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Cited by 518Adipose Tissue and MetabolismThermoregulation and physiological responsesPhysiological and biochemical adaptations

Tissue distribution of cold-induced thermogenesis in conscious warm- or cold-acclimated rats reevaluated from changes in tissue blood flow: The dominant role of brown adipose tissue in the replacement of shivering by nonshivering thermogenesis

Foster, David O., Frydman, M. Lorraine·1979·Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
DOI 10.1139/y79-039
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Abstract

Radioactive microspheres (12–16 μm) were used to measure cardiac output (CO), its fractional distribution, and hence tissue blood flow in conscious, warm-acclimated (WA) or cold-acclimated (CA) white rats exposed to temperatures of 25, 21, 6, −6, and −19 °C, the objective being to assess the tissue distribution of cold-induced thermogenesis. Total oxygen consumption was also measured. CA rats at 25 °C (CA 25) had elevated arteriovenous shunting and other signs of heat stress. CA 21 proved more suitable controls for the CA group. The cold-induced changes in blood flow to total skeletal muscle not involved in respiratory movements (M) and to the major masses of brown adipose tissue (BAT) were quantitatively very different in the two acclimation groups: in WA 25 and CA 21 flows to M were 31 (0.24 CO) and 27 (0.17 CO) mL/min, respectively, while flows to BAT were 2.1 and 9.7 mL/min; in WA−19 and CA−19 flows to M were 62 (0.32 CO) and 35 (0.16 CO) mL/min, respectively, while flows to BAT were 25 and 56 mL/min. In contrast, the effects of cold exposure on flows to other tissues and organs were remarkably alike in the two acclimation groups: e.g., flows to heart, ribcage, and diaphragm increased about three times between 25 and −19 °C, flow to the skin fell about 50%, and flows to the hepatosplanchnic region and kidneys were little or not at all affected by cold exposure. Estimates of the contributions of different tissues and organs to cold-induced thermogenesis were made on the basis of the relative changes in blood flow. It is concluded that BAT is by far the dominant anatomical site of the increased heat production of cold-exposed CA rats, and that nonshivering thermogenesis in BAT supplements considerably the shivering thermogenesis of cold-exposed WA rats.

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Crossref · 10.1139/y79-039

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  • Humans have much greater body mass (~200X), only moderately greater BAT mass (~10X), and much lower basal metabolic rate (~0.15X) than rats.

    “Humans are quite different from rats, with much greater body mass (~200X), only moderately greater BAT mass (~10X), and much lower basal metabolic rate (~0.15X) 13,37,36.”

    From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [36]

  • In a cold-acclimatized rat weighing 350-400 g, oxygen consumption by 3 g of BAT is approximately twice the basal metabolic rate.

    “In a cold-acclimatized rat weighting 350–400 g, oxygen consumption by 3 g of BAT is approximately twice the basal metabolic rate 36.”

    From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [36]

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Authors
Foster, D. O., & Frydman, M. L.
Venue
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
Publisher
Canadian Science Publishing
Published
1979-03-01
Volume
57
Issue
3
Pages
257-270
ISSN
  • 0008-4212 (ISSN-L)
  • 1205-7541
DOI
10.1139/y79-039
OpenAlex
W2168270522
Cited by
518
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 8
FWCI
18.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations
  • Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Directorate for Biological Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Keywords
cold-induced thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue, non-shivering thermogenesis, shivering thermogenesis, tissue blood flow, cold acclimation, warm acclimation, cardiac output, skeletal muscle blood flow, oxygen consumption, thermogenesis, radioactive microspheres
MeSH terms
Acclimatization, Animals, Body Temperature Regulation, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Cardiac Output, Cold Temperature, Oxygen, Oxygen Consumption, Regional Blood Flow, Shivering, Strontium Radioisotopes, Rats

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