Delporte, C. L. (2022) · ACS Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acsfoodscitech.2c00288 · Cited by 8
Dietary choline increases brown adipose tissue activation markers and improves cholesterol metabolism in female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice
Liu, C., Song, Z., Zhuang, L., Boon, M. R., Schönke, M., Rensen, P. C. N., & Wang, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01269-6 · Cited by 10
“Hepatic lipids were extracted from frozen liver samples (n= 10 per group) using a modified protocol from Bligh and Dyer [37].”
Method
A lipid droplet-associated protein Nem1 regulates appressorium function for infection of Magnaporthe oryzae
Chen, D., Cai, X., Xing, J., et al. (2023) · aBIOTECH · doi:10.1007/s42994-023-00098-5 · Cited by 9
Comparison of Fish, Krill and Flaxseed as Omega-3 Sources to Increase the Omega-3 Index in Dogs
Lindqvist, H., Dominguez, T. E., Whitaker, R. D., Ding, Y., & Burri, L. (2023) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci10020162 · Cited by 15
“In short, crude fat was analysed by the method of Bligh and Dyer [23] and fatty acids methyl esters were analysed by gas liquid chromatography with the AOCS Official Method Ce 1b-89 [24].”
Method
Brain fatty acid and transcriptome profiles of pig fed diets with different levels of soybean oil
da Silva, B. P. M., Fanalli, S. L., Gomes, J. D., de Almeida, V. V., Fukumasu, H., Freitas, F. A. O., Moreira, G. C. M., Silva‐Vignato, B., Reecy, J. M., Koltes, J. E., et al. (2023) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-023-09188-6 · Cited by 10
A caveolin-1 dependent glucose-6-phosphatase trafficking contributes to hepatic glucose production
Gautier‐Stein, A., Chilloux, J., Soty, M., Thorens, B., Place, C., Zitoun, C., Duchampt, A., Costa, L. D., Rajas, F., Lamaze, C., et al. (2023) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101700 · Cited by 9
“Total hepatic lipids were extracted by the method of Bligh and Dyer [39] and triglyceride content was measured using a Biomerieux colorimetric kit.”
MethodInfluential
The evaluation of the genotype and slaughter weight effect on meat quality and fatty acid profile from two native sheep
Güngör, Ö. F., Özbeyaz, C., Ünal, N., et al. (2023) · Tropical Animal Health and Production · doi:10.1007/s11250-023-03523-5 · Cited by 9
“Intramuscular fat extraction, methylation, and fatty acid profile analysis in the LTL samples were performed according to Bligh and Dyer (1959).”
Method
Profiles of lipid, protein and microRNA expression in exosomes derived from intestinal epithelial cells after ischemia-reperfusion injury in a cellular hypoxia model
Senda, A., Kojima, M., Watanabe, A., Kobayashi, T., Morishita, K., Aiboshi, J., & Otomo, Y. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283702 · Cited by 9
“Lipids in the exosomes were extracted using the Bligh and Dyer technique [20].”
Vegetable Oil-Peroxidation Product ‘Hydroxynonenal’ Causes Hepatocyte Injury and Steatosis via Hsp70.1 and BHMT Disorders in the Monkey Liver
Yamashima, T., Mori, Y., Seike, T., Ahmed, S., Boontem, P., Li, S., Oikawa, S., Kobayashi, H., Yamashita, T., Kikuchi, M., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15081904 · Cited by 9
“First, total lipids were extracted from 100 mg of monkey liver samples using the Bligh–Dyer method [38].”
Method
Disruption of the mouse liver epitranscriptome by long-term aroclor 1260 exposure
Piell, K. M., Petri, B. J., Head, K. Z., Wahlang, B., Xu, R., Zhang, X., Pan, J., Rai, S. N., de Silva, K., Chariker, J. H., et al. (2023) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2023.104138 · Cited by 10
Developing advanced models of biological membranes with hydrogenous and deuterated natural glycerophospholipid mixtures
Corucci, G., Batchu, K. C., Luchini, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.135 · Cited by 9
Feeding medium-chain fatty acid-rich formula causes liver steatosis and alters hepatic metabolism in neonatal pigs
Gerrard, S. D., Yonke, J. A., Seymour, K. A., Sunny, N. E., & El‐Kadi, S. W. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00164.2022 · Cited by 9
Distributions of bacteriohopanepolyols in lakes and coastal lagoons of the Azores Archipelago
Richter, N., Hopmans, E. C., Mitrović, D., Raposeiro, P. M., Gonçalves, V., Costa, A. C., Amaral‐Zettler, L., Villanueva, L., & Rush, D. (2023) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-20-2065-2023 · Cited by 9
“All samples were freeze-dried and extracted using a modified Bligh–Dyer method (Bligh and Dyer, 1959; Bale et al., 2021).”
Method
Water limitation intensity shifts carbon allocation dynamics in Scots pine mesocosms
Solly, E. F., Jaeger, A. C. H., Barthel, M., Werner, R. A., Zürcher, A., Hagedorn, F., Six, J., & Hartmann, M. (2023) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-023-06093-5 · Cited by 11
“The fatty acids C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, and C20:0 were used as general bacterial biomarkers (Bligh and Dyer 1959).”
Method
Long-Term Influence of PCB- and PBDE-Spiked Microplastic Spheres Fed through Rotifers to Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae
Bogevik, A. S. S., Puvanendran, V., Vorkamp, K., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241210326 · Cited by 9
“Total fat content analysis and production of extracts for further lipid analysis were performed by a Bligh and Dyer [60] extraction at Nofima AS. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were prepared according to AOCS Official Method (Ce 1b-89) through transesterification of the samples with methanolic NaOH, followed by meth…”
Method
Investigating the Acute Metabolic Effects of the N-Methyl Carbamate Insecticide, Methomyl, on Mouse Liver
Groswald, A. M., Gripshover, T. C., Watson, W. H., et al. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13080901 · Cited by 9
“Hepatic Triglyceride and Cholesterol Measurement: Hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol were extracted based on established protocols [17].”
Method
Bioaccumulation of Linear Siloxanes in Fish
Cantu, M. A., & Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2023) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5760 · Cited by 9
“Lipid contents of samples were determined following Bligh & Dyer (1959).”
Background
Decarbonization of Arthrospira platensis production by using atmospheric CO2 as an exclusive carbon source: proof of principle
Jung, C. G. H., Nghinaunye, T., Waldeck, P., Braune, S., Petrick, I., Küpper, J. ‐., & Jung, F. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-023-05215-x · Cited by 11
“Fatty acids present in the cells in lipid form were converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and determined according to Bligh & Dyer (Bligh and Dyer 1959).”
Changes in Polar Lipid Composition in Balsam Fir during Seasonal Cold Acclimation and Relationship to Needle Abscission
MacDonald, M. T., Lada, R. R., MacDonald, G. E., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242115702 · Cited by 9
From Nontargeted to Targeted Analysis: Feature Selection in the Differentiation of Truffle Species ( Tuber spp.) Using 1 H NMR Spectroscopy and Support Vector Machine
Mix, T., Janneschütz, J., Ludwig, R., Eichbaum, J., Fischer, M. J., & Hackl, T. (2023) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05786 · Cited by 9
The Effects of Enzymes, Species, and Storage of Raw Material on Physicochemical Properties of Protein Hydrolysates from Whitefish Heads
Remme, J. F., Korsnes, S., Steen, S., Durand, R., Kvangarsnes, K., & Stangeland, J. (2023) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md21110587 · Cited by 10
A shift from individual species to ecosystem services effect: Introducing the Eco-indicator Sensitivity Distribution (EcoSD) as an ecosystem services approach to redefining the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) for soil ecological risk assessment
Fajana, H. O., Lamb, E. G., & Siciliano, S. D. (2023) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.4868 · Cited by 9
Fetal Programming and Its Effects on Meat Quality of Nellore Bulls
Fernandes, A. C., Beline, M., Polizel, G. H. G., et al. (2023) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci10120672 · Cited by 9
Predicting large-scale spatial patterns of marine meiofauna: implications for environmental monitoring
Gallucci, F., Fonseca, G., Vieira, D. C., et al. (2023) · Ocean and Coastal Research · doi:10.1590/2675-2824071.22070fg · Cited by 9
Study of sample preparation influence on bacterial lipids profile in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Arendowski, A., Sibińska, E., Miśta, W., Fijałkowski, P., Złoch, M., Gabryś, D., & Pomastowski, P. (2023) · Lipids · doi:10.1002/lipd.12383 · Cited by 9
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spo7 basic tail is required for Nem1–Spo7/Pah1 phosphatase cascade function in lipid synthesis
Jog, R., Han, G., & Carman, G. M. (2023) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105587 · Cited by 9
Growth and Metabolite Enhancement of Acidophile Euglena sp. Isolated from Indonesia under Different Photoperiod Cycles
Erfianti, T., Daryono, B. S., Budiman, A. T., & Suyono, E. A. (2023) · Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan · doi:10.20473/jipk.v16i1.46193 · Cited by 10
Assessing the mechanical properties of biobased versus fossil-based ropes and their impact on the productivity and quality of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in longline aquaculture: Toward decarbonization
Arantzamendi, L., Andrés, M., Suárez, M. J., et al. (2024) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.740919 · Cited by 9
Pretreatment optimization for microalgae oil yield enhancement and residual biomass characterization for sustainable biofuel feedstock production
Mane, S., Singh, A., & Taneja, N. K. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05768-y · Cited by 9
“Post ultrasonication, lipid extraction was performed using a modified Bligh and Dyer method [28].”
Influential
Impaired cathepsin D in retinal pigment epithelium cells mediates Stargardt disease pathogenesis
Ng, E. S. Y., Hu, J. G., Jiang, Z., & Radu, R. A. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202400210rr · Cited by 9
“Briefly, a modified Bligh and Dyer extraction 29 was performed following established protocols.”
Method
Several common methods of making vesicles (except an emulsion method) capture intended lipid ratios
Weakly, H. M. J., Wilson, K. J., Goetz, G. J., et al. (2024) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2024.08.019 · Cited by 9
Changing plant phosphorus acquisition strategies in relation to altered soil phosphorus fractions after wetland drainage
Jiang, Z. J., Luo, W., Zhu, E., et al. (2024) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.14653 · Cited by 9

Authors: Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J.
Venue: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1959-08-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0576-5544 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1139/o59-099
OpenAlex: W2152311269
Cited by: 54,751
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 1149 · 2025: 1534 · 2024: 1685 · 2023: 1749 · 2022: 1802 · 2021: 2073 · 2020: 2152 · 2019: 1870 · 2018: 1737 · 2017: 1784 · 2016: 1780 · 2015: 1800 · 2014: 1786 · 2013: 1758 · 2012: 1551
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords: lipid extraction, lipid purification, chloroform-methanol extraction, frozen fish, lipid degradation, fish muscle, tissue homogenization, rapid extraction method
MeSH terms: Fishes, Lipids

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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