Nonshivering thermogenesis and its adequate measurement in metabolic studies
Open accessAbstract
Alterations in nonshivering thermogenesis are presently discussed as being both potentially causative of and able to counteract obesity. However, the necessity for mammals to defend their body temperature means that the ambient temperature profoundly affects the outcome and interpretation of metabolic experiments. An adequate understanding and assessment of nonshivering thermogenesis is therefore paramount for metabolic studies. Classical nonshivering thermogenesis is facultative, i.e. it is only activated when an animal acutely requires extra heat (switched on in minutes), and adaptive, i.e. it takes weeks for an increase in capacity to develop. Nonshivering thermogenesis is fully due to brown adipose tissue activity; adaptation corresponds to the recruitment of this tissue. Diet-induced thermogenesis is probably also facultative and adaptive and due to brown adipose tissue activity. Although all mammals respond to injected/infused norepinephrine (noradrenaline) with an increase in metabolism, in non-adapted mammals this increase mainly represents the response of organs not involved in nonshivering thermogenesis; only the increase after adaptation represents nonshivering thermogenesis. Thermogenesis (metabolism) should be expressed per animal, and not per body mass [not even to any power (0.75 or 0.66)]. A 'cold tolerance test' does not examine nonshivering thermogenesis capacity; rather it tests shivering capacity and endurance. For mice, normal animal house temperatures are markedly below thermoneutrality, and the mice therefore have a metabolic rate and food consumption about 1.5 times higher than their intrinsic requirements. Housing and examining mice at normal house temperatures carries a high risk of identifying false positives for intrinsic metabolic changes; in particular, mutations/treatments that affect the animal's insulation (fur, skin) may lead to such problems. Correspondingly, true alterations in intrinsic metabolic rate remain undetected when metabolism is examined at temperatures below thermoneutrality. Thus, experiments with animals kept and examined at thermoneutrality are likely to yield an improved possibility of identifying agents and genes important for human energy balance.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Animal models have shown that GLP-1 can increase energy expenditure and regulate heat production and conversion from white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue in obese mice, although human data on this effect are not yet convincing.
“Animal models have shown that GLP-1 can increase energy expenditure and regulate heat production and conversion from white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue in obese mice [42], although human data on this effect are not yet convincing [18,43].”
From New Developments in Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes—Beyond and within GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
Cites
Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance
CANNON, B., & NEDERGAARD, J. (2004) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2003 · Cited by 6,433 · see citing works
Self-citationAnimal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment
Schmidt‐Nielsen, K. (1962) · Cited by 2,498 · see citing works
Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans
Nedergaard, J., Bengtsson, T., & Cannon, B. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00691.2006 · Cited by 1,824 · see citing works
Self-citationA role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis
Rothwell, N. J., & Stock, M. J. (1979) · Nature · doi:10.1038/281031a0 · Cited by 1,606 · see citing works
The menthol receptor TRPM8 is the principal detector of environmental cold
Bautista, D. M., Siemens, J., Glazer, J. M., Tsuruda, P. R., Basbaum, A. I., Stucky, C. L., Jordt, S. E., & Julius, D. J. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05910 · Cited by 1,392 · see citing works
Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese
Enerbäck, S., Jacobsson, A., Simpson, E. M., Guerra, C., Yamashita, H., Harper, M.-E., & Kozak, L. P. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387090a0 · Cited by 1,379 · see citing works
Feldmann, H. M., Golozoubova, V., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.12.014 · Cited by 1,318 · see citing works
Self-citationPetrovic, N., Walden, T. B., Shabalina, I. G., Timmons, J. A., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.053942 · Cited by 1,263 · see citing works
Self-citationLoss of stearoyl–CoA desaturase-1 function protects mice against adiposity
Ntambi, J. M., Miyazaki, M., Stoehr, J. P., Hong, L., Kendziorski, C. M., Yandell, B. S., Song, Y., Cohen, P., Friedman, J. M., & Attie, A. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.132384699 · Cited by 1,096 · see citing works
Obesity resistance and multiple mechanisms of triglyceride synthesis in mice lacking Dgat
Smith, S. J., Cases, S., Jensen, D. R., Chen, H. C., Sande, E., Tow, B., Sanan, D. A., Raber, J., Eckel, R. H., & Farese, R. V. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/75651 · Cited by 895 · see citing works
Hypothalamic AMPK and fatty acid metabolism mediate thyroid regulation of energy balance
López, M., Varela, L., Vazquez, M. J., Rodríguez‐Cuenca, S., González, C. R., Velagapudi, V., Morgan, D. A., Schoenmakers, E., Agassandian, K., Lage, R., et al. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2207 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Foster, D. O., & Frydman, M. L. (1978) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y78-015 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Nedergaard, J., Golozoubova, V., Matthias, A., Asadi, A., Jacobsson, A., & Cannon, B. (2001) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00247-4 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Self-citationFoster, D. O., & Frydman, M. L. (1979) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y79-039 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Only UCP1 can mediate adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis in the cold
Golozoubova, V., Hohtola, E., Matthias, A., Jacobsson, A., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.00-0536fje · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Self-citationAnimal Physiology. Adaptation and Environment.
Benjamin, M. (1991) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 457 · see citing works
The Changed Metabolic World with Human Brown Adipose Tissue: Therapeutic Visions
Nedergaard, J., & Cannon, B. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.007 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Self-citationThermogenic Responses in Brown Fat Cells Are Fully UCP1-dependent
Matthias, A., Ohlson, K. B. E., Fredriksson, J. M., Jacobsson, A., Nedergaard, J., & Cannon, B. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m000547200 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Self-citationThermogenesis of brown adipose tissue in cold-acclimated rats
Smith, R. E., & Roberts, J. C. (1964) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1964.206.1.143 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Role of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Chemical Regulation of Heat Production
Hsieh, A. C. L., & Carlson, L. D. (1957) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1957.190.2.243 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
UCP1-independent Thermogenesis in White Adipose Tissue of Cold-acclimated Ucp1 -/- Mice
Ukropec, J., Anunciado, R. V. P., Ravussin, Y., Hulver, M. W., & Kozak, L. P. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m606114200 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Paradoxical resistance to diet-induced obesity in UCP1-deficient mice
Liu, X., Rossmeisl, M., McClaine, J. W., & Kozak, L. P. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200315737 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Isolation of the uncoupling protein from brown adipose tissue mitochondria
Lin, C. S., & Klingenberg, M. (1980) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(80)80613-2 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Paradoxical resistance to diet-induced obesity in UCP1-deficient mice
Liu, X., Rossmeisl, M., McClaine, J. W., & Kozak, L. P. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci15737 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Butler, A. A., & Kozak, L. P. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-1471 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Brown Fat: Thermogenic Effector of Arousal in Hibernators
Smith, R. E., & Hock, R. J. (1963) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.140.3563.199 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
UCP1 is essential for adaptive adrenergic nonshivering thermogenesis
Golozoubova, V., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00387.2005 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationRudaya, A. Y., Steiner, A. A., Robbins, J. R., Dragic, A. S., & Romanovsky, A. A. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00370.2005 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Narvaez, C. J., Matthews, D. G., Broun, E., Chan, M., & Welsh, J. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-1118 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Brown Fat and the Myth of Diet-Induced Thermogenesis
Kozak, L. P. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.009 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Gluttony and thermogenesis revisited
Stock, M. J. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801108 · Cited by 242 · cited 2× · see citing works
“unbalanced diets – were eaten to the extent that sufficient protein was ingested, a system had to exist to remove the excess of energy that this extra ingestion had incurred (Stock, 1999).”
BackgroundTHE CALORIGENIC RESPONSE OF COLD-ACCLIMATED WHITE RATS TO INFUSED NORADRENALINE
Depocas, F. (1960) · Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1139/o60-012 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Xie, Z., Kömüves, L. G., Yu, Q., Elalieh, H. Z., Ng, D. C., Leary, C., Chang, S., Crumrine, D. A., Bikle, D. D., Yoshizawa, T., et al. (2002) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01644.x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Brown adipose tissue hyperplasia: a fundamental mechanism of adaptation to cold and hyperphagia
Bukowiecki, L. J., Collet, A. J., Folléa, N., Guay, G., & Jahjah, L. (1982) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1982.242.6.e353 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Role for ELOVL3 and Fatty Acid Chain Length in Development of Hair and Skin Function
Westerberg, R., Tvrdík, P., Undén, A.-B., Månsson, J.-E., Norlen, L. P. O., Jakobsson, A., Holleran, W. H., Elias, P. M., Asadi, A., Flodby, P., et al. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m310529200 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Climatic physiology of the pig.
MOUNT, L. E. (1968) · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Regulation of Heat Production in Gold-Adapted Rats.
Cottle, W. H., & Carlson, L. D. (1956) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-92-22632 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Xue, B., Coulter, A. A., Rim, J. S., Koza, R. A., & Kozak, L. P. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.18.8311-8322.2005 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Berg, F., Gustafson, U., & Andersson, L. (2006) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020129 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Sampath, H., Flowers, M. T., Liu, X., Paton, C. M., Sullivan, R., Chu, K., Zhao, M., & Ntambi, J. M. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.014225 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
CYTOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF BROWN FAT TISSUE IN COLD-EXPOSED RATS
Cameron, I. L., & Smith, R. E. (1964) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.23.1.89 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Adaptive thermogenesis and thermal conductance in wild-type and UCP1-KO mice
Meyer, C. W., Willershäuser, M., Jastroch, M., Rourke, B. C., Fromme, T., Oelkrug, R., Heldmaier, G., & Klingenspor, M. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00021.2009 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Three years with adult human brown adipose tissue
Nedergaard, J., Bengtsson, T., & Cannon, B. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05905.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationGolozoubova, V., Gullberg, H., Matthias, A., Cannon, B., Vennström, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2004) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2003-0267 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationSimilarities between cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis in the rat
Rothwell, N. J., & Stock, M. J. (1980) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y80-130 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Gordon, C. J., Becker, P., & Ali, J. S. (1998) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00148-6 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Jong, M. C., Gijbels, M. J., Dahlmans, V. E. H., van Gorp, P. J., Koopman, S., Ponec, M., Hofker, M. H., & Havekes, L. M. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci791 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Bukowiecki, L. J., Géloën, A., & Collet, A. (1986) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1986.250.6.c880 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Cold Acclimation and the Electromyogram of Unanesthetized Rats
Hart, J. S., Héroux, O., & Depocas, F. (1956) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1956.9.3.404 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
The bioenergetics of brown adipose tissue mitochondria
Nicholls, D. G. (1976) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(76)81014-9 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Hypermetabolism in mice caused by the central action of an unliganded thyroid hormone receptor α1
Sjögren, M., Alkemade, A., Mittag, J., Nordström, K., Katz, A., Rozell, B., Westerblad, H., Arner, A., & Vennström, B. (2007) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601882 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Jastroch, M., Wuertz, S., Kloas, W., & Klingenspor, M. (2005) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00070.2005 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Vagal tone dominates autonomic control of mouse heart rate at thermoneutrality
Swoap, S. J., Li, C., Wess, J., Parsons, A. D., Williams, T. D., & Overton, J. M. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01000.2007 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Zhao, J., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.52.32847 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationThermogenesis challenges the adipostat hypothesis for body-weight control
Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2009) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665109990255 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationBarnett, S. A. (1965) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1965.tb00794.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Shabalina, I. G., Joris Hoeks, J., Kramarova, T. V., Schrauwen, P., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.02.033 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationThermoregulatory and Adaptive Behavior of Brown Adipose Tissue
Smith, R. E. (1964) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.146.3652.1686 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Protection From Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice Overexpressing Human Apolipoprotein C1
Jong, M. C., Voshol, P. J., Muurling, M., Dahlmans, V. E. H., Romijn, J. A., Pijl, H., & Havekes, L. M. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.12.2779 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Uncoupling protein-1 is not leaky
Shabalina, I. G., Ost, M., Petrovič, N., Vrbacký, M., Nedergaard, J., & Cannon, B. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.04.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationElectrical Activity of Skeletal Muscle of Normal and Acclimatized Rats on Exposure to Cold
SELLERS, E. A., Scott, J. W., & Thomas, N. (1954) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1954.177.3.372 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
On Raising Energy Expenditure in ob/ob Mice
Himms‐Hagen, J. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5315.1132 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Jastroch, M., Buckingham, J. A., Helwig, M., Klingenspor, M., & Brand, M. D. (2007) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/s00360-007-0171-6 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Ohlson, K. B. E., Mohell, N., Cannon, B., Lindahl, S. G. E., & Nedergaard, J. (1994) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199407000-00024 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationMohell, N., Nedergaard, J., & Cannon, B. (1983) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(83)90136-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of sodium delivery on superoxide and nitric oxide in the medullary thick ascending limb
Abe, M., O'Connor, P. M., Kaldunski, M. L., Liang, M., Roman, R. J., & Cowley, A. W. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00407.2005 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Analysis of energy expenditure at different ambient temperatures in mice lacking DGAT1
Chen, H. C., Ladha, Z., Smith, S. J., & Farese, R. V. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00248.2002 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Thyroid hormones: igniting brown fat via the brain
Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0910-965 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationDeveloping a methodology for assigning glycaemic index values to foods consumed across Europe
Aston, L. M., Jackson, D., Monsheimer, S., Whybrow, S., Handjieva‐Darlenska, T., Kreutzer, M., Kohl, A., Papadaki, A., Martínez, J. A., Kunová, V., et al. (2009) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00690.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Pelletier, P., Gauthier, K. C., Sideleva, O., Samarut, J., & Silva, J. E. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-0718 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The uncoupling protein thermogenin during acclimation: indications for pretranslational control
Jacobsson, A., Mühleisen, M., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (1994) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.4.r999 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationTemperature Homeostasis in Transgenic Mice Lacking Thyroid Hormone Receptor-α Gene Products
Marrif, H. I., Schifman, A. L., Stepanyan, Z., Gillis, M., Calderone, A., Weiss, R. E., Samarut, J., & Silva, J. E. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-1544 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
DNA synthesis in mouse brown adipose tissue is under β-adrenergic control
Rehnmark, S., & Nedergaard, J. (1989) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(89)90086-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationUnilaterality of the sympathetic innervation of each pad of rat interscapular brown adipose tissue
Foster, D. O., Depocas, F., & Behrens, G. Z. (1982) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y82-018 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Thermal Sensations of Sedentary Man in Moderate Temperatures
Rohles, F. H. (1971) · Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872087101300606 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Saito, S., Saito, C. T., & Shingai, R. (2007) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2007.10.018 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Eichler, R. A. D. S., Alfadda, A. A., Eto, K., Kadowaki, T., & Silva, J. E. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0687 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Acclimation of the white rat to cold: noradrenaline thermogenesis.
Janský, L., Bartůnková, R., & Zeisberger, E. (1967) · PubMed · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The participation of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in warm and cold-acclimated rats
Griggio, M. A. (1982) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology · doi:10.1016/0300-9629(82)90189-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Mittag, J., Davis, B., Vujović, M., Arner, A., & Vennström, B. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-1201 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
A radioautographic study of proliferation in brown fat of the rat after exposure to cold
Hunt, T. E., & Hunt, E. A. (1967) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1091570313 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE THYROID IN MAINTAINING AN ADEQUATE PRODUCTION OF HEAT DURING EXPOSURE TO COLD
Ring, G. C. (1942) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1942.137.3.582 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Adrenoceptor subtypes mediating catecholamine-induced thermogenesis in man.
Blaak, E. E., SARIS, W. H. M., & van Baak, M. A. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
α-adrenergic stimulation of respiration in isolated rat hepatocytes
Binet, A., & Claret, M. (1983) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2100867 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Effect of ambient temperature on the paradoxical metabolic responses to norepinephrine
Zylan, K. D., & Carlisle, H. J. (1992) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(92)90193-j · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Diet-induced thermogenesis in cafeteria-fed rats: a myth?
Maxwell, G. M., Nobbs, S., & Bates, D. (1987) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1987.253.3.e264 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Roberts, S. B., & Coward, W. A. (1985) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000176949 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Thermoregulatory responses to beta‐adrenergic agonists at low ambient temperatures in the rat
Carlisle, H. J., & Stock, M. (1993) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1993.sp003725 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Calorimetric study of the energetics of pregnancy in golden hamsters
Quek, V. S., & Trayhurn, P. (1990) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.4.r807 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Paradoxical effects of exogenous norepinephrine on cold-induced thermogenesis in the rat
Zylan, K. D., & Carlisle, H. J. (1991) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90391-e · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Depocas, F., Zaror‐Behrens, G., & Lacelle, S. (1980) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y80-161 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cabral, P., Silva, G. B., Baigorria, S. T., Juncos, L. A., Juncos, L. I., & Garcia, N. H. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00225.2010 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Regulatory Factors that Reveal Three Distinct Adipocytes : The Brown, the White and the Brite
Waldén, T. B. (2010) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Terzić, M., & Stojić, D. L. (1990) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/0003-9969(90)90085-o · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 99 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
Müller, T. D., Finan, B., Bloom, S. R., D'Alessio, D., Drucker, D. J., Flatt, P. R., Fritsche, A., Gribble, F., Grill, H. J., Habener, J. F., et al. (2019) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.010 · Cited by 1,868 · see citing works
“In mice, acute central (i.c.v.) but not peripheral administration of GLP-1 increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature and increased the activity of sympathetic fibers that innervate the inguinal BAT [773].”
BackgroundInfluentialFGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis
Fisher, F. M., Kleiner, S., Douris, N., Fox, E. C., Mepani, R. J., Verdeguer, F., Wu, J., Kharitonenkov, A., Flier, J. S., Maratos-Flier, E., et al. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.177857.111 · Cited by 1,478 · see citing works
“2A,B), which is indicative of enhanced shivering (Cannon and Nedergaard 2011).”
BackgroundSarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies
Batsis, J. A., & Villareal, D. T. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0062-9 · Cited by 1,382 · see citing works
Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat
Evans, S. S., Repasky, E. A., & Fisher, D. T. (2015) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3843 · Cited by 1,267 · see citing works
Alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamines to sustain adaptive thermogenesis
Nguyen, K. D., Qiu, Y., Cui, X., Goh, Y. P. S., Mwangi, J., David, T., Mukundan, L., Brombacher, F., Locksley, R. M., & Chawla, A. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10653 · Cited by 1,038 · see citing works
Qiu, Y., Nguyen, K. D., Odegaard, J. I., Cui, X., Tian, X., Locksley, R. M., Palmiter, R. D., & Chawla, A. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.066 · Cited by 869 · see citing works
Protection from obesity and diabetes by blockade of TGF-β/smad3 signaling
Yadav, H., Quijano, C., Kamaraju, A. K., Gavrilova, O., Malek, R., Chen, W., Zerfas, P., Zhigang, D., Wright, E. C., Stuelten, C., et al. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.04.013 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
“In contrast, UCP1+ cells were absent in Smad3+/+ WAT.”
BackgroundInfluentialActivated Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Regulate Beige Fat Biogenesis
Lee, M.-W., Odegaard, J. I., Mukundan, L., Qiu, Y., Molofsky, A. B., Nussbaum, J. C., Yun, K. M., Locksley, R. M., & Chawla, A. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.011 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
“This rapid increase in heat production, which occurs within seconds to minutes, is mediated by several thermoeffectors, including cutaneous vasoconstriction, skeletal muscle shivering, and UCP1-mediated respiration in brown adipocytes; processes that are all activated by the sympathetic nervous system (Cannon and Nede…”
Cypess, A. M., White, A. P., Vernochet, C., Schulz, T. J., Xue, R., Sass, C. A., Huang, T. L., Roberts‐Toler, C., Weiner, L. S., Sze, C., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3112 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Li, G., Xie, C., Lu, S., Nichols, R. G., Tian, Y., Li, L., Patel, D., Ma, Y., Brocker, C. N., Yan, T., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.019 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Accumulation of succinate controls activation of adipose tissue thermogenesis
Mills, E. L., Pierce, K. A., Jedrychowski, M. P., Garrity, R., Winther, S., Vidoni, S., Yoneshiro, T., Spinelli, J. B., Lu, G. Z., Kazak, L., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0353-2 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
The Browning of White Adipose Tissue: Some Burning Issues
Nedergaard, J., & Cannon, B. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.005 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Self-citationDecreased consumption of branched-chain amino acids improves metabolic health
Fontana, L., Cummings, N. E., Arriola Apelo, S. I., Neuman, J. C., Kasza, I., Schmidt, B. A., Cava, E., Spelta, F., Tosti, V., Syed, F. A., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.092 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
“, 2006), we observed increased intradermal adipose tissue, which has been proposed to be key to thermal insulation (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2011; Kasza et al., 2014).”
Mitochondrial ROS regulate thermogenic energy expenditure and sulfenylation of UCP1
Chouchani, E. T., Kazak, L., Jedrychowski, M. P., Lu, G. Z., Erickson, B. K., Szpyt, J., Pierce, K. A., Laznik-Bogoslavski, D., Vetrivelan, R., Clish, C. B., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17399 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
How May GIP Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of GLP-1?
Samms, R. J., Coghlan, M. P., & Sloop, K. W. (2020) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2020.02.006 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Prdm16 Is Required for the Maintenance of Brown Adipocyte Identity and Function in Adult Mice
Harms, M. J., Ishibashi, J., Wang, W., Lim, H., Goyama, S., Sato, T., Kurokawa, M., Won, K., & Seale, P. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.007 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
“Since mice rely substantially on shivering thermogenesis during acute cold exposure (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2011), we further analyzed in vivo BAT function by measuring whole-animal oxygen consumption before and at several time points after injection of norepinephrine (NE), the classic activator of…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBrown-fat paucity due to impaired BMP signalling induces compensatory browning of white fat
Schulz, T. J., Huang, P. C., Huang, T. L., Xue, R., McDougall, L. E., Townsend, K. L., Cypess, A. M., Mishina, Y. M., Gussoni, E., & Tseng, Y. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11943 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
EHMT1 controls brown adipose cell fate and thermogenesis through the PRDM16 complex
Ohno, H., Shinoda, K., Ohyama, K., Sharp, L. Z., & Kajimura, S. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12652 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Schreiber, R., Diwoky, C., Schoiswohl, G., Feiler, U., Wongsiriroj, N., Abdellatif, M., Kolb, D., Joris Hoeks, J., Kershaw, E. E., Sedej, S., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.004 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
“Cell Metabolism 26, 1–11, N This is an open access article under the CC BY-N chain (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2011; Fedorenko et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCold but not sympathomimetics activates human brown adipose tissue in vivo
Cypess, A. M., Chen, Y., Sze, C., Wang, K., English, J., Chan, O., Holman, A. R., Tal, I., Palmer, M. R., Kolodny, G. M., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1207911109 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
“In addition to generating heat via nonshivering thermogenesis, BAT also burns calories in rodents through a process known as diet-induced thermogenesis (19, 20), indicating that despite its relatively small size, BAT could play a prominent role in general metabolic homeostasis.”
BackgroundThermal physiology of laboratory mice: Defining thermoneutrality
Gordon, C. J. (2012) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.08.004 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Mfn2 is critical for brown adipose tissue thermogenic function
Boutant, M., Kulkarni, S. S., Joffraud, M., Ratajczak, J., Valera‐Alberni, M., Combe, R., Zorzano, A., & Cantó, C. (2017) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201694914 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
“In order to evaluate non-shivering thermogenesis (BAT function), we measured is whole-body O 2 consumption in response to a specific b 3-adrenergic agonist, CL, in anesthetized mice as previously described (Cannon & Nedergaard, 2011).”
Vanweert, F., Schrauwen, P., & Esther Phielix, E. (2022) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/s41387-022-00213-3 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Development of insulin resistance in mice lacking PGC-1α in adipose tissues
Kleiner, S., Mepani, R. J., Laznik, D., Li, Y., Jurczak, M. J., Jornayvaz, F. R., Estall, J. L., Bhowmick, D. C., Shulman, G. I., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1207287109 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
“This phenotypemay depend on the housing of animals at ambient temperature (21 °C), which could be considered a mild thermogenic stress (42); it was not observed in WAT in a different mouse model of adipose PGC-1α deficiency in which mice were housed at thermoneutrality (43).”
BackgroundEnergetic Trade-Offs and Hypometabolic States Promote Disease Tolerance
Ganeshan, K., Nikkanen, J., Man, K., Leong, Y. A., Sogawa, Y., Maschek, J. A., Van Ry, T., Chagwedera, D. N., Cox, J. E., & Chawla, A. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.050 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
miR-155 regulates differentiation of brown and beige adipocytes via a bistable circuit
Chen, Y., Siegel, F., Kipschull, S., Haas, B., Fröhlich, H., Meister, G., & Pfeifer, A. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2742 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Fischer, A. W., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2017.10.009 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationInhibition of Notch signaling promotes browning of white adipose tissue and ameliorates obesity
Bi, P., Shan, T., Liu, W., Yue, F., Yang, X., Liang, X.-R., Wang, J., Li, J., Carlesso, N., Liu, X., et al. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3615 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Measuring Energy Metabolism in the Mouse – Theoretical, Practical, and Analytical Considerations
Speakman, J. R. (2013) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00034 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
“The procedure for the NA test of non-shivering thermogenesis is described in Cannon and Nedergaard (2011) and briefly summarized as follows.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCreatine metabolism: energy homeostasis, immunity and cancer biology
Kazak, L., & Cohen, P. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0365-5 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Genetically encoded fluorescent thermosensors visualize subcellular thermoregulation in living cells
Kiyonaka, S., Kajimoto, T., Sakaguchi, R., Shinmi, D., Omatsu‐Kanbe, M., Matsuura, H., Imamura, H., Yoshizaki, T., Hamachi, I., Morii, T., et al. (2013) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2690 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
The nuclear receptor Rev-erbα controls circadian thermogenic plasticity
Gerhart‐Hines, Z., Feng, D., Emmett, M. J., Everett, L. J., Loro, E., Briggs, E. R., Bugge, A. K., Hou, C., Ferrara, C., Seale, P., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12642 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
GIPR agonism mediates weight-independent insulin sensitization by tirzepatide in obese mice
Samms, R. J., Christe, M. E., Collins, K. A. L., Pirro, V., Droz, B. A., Holland, A. K., Friedrich, J. L., Wojnicki, S., Konkol, D. L., Cosgrove, R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci146353 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
“Thus, to maximize weight gain, circumvent protection from obesity, and ensure a state of IR, we exposed Glp-1r–/– animals to a 60% HFD and minimized thermal stress by housing animals in a thermal neutral (27°C) environment (38).”
BackgroundMechanisms of insulin resistance related to white, beige, and brown adipocytes
Czech, M. (2020) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.014 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Even, P. C., & Nadkarni, N. A. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00137.2012 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Warming the mouse to model human diseases
Ganeshan, K., & Chawla, A. (2017) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2017.48 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Integration of body temperature into the analysis of energy expenditure in the mouse
Abreu-Vieira, G., Xiao, C., Gavrilova, O., & Reitman, M. L. (2015) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2015.03.001 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“Mice are typically studied below their thermoneutral zone [7,8].”
BackgroundEmerging Complexities in Adipocyte Origins and Identity
Sánchez-Gurmaches, J., Hung, C., & Guertin, D. A. (2016) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2016.01.004 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
“At 22°C, mice are cold stressed and have an approximately 50% higher metabolic rate and consume more food than at thermoneutrality [92].”
BackgroundThe Immune System as a Sensor of the Metabolic State
Odegaard, J. I., & Chawla, A. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.04.001 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“In mammals, thermoregulation is composed of both heat-loss-reducing strategies (such as piloerection and cold-aversion behavior) and heat-generating strategies, of which nonshivering thermogenesis is the most important (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2011; Lowell and Spiegelman, 2000; Tseng et al., 2010).”
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase: rogue or innocent bystander?
Hodson, L., & Fielding, B. A. (2012) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2012.08.002 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“The lack of weight gain is attributed to increased energy expenditure and oxygen consumption, which may in part be explained by alopecia, skin barrier abnormalities [29] thus making it difficult for the mouse to thermoregulate as thermoneutrality of Scd1 deficient mice would presumably be higher than wild type mice [2…”
BackgroundBianco, A. C., Anderson, G., Forrest, D., Galton, V. A., Gereben, B., Kim, B. W., Kopp, P. A., Liao, X. H., Obregon, M. J., Peeters, R. P., et al. (2014) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2013.0109 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Sánchez-Gurmaches, J., Tang, Y., Jespersen, N. Z., Wallace, M., Calejman, C. M., Gujja, S., Li, H., Edwards, Y. J. K., Wolfrum, C., Metallo, C. M., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.008 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“However, studies using rodents often compare subcutaneouswhite adipose tissue (WAT) (andBAT) between animals housed at standardmouse facility temperature (often 21 C–22 C) and severe cold (SC) (typically 4 C–10 C), which induces ‘‘browning’’ of WAT, but also exposes mice to extreme conditions that may not be physiolog…”
InfluentialBrown adipose tissue thermogenic adaptation requires Nrf1-mediated proteasomal activity
Bartelt, A., Widenmaier, S. B., Schlein, C., Johann, K., Gonçalves, R. L. S., Eguchi, K., Fischer, A. W., Parlakgül, G., Snyder, N., Nguyen, T. B., et al. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4481 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Hypothalamic control of energy expenditure and thermogenesis
Tran, L. T., Park, S., Kim, S. K., Lee, J. S., Kim, K. W., & Kwon, O. (2022) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00741-z · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Brown Adipose Tissue in Adult Humans: A Metabolic Renaissance
Lee, P. C., Swarbrick, M. M., & Ho, K. K. Y. (2013) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2012-1081 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Heat or Insulation: Behavioral Titration of Mouse Preference for Warmth or Access to a Nest
Gaskill, B. N., Gordon, C. J., Pajor, E. A., Lucas, J. R., Davis, J. K., & Garner, J. P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032799 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“For instance, mice being housed at 26uC (the upper range of recommended temperatures) theoretically would need less material to stay warm than mice being housed at 20uC (the lower range) based on models of heat transfer [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialNot so hot: Optimal housing temperatures for mice to mimic the thermal environment of humans
Speakman, J. R., & Keijer, J. (2012) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2012.10.002 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“The recommendation has therefore been made that studies of mice should optimally be made at 30 1C, within the mouse thermoneutral zone, to best facilitate comparisons to humans ([4,5,11,31,36]—but see [49] for some practical problems with this recommendation).”
BackgroundHistone deacetylase 3 prepares brown adipose tissue for acute thermogenic challenge
Emmett, M. J., Lim, H., Jager, J., Richter, H. J., Adlanmérini, M., Peed, L. C., Briggs, E. R., Steger, D. J., Ma, T., Sims, C. A., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22819 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
“Following previously described protocols 33 , mice maintained at 22°C were anesthetized with 75 mg kg −1 pentobarbital (Nembutal) by intraperitoneal injection and placed into CLAMS cages pre-acclimated to 33°C to maintain mouse body temperature while under anesthesia.”
Impact of nesting material on mouse body temperature and physiology
Gaskill, B. N., Gordon, C. J., Pajor, E. A., Lucas, J. R., Davis, J. K., & Garner, J. P. (2013) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.12.018 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Eng, J. W. ‐., Kokolus, K. M., Reed, C. B., Hylander, B. L., Ma, W. W., & Repasky, E. A. (2014) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-014-1617-9 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
“This process, mediated primarily by NE, facilitates a rapid rise in metabolic rate and an elevation in body temperature [18].”
BackgroundDai, N., Zhao, L., Wrighting, D., Krämer, D., Majithia, A., Wang, Y., Cracan, V., Borges-Rivera, D., Mootha, V. K., Nahrendorf, M., et al. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.03.006 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“Mice maintained at 22 C–23 C, far from their thermoneutral temperature (28 C–30 C), are partially cold adapted, a response that involves increased mitochondrial biogenesis and UCP1 expression in brown fat (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2004, 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAdaptive thermogenesis with weight loss in humans
Müller, M. J., & Bosy‐Westphal, A. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20027 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“Without adrenergic stimulation, there is neither uncoupling nor functional BAT-activity (4).”
BackgroundInfluentialMouse Thermoregulation: Introducing the Concept of the Thermoneutral Point
Škop, V., Guo, J., Liu, N., Xiao, C., Hall, K. D., Gavrilova, O., & Reitman, M. L. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.065 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“Heat loss in the TNZ is controlled chiefly by regulating blood flow to superficial sites (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2011; Gordon, 2012; Kingma et al., 2012; Romanovsky, 2018; Romanovsky et al., 2002).”
BackgroundGenome-Wide Analysis of Cold Adaptation in Indigenous Siberian Populations
Cardona, A., Pagani, L., Antão, T., Lawson, D. J., Eichstaedt, C. A., Yngvadóttir, B., Shwe, M. T. T., Wee, J. T. S., Romero, I. G., Raj, S. M., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098076 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“Mechanisms allowing adaptation to the cold environment are expected to be complex and probably similar to convergent processes of high altitude adaptation [68] and therefore different cold-adapted populations may have undergone selection processes targeting different physiological functions [19,21].”
InfluentialBrown adipose tissue: Development, metabolism and beyond
Schulz, T. J., & Tseng, Y.-H. (2013) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20130457 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Chen, K. Y., Brychta, R. J., Linderman, J. D., Smith, S., Courville, A. B., Dieckmann, W., Herscovitch, P., Millo, C., Remaley, A. T., Lee, P., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4213 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Tsoli, M., Moore, M. M., Burg, D. W., Painter, A., Taylor, R., Lockie, S. H., Turner, N. A., Warren, A., Cooney, G., Oldfield, B. J., et al. (2012) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3536 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“at uncovering a phenotype for UCP1 when mice were acclimated to normal animal housing temperatures (34).”
A liver stress-endocrine nexus promotes metabolic integrity during dietary protein dilution
Maida, A., Zota, A., Sjøberg, K. A., Schumacher, J., Sijmonsma, T. P., Pfenninger, A., Christensen, M. M., Gantert, T., Fuhrmeister, J., Rothermel, U., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci85946 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Of mice and men: The physiological role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)
Schreiber, R., Xie, H., & Schweiger, M. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.008 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Translating Animal Model Research: Does It Matter That Our Rodents Are Cold?
Maloney, S. K., Fuller, A., Mitchell, D., Gordon, C. J., & Overton, J. M. (2014) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00029.2014 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
“The primary site of nonshivering thermogenesis in rodents exposed to cold is BAT, and BAT stores increase when a rodent is exposed to cold (12).”
The role of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase in obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation
Sampath, H., & Ntambi, J. M. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06303.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Unstressing intemperate models: how cold stress undermines mouse modeling
Karp, C. L. (2012) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20120988 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“…areas with warmer annual ambient temperatures correlated with worse CF lung disease in four independent cohorts of patients on two continents (Collaco et al., 2011), underscoring the possibility that cold stress–driven inhibition of myeloid cell reactivity may play a major role in…”
Backgroundde Azúa, I. R., Mancini, G., Srivastava, R. K., Rey, A. A., Cardinal, P., Tedesco, L., Zingaretti, C. M., Sassmann, A., Quarta, C., Schwitter, C., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci83626 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“WAT is also innervated, although to a lesser degree, suggesting that alternative pathways participate in the regulation of Ucp1 expression in WAT.”
ResultInfluentialEng, J. W. ‐., Reed, C. B., Kokolus, K. M., Pitoniak, R., Utley, A. T., Bucsek, M. J., Ma, W. W., Repasky, E. A., & Hylander, B. L. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7426 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Yu, S., Qualls‐Creekmore, E., Rezai-Zadeh, K. P., Jiang, Y., Berthoud, H., Morrison, C. D., Derbenev, A. V., Zsombok, A., & Münzberg, H. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0213-16.2016 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“We further speculate that LepRb POA neurons also modulate basal metabolic rate because pharmacogenetic activation of LepRb POA neurons still caused a significant decrease in energy expenditure at thermoneutrality (30°C), at which adaptive thermogenesis does not contribute to energy expenditure (Cannon and Nedergaard,…”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of Rodent Thermoregulation on Animal Models in the Research Environment
Hankenson, F. C., Marx, J. O., Gordon, C. J., & David, J. M. (2018) · Comparative Medicine · doi:10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000049 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
UCP1-independent thermogenesis
Roesler, A. A., & Kazak, L. (2020) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20190463 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Sex matters: The effects of biological sex on adipose tissue biology and energy metabolism
Valencak, T. G., Osterrieder, A., & Schulz, T. J. (2017) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.012 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Dyar, K. A., Hubert, M. J., Mir, A. A., Ciciliot, S., Lutter, D., Greulich, F., Quagliarini, F., Kleinert, M., Fischer, K., Eichmann, T. O., et al. (2018) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005886 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Analysis of energy metabolism in humans: A review of methodologies
Lam, Y. Y., & Ravussin, É. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.09.005 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“When mammals are exposed to temperatures outside their thermoneutral zone (a range of ambient temperatures within which basal metabolism is sufficient to maintain body temperature), thermoregulation mechanisms kick in to defend the body temperature set-point, and, subsequently, metabolic rate will increase [57].”
BackgroundTian, X. Y., Ganeshan, K., Hong, C., Nguyen, K. D., Qiu, Y., Kim, J., Tangirala, R. K., Tontonoz, P., & Chawla, A. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.10.003 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“A large number of preclinical studies with genetically modified mice have linked adipose tissue inflammation to the develop- 4 Cell Metabolism 23, 1–14, January 12, 2016 ª2016 Elsevier Inc. ment of obesity-associated insulin resistance (Mathis, 2013; Odegaard and Chawla, 2013a; Osborn andOlefsky, 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialBakker, L. E. H., Boon, M. R., van der Linden, R. A. D., Arias‐Bouda, L. M. P., van Klinken, J. B., Smit, F., Verberne, H. J., Jukema, J. W., Tamsma, J. T., Havekes, L. M., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70156-6 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Leptin Raises Defended Body Temperature without Activating Thermogenesis
Fischer, A. W., Hoefig, C. S., Abreu-Vieira, G., de Jong, J. M. A., Petrovič, N., Mittag, J., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.041 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationUrolithin A exerts antiobesity effects through enhancing adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice
Xia, B., Shi, X., Xie, B., Zhu, M., Chen, Y., Chu, X. Y., Cai, G. H., Liu, M., Yang, S. Z., Mitchell, G. A., et al. (2020) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000688 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“Louis, MO, USA) stimulation at 4 ̊C and thermoneutrality (30 ̊C) as described [82].”
MethodLi, G., Xie, C., Lu, S., Nichols, R. G., Tian, Y., Li, L., Patel, D., Ma, Y., Brocker, C. N., Yan, T., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.007 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“Emerging evidence suggests that non-shivering thermogenesis can re-establish energy balance and therefore counter the effects of elevated energy intake (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2011).”
Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in human adults: methodological issues
van der Lans, A. A. J. J., Wierts, R., Vosselman, M. J., Schrauwen, P., Brans, B. T., & Lichtenbelt, W. D. V. M. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00021.2014 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Chronic and acute effects of stress on energy balance: are there appropriate animal models?
Harris, R. B. S. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00361.2014 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“Rodents are usually housed below thermoneutrality and have the opportunity to develop significant brown fat depots (40).”
BackgroundIntracellular thermometry with fluorescent sensors for thermal biology
Okabe, K., Sakaguchi, R., Shi, B., & Kiyonaka, S. (2018) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-018-2113-4 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“However, whether muscles act as heatgenerating organs remains controversial [8].”
BackgroundGoldgof, M., Xiao, C., Chanturiya, T., Jou, W., Gavrilova, O., & Reitman, M. L. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.568204 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“7 The theoretical implications of the mouse/human differences in thermal biology for drug development have been noted (46-48), but we are unaware of pharmacotherapy studies actually evaluating this theory.”
Backgroundde Jong, J. M. A., Sun, W., Pires, N. D., Frontini, A., Balaz, M., Jespersen, N. Z., Feizi, A., Petrovic, K., Fischer, A. W., Bokhari, M. H., et al. (2019) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-019-0101-4 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, T., Tang, J.-J., Li, P., Shen, Y., Li, J., Miao, H., Li, B.-L., & Song, B. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.06.014 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Srivastava, S., Kashiwaya, Y., King, M. T., Baxa, U., Tam, J., Niu, G., Chen, X. S., Clarke, K., & Veech, R. L. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.11-200410 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“Data are presented on a per mouse basis and are not normalized to body weight (31, 32).”
BackgroundThermoneutrality decreases thermogenic program and promotes adiposity in high-fat diet-fed mice
Cui, X., Nguyen, N. L. T., Zarebidaki, E., Cao, Q., Li, F., Zha, L., Bartness, T. J., Shi, H., & Xue, B. (2016) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12799 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Estrogen-sensitive medial preoptic area neurons coordinate torpor in mice
Zhang, Z., Reis, F. M., He, Y., Park, J. W., DiVittorio, J. R., Sivakumar, N., van Veen, J. E., Maesta‐Pereira, S., Shum, M., Nichols, I., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20050-1 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Dermal white adipose tissue: a new component of the thermogenic response
Alexander, C. M., Kasza, I., Yen, C.-L., Reeder, S. B., Hernando, D., Gallo, R. L., Jahoda, C. A. B., Horsley, V., & MacDougald, O. A. (2015) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r062893 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Lai, M.-C., Chandrasekera, P. C., & Barnard, N. D. (2014) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/nutd.2014.30 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Sakaguchi, M., Fujisaka, S., Cai, W., Winnay, J. N., Konishi, M., O'Neill, B. T., Li, M., García-Martín, R., Takahashi, H., Hu, J., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.008 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“To examine response to adrenergic stimulation, mice were injected intraperitoneally with a b3-adrenergic receptor-specific agonist CL-316,243 1 mg/kg (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2011).”
MethodXiao, C., Goldgof, M., Gavrilova, O., & Reitman, M. L. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21124 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“thermoneutrality for mice (3,4); cold-induced thermogenesis for sin-”
Reber, J., Willershäuser, M., Karlas, A., Paul-Yuan, K., Diot, G., Franz, D., Fromme, T., Ovsepian, S. V., Bézière, N., Goun, E. A., et al. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.002 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Hao, Q., Yadav, R., Basse, A. L., Petersen, S., Sonne, S. B., Rasmussen, S., Zhu, Q., Lu, Z., Wang, J., Audouze, K., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00277.2014 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“treatment with a β-adrenergic receptor agonist and selective sympathetic stimulation in iBAT during 405 cold exposure (4).”
MethodZuriaga, M. A., Fuster, J. J., Gokce, N., & Walsh, K. (2017) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2017.00027 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“Humans have replaced the endogenous thermoregulatory mechanisms with the donning of clothing and macro-environmental manipulations (39).”
Central control of thermogenesis
Clapham, J. C. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.10.014 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“…methods there are a number of potential pitfalls that should be heeded in both how data from the measurement of gases is transformed and in how the experiments are conducted in the live-phase, at the animals thermoneutral temperature for example (Arch et al., 2006; Cannon and Nedergaard, 2011).”
The role of somatosensory innervation of adipose tissues
Wang, Y., Leung, V. H., Zhang, Y., Nudell, V., Loud, M. C., Servin‐Vences, M. R., Yang, D. U., Wang, K., Moya-Garzón, M. D., Li, V. L., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05137-7 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Perinatal Licensing of Thermogenesis by IL-33 and ST2
Odegaard, J. I., Lee, M.-W., Sogawa, Y., Bertholet, A. M., Locksley, R. M., Weinberg, D. E., Kirichok, Y., Deo, R. C., & Chawla, A. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.040 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“In mammals, two types of programs support thermal homeostasis in cold environments: heat conservation and heat generation (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2011; Lowell and Spiegelman, 2000).”
InfluentialLight modulates glucose metabolism by a retina-hypothalamus-brown adipose tissue axis
Meng, J.-J., Shen, J., Li, G., Ouyang, C., Hu, J., Li, Z., Zhao, H., Shi, Y., Zhang, M., Liu, R., et al. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.024 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Role in Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis
Maliszewska, K., & Kretowski, A. J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22041530 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“A second description of total daily energy expenditure is the use of obligatory and facultative thermogenesis [34].”
BackgroundBrite/beige fat and UCP1 — is it thermogenesis?
Keipert, S., & Jastroch, M. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.008 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“However, counter arguments may be posited as body temperature is also maintained without functional BAT [21] and as the adaptive part of nonshivering thermogenesis requires comparison to and measurement in thermoneutrality [30].”
BackgroundCold-induced thermogenesis in humans
Brychta, R. J., & Chen, K. Y. (2016) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.223 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Evolved Mechanisms of Aerobic Performance and Hypoxia Resistance in High-Altitude Natives
McClelland, G. B., & Scott, G. R. (2018) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021317-121527 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“Abbreviations: ADP, adenosine 5′-diphosphate; BAT, brown adipose tissue; β-ox, β-oxidation; FAT/CD36, fatty acid translocase; GLUT, glucose transporter; HK, hexokinase; IMTG, intramuscular triglyceride; P, phosphorylated; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; Pi, inorganic phosphate; TCA, tricarboxcylic acid; UCP-1, uncoupling…”
BackgroundInfluentialChen, K. Y., Brychta, R. J., Sater, Z. A., Cassimatis, T. M., Cero, C., Fletcher, L. A., Israni, N. S., Johnson, J. W., Lea, H. J., Linderman, J. D., et al. (2019) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.rev119.007363 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“The detailed relationship between EE and environmental temperature is largely based on classical animal studies by Kleiber (6) and Scholander et al. (7), and more recently by Cannon, Nedergaard, and co-workers (5, 8) and Abreu-Vieira et al. (9).”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Cannon, Barbara
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Biology
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2011-01-15
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 242-253
- ISSN
- 0022-0949 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9145
- OpenAlex
- W2148400263
- Cited by
- 677
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Biology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RVC Research Online (Royal Veterinary College) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- non-shivering thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue, thermoneutrality, ambient temperature, metabolic rate measurement, norepinephrine, shivering, diet-induced thermogenesis, obesity, energy balance, mice, fur insulation
- MeSH terms
- Acclimatization, Animals, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Cold Temperature, Humans, Norepinephrine, Thermogenesis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
