Cited by 54,751Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J.·1959·Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

DOI 10.1139/o59-099

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Abstract

Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can be carried out in approximately 10 minutes; it is efficient, reproducible, and free from deleterious manipulations. The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer. The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
PREPARATION OF LIPIDE EXTRACTS FROM BRAIN TISSUE
Folch, J., Ascoli, I., Lees, M. B., Meath, J. A., & Lebaron, F. N. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55987-1 · Cited by 1,341
Storage of Frozen Plaice Fillets
Dyer, W. J., & Morton, M. L. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-007 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Experimental Determination of Binodal Curves, Plait Points, and Tie Lines, in 50 Systems, each consisting of Water and Two Organic Liquids
Bonner, W. D. (1910) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j150116a004 · Cited by 46
Acetone–Water Mixtures for the Extraction and Rapid Estimation of Fats of Biological Materials, Particularly Fish Products
Dambergs, N. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-045 · Cited by 18

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BANCROFT W., 1895, Phys. Iiev., 3, 1

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“The crude lipids of the diets, whole-body, and hepatopancreas were extracted with a chloroform/methanol mixture and a 0.37 mol/L KCl solution following the method of Bligh and Dyer [23] and dried in a vacuum drying oven (DZF-6050, Jinghong, Ltd., Shanghai, China) before gravimetry [24].”
MethodInfluential
Dynamic changes in the mouse hepatic lipidome following warm ischemia reperfusion injury
Liss, K. H. H., Mousa, M. G., Bucha, S., Lutkewitte, A. J., Allegood, J. C., Cowart, L. A., & Finck, B. N. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54122-9 · Cited by 9
Biomass productivity and characterization of Tetradesmus obliquus grown in a hybrid photobioreactor
Rörig, L. R., Gressler, P. D., Tramontin, D. P., Schneider, R. D. C. D. S., Dérner, R. B., Bastos, E., de Souza, M. P., & Oliveira, C. Y. B. (2024) · Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s00449-024-02969-7 · Cited by 9
“This is relevant for open cultivation systems, as temperature is an important environmental factor for algal growth [37, 38], and the low water column in the HAPS results in high temperatures in the medium, associated with heat exchanges with the environment and water evaporation.”
Monthly variation of fatty acids, lipid quality index and metal content of Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) in Atikhisar Dam Lake (Çanakkale, Türkiye)
Berber, S., Acarlı, S., Bayraklı, B., et al. (2024) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-024-32858-1 · Cited by 9
“Crude fat extraction was performed three times on the dry tissue using the Bligh and Dyer (1959) method, which is commonly used for fat analysis.”
Method
Edible Sea urchins Echinus esculentus from Norwegian waters- Effect of season on nutritional quality and chemical contaminants
Hamed, I., Tsoukalas, D. S., Jakobsen, A. N., et al. (2024) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139032 · Cited by 9
Physicochemical properties of wild and cultivated Saccharina latissima macroalgae harvested in the Canadian boreal-subarctic transition zone
Vasconcelos, M. M. M., Marson, G. V., Turgeon, S. L., Tamigneaux, É., & Beaulieu, L. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29626 · Cited by 9
“The lipid concentration was obtained using a modified protocol from Bligh and Dyer [62], according to Schmid et al. [63].”
Liver X receptor agonist upregulates LPCAT3 in human aortic endothelial cells
Bousquet, D., Nader, É., Connes, P., & Guillot, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1388404 · Cited by 9
DHCR24 inhibitor SH42 increases desmosterol without preventing atherosclerosis development in mice
Ge, X., Slütter, B., Lambooij, J. M., Zhou, E., Ying, Z., Agirman, C., Heijink, M., Rimbert, A., Guigas, B., Kuiper, J., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109830 · Cited by 10
ER stress inhibition enhances formation of triacylglcerols and protects endothelial cells from lipotoxicity
Kovačević, I., Schmidt, P. H., Kowalski, A., Helms, B. J., van de Lest, C. H. A., Kluttig, A., & Posern, G. (2024) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01682-y · Cited by 11
“The extraction of lipids was carried out using a modified version of the Bligh & Dyer method [18].”
Method
Microbial community changes and metabolic pathways analysis during waste activated sludge and meat processing waste anaerobic co-digestion
Cao, F., Wu, Y., Xu, L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121444 · Cited by 9
Factors impacting the microbial production of eicosapentaenoic acid
Sousa, S. C., CARVALHO, A. P. F. D., & Gomes, A. (2024) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-024-13209-z · Cited by 9
“The older, more basic, methods for lipid extraction are the solvent-based, including the traditional Soxhlet, the Folch et al. (1957), and the Bligh and Dyer (1959) methods, which utilize organic solvents (Zhou et al. 2022; Imbimbo et al. 2020; Chua and Schenk 2017).”
Method
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Liu, C., Otsuka, K., & Kawai, T. (2024) · Journal of Separation Science · doi:10.1002/jssc.202400170 · Cited by 9
Neuroforensomics: metabolites as valuable biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of lethal traumatic brain injuries
Bohnert, S., Reinert, C., Trella, S., Cattaneo, A., Preiß, U., Bohnert, M., Zwirner, J., Büttner, A., Schmitz, W., & Ondruschka, B. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64312-0 · Cited by 10
Volatile fatty acid and methane production from vinasse and microalgae using two-stage anaerobic co-digestion
Pinheiro, A. A. D., da Silva, E. M., de Oliveira, D. C. P., Magnus, B. S., Motteran, F., Florêncio, L., & Leite, W. R. M. (2024) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-024-34089-w · Cited by 9
“The macromolecular composition of the total lipids in MB was determined by a Soxhlet apparatus, and the lipid fraction was determined by gravimetry following the method adapted from Bligh and Dyer (1959).”
Impact of pomegranate peel extract on gut microbiota composition and metabolic health parameters in high-fat diet-fed mice
Duarte-Silva, L., Bustamante, A., Orellana, J. F., Valenzuela, R., Magne, F., Fuentes, J., Speisky, H., & Echeverría, F. (2024) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104663 · Cited by 10
Dynamic changes in the proximitome of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase2) in TNFα stimulated Jurkat cells
Schöl, M., Schempp, R., Hennig, T., Wigger, D., Schumacher, F., Kleuser, B., Stigloher, C., van Ham, M., Jänsch, L., Schneider‐Schaulies, S., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1435701 · Cited by 9
“…(N-(4,4-di ﬂ uoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-dodecanoyl) sphingosyl phosphocholine) (Thermo Fisher Scienti ﬁ c) in a total volume of 100 m L, and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. Reactions were stopped by MeOH: CHCl 3 (2:1) and subjected to a Bligh and Dyer lipid extraction (41).”
Method
Introduction to the forensic research via omics markers in environmental health vulnerable areas (FROM) study
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Valorisation of salmon backbones: Extraction of gelatine and its applicability in biodegradable films
Mozūraitytė, R., Rodríguez-Turienzo, L., Requena, R., et al. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34373 · Cited by 9
“The extraction and determination of total lipids from the samples were performed according the method described by Bligh and Dyer [21].”
Method
Evaluation of the Leishmania Inositol Phosphorylceramide Synthase as a Drug Target Using a Chemical and Genetic Approach
Alpizar-Sosa, E. A., Zimbres, F. M., Mantilla, B. S., et al. (2024) · ACS Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00284 · Cited by 9
Sesaminol alters phospholipid metabolism and alleviates obesity‐induced NAFLD
Rajendran, R., Suman, S., Divakaran, S. J., Swatikrishna, S., Tripathi, P., Jain, R., Sagar, K. V. M., & Rajakumari, S. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202400412rr · Cited by 9
Attenuation of high-fat high-sucrose diet and CCl4-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats by activating autophagy and SIGMAR1/GRP78/ITPR1 signaling using berberine-loaded albumin nanoparticles: in vivo prediction and in-silico molecular modeling
Saleh, S. R., Younis, F. A., Abdelrahman, S. S. M., Attia, A. A., Demellawy, M. E., Newairy, A. A., & Ghareeb, D. A. (2024) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40005-024-00695-6 · Cited by 10
“Moreover, the hepatic total lipids were extracted and estimated (mg/g wet tissue) according to standardized methods (Folch et al. 1957; Bligh & Dyer 1959).”
Investigating antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of liquid smoke and physical‐chemical stability of bacon subjected to liquid smoke and conventional smoking
Brustolin, A. P., Soares, J. M., Muraro, K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.17379 · Cited by 9
Effects of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) on Amphibian Body and Liver Conditions: Is Lipid Metabolism Being Perturbed throughout Metamorphosis?
Bushong, A. G., Sepúlveda, M. S., Scherer, M., Valachovic, A. C., Neill, C. M., Horn, S., Choi, Y. J., Lee, L., Baloni, P., & Hoskins, T. (2024) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics12100732 · Cited by 11
“Lipid extraction and sample preparation for mass spectroscopy: We performed lipid extractions of flash-frozen livers using the Bligh and Dyer protocol [47,48].”
Method
The response mechanism of alkalophilic Nitzschia sp. NW129 to low alkalinity-A study combining physiological and transcriptional analysis
Cao, Z., Zhang, R., Shen, X., et al. (2024) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2024.103748 · Cited by 9

Authors: Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J.
Venue: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1959-08-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0576-5544 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1139/o59-099
OpenAlex: W2152311269
Cited by: 54,751
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 1149 · 2025: 1534 · 2024: 1685 · 2023: 1749 · 2022: 1802 · 2021: 2073 · 2020: 2152 · 2019: 1870 · 2018: 1737 · 2017: 1784 · 2016: 1780 · 2015: 1800 · 2014: 1786 · 2013: 1758 · 2012: 1551
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords: lipid extraction, lipid purification, chloroform-methanol extraction, frozen fish, lipid degradation, fish muscle, tissue homogenization, rapid extraction method
MeSH terms: Fishes, Lipids

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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