Stochastic thermodynamics of single enzymes and molecular motors
Open accessAbstract
For a single enzyme or molecular motor operating in an aqueous solution of non-equilibrated solute concentrations, a thermodynamic description is developed on the level of an individual trajectory of transitions between states. The concept of internal energy, intrinsic entropy and free energy for states follows from a microscopic description using one assumption on time scale separation. A first-law energy balance then allows the unique identification of the heat dissipated in one transition. Consistency with the second law on the ensemble level enforces both stochastic entropy as third contribution to the entropy change involved in one transition and the local detailed balance condition for the ratio between forward and backward rates for any transition. These results follow without assuming weak coupling between the enzyme and the solutes, ideal solution behavior or mass action law kinetics. The present approach highlights both the crucial role of the intrinsic entropy of each state and the physically questionable role of chemiostats for deriving the first law for molecular motors subject to an external force under realistic conditions.
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Enzymes and molecular motors can be described thermodynamically by ensembles of discrete states.
“Thermodynamically, both enzymes and molecular motors can be described by ensembles of a discrete set of states.532–533”
From Protein Ensembles: How Does Nature Harness Thermodynamic Fluctuations for Life? The Diverse Functional Roles of Conformational Ensembles in the Cell (2016) · cites this paper as [533]
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- Authors
- Seifert, U.
- Affiliations
- University of Stuttgart (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Seifert, U.
- ORCID
- Seifert, U.
- Venue
- The European Physical Journal E
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 26-26
- ISSN
- 1292-8941 (ISSN-L)
- 1292-895X
- OpenAlex
- W2022842756
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- The European Physical Journal E (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › stochastic dynamics and bifurcation
- Keywords
- stochastic thermodynamics, molecular motors, heat dissipation, first law of thermodynamics, second law, detailed balance, free energy, internal energy, time-scale separation, enzyme kinetics
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Enzymes, Hydrolysis, Kinetics, Models, Chemical, Protein Conformation, Stochastic Processes, Entropy, Molecular Motor Proteins
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