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Conformational dynamics of the nucleotide binding domains and the power stroke of a heterodimeric ABC transporter

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The ineluctable requirement for the trans-iron elements molybdenum and/or tungsten in the origin of life

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Methane on Mars and Habitability: Challenges and Responses

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Pumps through the Ages

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The Emergence of Life

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Defining Lyfe in the Universe: From Three Privileged Functions to Four Pillars

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Trajectory and Cycle-Based Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Molecular Machines: The Importance of Microscopic Reversibility

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Frankenstein or a Submarine Alkaline Vent: Who is Responsible for Abiogenesis?: Part 2: As life is now, so it must have been in the beginning

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Colloquium: Physical constraints for the evolution of life on exoplanets

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Methane: Fuel or Exhaust at the Emergence of Life?

Russell, M. J., & Nitschke, W. (2017) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1599 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

On the Natural History of Flavin-Based Electron Bifurcation

Baymann, F., Schoepp‐Cothenet, B., Duval, S., Guiral, M., Brugna, M., Baffert, C., Russell, M. J., & Nitschke, W. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01357 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Modern views of ancient metabolic networks

Goldford, J. E., & Segrè, D. (2018) · Current Opinion in Systems Biology · doi:10.1016/j.coisb.2018.01.004 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Stochastic pumping of non-equilibrium steady-states: how molecules adapt to a fluctuating environment

Astumian, R. D. (2017) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c7cc06683j · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters Catalyzed by Inorganic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Acting as Biocatalysts

Huang, X. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1628 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Universal biology and the statistical mechanics of early life

Goldenfeld, N. D., Biancalani, T., & Jafarpour, F. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0341 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Kinetic Asymmetry and Directionality of Nonequilibrium Molecular Systems

Astumian, R. D. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202306569 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Ratcheting synthesis

Borsley, S., Gallagher, J., Leigh, D. A., & Roberts, B. M. W. (2023) · Nature Reviews Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41570-023-00558-y · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Fougerite: the not so simple progenitor of the first cells

Duval, S., Baymann, F., Schoepp‐Cothenet, B., Trolard, F., Bourrié, G., Grauby, O., Branscomb, E., Russell, M. J., & Nitschke, W. (2019) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2019.0063 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Stochastically pumped adaptation and directional motion of molecular machines

Astumian, R. D. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1714498115 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Frankenstein or a Submarine Alkaline Vent: Who Is Responsible for Abiogenesis?

Branscomb, E., & Russell, M. J. (2018) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201700179 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Six ‘Must-Have’ Minerals for Life’s Emergence: Olivine, Pyrrhotite, Bridgmanite, Serpentine, Fougerite and Mackinawite

Russell, M. J., & Ponce, A. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10110291 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

The “Water Problem”(sic), the Illusory Pond and Life’s Submarine Emergence—A Review

Russell, M. J. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11050429 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Subsurface exolife

Lingam, M., & Loeb, A. (2018) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550418000083 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Analysis of kinetic asymmetry in a multi-cycle reaction network establishes the principles for autonomous compartmentalized molecular ratchets

Penocchio, E., Bachir, A., Credi, A., Astumian, R. D., & Ragazzon, G. (2024) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2024.07.038 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Alkaline vents and steep Na+ gradients from ridge-flank basalts-Implications for the origin and evolution of life

Price, R., Boyd, E. S., Hoehler, T. M., Wehrmann, L. M., Bogason, E., Valtýsson, H. Þ., Örlygsson, J., Gautason, B., & Amend, J. P. (2017) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g39474.1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

On the why's and how's of clay minerals' importance in life's emergence

Duval, S., Branscomb, E., Trolard, F., Bourrié, G., Grauby, O., Heresanu, V., Schoepp‐Cothenet, B., Zuchan, K., Russell, M. J., & Nitschke, W. (2020) · Applied Clay Science · doi:10.1016/j.clay.2020.105737 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

A Constructive Way to Think about Different Hydrothermal Environments for the Origins of Life

Omran, A. P., & Pasek, M. A. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10040036 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Fundamental constraints to the logic of living systems

Solé, R., Kempes, C. P., Corominas-Murtra, B., De Domenico, M., Kolchinsky, A., Lachmann, M., Libby, E., Saavedra, S., Smith, E., & Wolpert, D. (2024) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2024.0010 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

On the beneficent thickness of water

Branscomb, E., & Russell, M. J. (2019) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2019.0061 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Experimental Approaches for Testing the Hypothesis of the Emergence of Life at Submarine Alkaline Vents

Altair, T., Borges, L. G. F., Galante, D., & Varela, H. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11080777 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Simulating Serpentinization as It Could Apply to the Emergence of Life Using the JPL Hydrothermal Reactor

White, L. M., Shibuya, T., Vance, S. D., Christensen, L. E., Bhartia, R., Kidd, R. D., Hoffmann, A., Stucky, G. D., Kanik, I., & Russell, M. J. (2020) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1949 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Mineralogy, geochemistry and occurrences of fougerite in a modern hydrothermal system and its implications for the origin of life

Trolard, F., Duval, S., Nitschke, W., Ménèz, B., Pisapia, C., Nacib, J. B., Andréani, M., & Bourrié, G. (2021) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103910 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Aqueous electrochemistry: The toolbox for life's emergence from redox disequilibria

Nitschke, W., Schoepp‐Cothenet, B., Duval, S., Zuchan, K., Farr, O., Baymann, F., Panico, F., Minguzzi, A., Branscomb, E., & Russell, M. J. (2022) · Electrochemical Science Advances · doi:10.1002/elsa.202100192 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Why the Submarine Alkaline Vent is the Most Reasonable Explanation for the Emergence of Life

Branscomb, E., & Russell, M. J. (2019) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201800208 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

The Power Without the Glory: Multiple Roles of Hydrogen Peroxide in Mediating the Origin of Life

Ball, R. V., & Brindley, J. (2019) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1886 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Plausibility of the Formose Reaction in Alkaline Hydrothermal Vent Environments

Omran, A. P. (2020) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-020-09599-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Escapement mechanisms: Efficient free energy transduction by reciprocally‐coupled gating

Carter, C. W. (2019) · Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.25856 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

How We Simplify, Circumvent, or Distort Causal Mechanistic Reasoning in Chemistry

Talanquer, V. (2024) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00281 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Potassium at the Origins of Life: Did Biology Emerge from Biotite in Micaceous Clay?

Hansma, H. G. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12020301 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

A self-sustaining serpentinization mega-engine feeds the fougerite nanoengines implicated in the emergence of guided metabolism

Russell, M. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1145915 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The Winding Road from Origin to Emergence (of Life)

Nitschke, W., Farr, O., Gaudu, N., Truong, C., Guyot, F., Russell, M. J., & Duval, S. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14050607 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Reciprocally-Coupled Gating: Strange Loops in Bioenergetics, Genetics, and Catalysis

Carter, C. W., & Wills, P. R. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11020265 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

What's in a name: the etymology of astrobiology

Lingam, M., & Loeb, A. (2020) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550420000154 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Martian Magmatic Clay Minerals Forming Vesicles: Perfect Niches for Emerging Life?

Viennet, J., Bernard, S., Guillou, C. L., Sautter, V., Grégoire, B., Jambon, A., du Pont, S. C., Beyssac, O., Zanda, B., Hewins, R. H., et al. (2021) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2020.2345 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Natural Radioactive Environments as Sources of Local Disequilibrium for the Emergence of Life

Altair, T., Sartori, L. M., Rodrigues, F., de Avellar, M. G. B., & Galante, D. (2020) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2019.2133 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Microbial ecology of a shallow alkaline hydrothermal vent: Strýtan Hydrothermal Field, Eyjafördur, northern Iceland

Twing, K. I., Ward, L. M., Kane, Z. K., Sanders, A., Price, R. E., Pendleton, H. L., Giovannelli, D., Brazelton, W. J., & McGlynn, S. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.960335 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Catalysis‐driven Active Transport Across a Liquid Membrane

Liang, K., Nicoli, F., Shehimy, S. A., Penocchio, E., Noja, S. D., Li, Y., Bonfio, C., Borsley, S., & Ragazzon, G. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202421234 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Life’s Mechanism

Pierce, S. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13081750 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Physics of Life: Exploring Information as a Distinctive Feature of Living Systems

Bartlett, S., Eckford, A. W., Egbert, M. D., Lingam, M., Kolchinsky, A., Frank, A., & Ghoshal, G. (2025) · PRX Life · doi:10.1103/rsx4-8x5f · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Kinetic Asymmetry and Directionality of Nonequilibrium Molecular Systems

Astumian, R. D. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202306569 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

A Drive towards Thermodynamic Efficiency for Dissipative Structures in Chemical Reaction Networks

Ueltzhöffer, K., Costa, L. D., Cialfi, D., & Friston, K. (2021) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e23091115 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Self-Motility of an Active Particle Induced by Correlations in the Surrounding Solution

Domínguez, Á., Popescu, M. N., Rohwer, C. M., & Dietrich, S. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.268002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

It is Neither Frankenstein Nor a Submarine Alkaline Vent, It is Just the Second Law

Ross, D. S. (2018) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201800149 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Theoretical Constraints Imposed by Gradient Detection and Dispersal on Microbial Size in Astrobiological Environments

Lingam, M. (2021) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2020.2392 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The molecular mechanism of ATP synthase constrains the evolutionary landscape of chemiosmosis

Macdonald, J. E., & Ashby, P. D. (2025) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2025.05.017 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Geochemical Complexity in Terrestrial Hot Spring Fields: Implications for the Origin of Life

Kranendonk, M. J. V., Penrose, L. K., Havig, J. R., Rowe, M. C., Campbell, K. A., Nakamura, E., & Hamilton, T. L. (2026) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1177/15311074261433305 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Anomalous thermal fluctuation distribution sustains proto-metabolic cycles and biomolecule synthesis

Ball, R. V., & Brindley, J. (2019) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c9cp05756k · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Interpreting molecular ratchets, directionality, and kinetic asymmetry through the work of Curie, Einstein, and Lewis

Astumian, R. D. (2025) · Communications Physics · doi:10.1038/s42005-025-02303-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Artificial Molecular Ratchets: Tools Enabling Endergonic Processes

Sangchai, T., Shehimy, S. A., Penocchio, E., & Ragazzon, G. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202309501 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Selection in molecular evolution

Abel, D. L. (2024) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A · doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.07.004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Rules, hypergraphs, and probabilities: The three-level analysis of chemical reaction systems and other stochastic stoichiometric population processes

Smith, E., Smith, H. B., & Andersen, J. L. (2024) · PLOS complex systems. · doi:10.1371/journal.pcsy.0000022 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

On the mutual solubility of water with H2/N2/CO2 gas mixtures under high pressure/temperature conditions relevant to hydrothermal vent chemistry: A co-localized infrared/Raman spectroscopic investigation

Boé, G., & Tassaing, T. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127204 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Catalysis‐driven Active Transport Across a Liquid Membrane

Liang, K., Nicoli, F., Shehimy, S. A., Penocchio, E., Noja, S. D., Li, Y., Bonfio, C., Borsley, S., & Ragazzon, G. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202421234 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Prospecting for life

Russell, M. J. (2019) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2019.0050 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Thermodynamic impacts of combinatorial mutagenesis on protein conformational stability: precise, high-throughput measurement by ThermofluorPreprint

Weinreb, V., Weinreb, G. E., Chandrasekaran, S. N., Das, J., Dokholyan, N. V., & Carter, C. W. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/591495 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Science of the gaps

Smith, E., & Kubica, A. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2024.0282 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Self-Organization Through Semiosis

Beekman, W., & Jochemsen, H. (2023) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1007/s13752-023-00432-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Figuring out how life first took off is (much like) rocket science!

Russell, M. J. (2019) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2019.05.008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Microcalorimetry reveals multi-state thermal denaturation of G. stearothermophilus tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase

Chandrasekaran, S. N., Das, J., Dokholyan, N. V., & Carter, C. W. (2023) · Structural Dynamics · doi:10.1063/4.0000181 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

High-throughput thermal denaturation of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase combinatorial mutants reveals high-order energetic coupling determinants of conformational stability

Weinreb, V., Weinreb, G. E., & Carter, C. W. (2023) · Structural Dynamics · doi:10.1063/4.0000182 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Transient Colloid Assembly by Fuel-Driven Modulation of Depletion InteractionsPreprint

van der Helm, M. P., Wang, C., Lewis, R. W., Schyck, S., Rossi, L., & Eelkema, R. (2020) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.13150679.v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Nanometric and Hydrophobic Green Rust Minerals upon Exposure to Amino Acids and Nickel as Prerequisites for a Primitive Chemiosmosis

Gaudu, N., Truong, C., Farr, O., Clouet, A., Grauby, O., Ferry, D., Parent, P., Laffon, C., Ona-Nguéma, G., Guyot, F., et al. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15040671 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Identification of a FeII-FeIII hydroxyphosphate formed by anionic exchange of a hydroxychloride green rust precursor

Sdiri, W., Coustel, R., Ounacer, M., Cornu, D., Nelson, A., Ona-Nguéma, G., Despas, C., Mallet, M., André, E., Truong, C., et al. (2026) · Surfaces and Interfaces · doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108518 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The Biosynthesis of Proteins for Nano Engines as a Normative Process

Beekman, W., & Jochemsen, H. (2023) · Biosemiotics · doi:10.1007/s12304-023-09540-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Computational Analysis of the Kinetic Requirements for Coupled Reaction Systems

Incarbone, S., & GIOIA, L. D. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30040911 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Green Rust: The Simple Organizing ‘Seed’ of All Life?Preprint

Russell, M. J. (2018) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0096.v1

Modeling myosin with interacting linkagesPreprint

Omabegho, T. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.04.20.440673 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Comment on the perspective article "Thermodynamic uncertainty relations constrain non-equilibrium fluctuations"Preprint

Astumian, R. D. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2003.10747

Life is the self-regulating conversion of thermodynamic disequilibria into directed motion.Preprint

Pierce, S. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University)

Transient Colloid Assembly by Fuel-Driven Modulation of Depletion InteractionsPreprint

van der Helm, M. P., Wang, C., Lewis, R. W., Schyck, S., Rossi, L., & Eelkema, R. (2020) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.13150679

Enzymes and Demons

Graham, L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38681-7_11

The Engines of Creation

Graham, L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38681-7_5

Recent Advancements in Information Ratchet Design

Incarbone, S., & GIOIA, L. D. (2026) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules31081282

Design of a minimal, allosteric, and ATPase-like machine using mechanical linkagesPreprint

Omabegho, T. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.111064.1

Design of a minimal, allosteric, and ATPase-like machine using mechanical linkagesPreprint

Omabegho, T. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.111064

Molecular Active Matter, Kinetic Asymmetry, and Non‐Reciprocal Interactions

Mandal, N. S., Lu, X., Sen, A., & Astumian, R. D. (2026) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.74782

A Potential Energetic Driver for Phosphorylation on Europa

Omran, A. P., Dzurilla, K. A., Rodriguez, L. E., Feng, T., Abbatiello, J., Barge, L. M., & Pasek, M. A. (2026) · ChemSystemsChem · doi:10.1002/syst.70054

The natural philosophy of engines

Cottrell, A. H. (1979) · Contemporary Physics · doi:10.1080/00107517908227799 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics applied to energy conversion in biological systems

Walz, D. (1997) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8994-0_1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Turnstiles and bifurcators: The disequilibrium converting engines that put metabolism on the road

Branscomb, E., & Russell, M. J. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.10.003 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

What life is: the conversion of thermodynamic disequilibria into directional motion

Pierce, S. (2020) · Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)

Frankenstein or a Submarine Alkaline Vent: Who Is Responsible for Abiogenesis?

Branscomb, E., & Russell, M. J. (2018) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201700179 · Cited by 43 · see citing works