DE SITTER MUSINGS
Open accessAbstract
We discuss some of the issues arising when considering asymptotically de Sitter space–times and attempts to address them. Our development begins at the classical level where several initial value problems are discussed and ends with several proposals for holography in asymptotically de Sitter space–times. Throughout the paper we give a review of some basic notions such as the geometry of Schwarzschild–de Sitter black hole, the Nariai limit and quantum field theory in a fixed de Sitter background. We also briefly discuss some semiclassical aspects such as the nucleation of black holes and the Hartle–Hawking wavefunctional. We end by giving an overview of some open questions. An emphasis is placed on the differences between a static patch observer confined to live in a thermal cavity and the metaobserver who has access to a finite region of the future boundary.
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There is no concrete dS/CFT correspondence and no precise dual theory has yet been identified.
“This describes this of a concrete dS/CFT correspondence, and no precise dual theory has yet been identified (Anninos, 2012).”
From Holographic Principle Applications to Cosmology (2025) · cites this paper as Anninos, 2012
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Beginning inflation in an inhomogeneous universe
East, W. E., Kleban, M., Linde, A. D., & Senatore, L. (2016) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2016/09/010 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Gorbenko, V., Silverstein, E. M., & Torroba, G. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2019)085 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
String cosmology: From the early universe to today
Cicoli, M., Conlon, J. P., Maharana, A., Parameswaran, S., Quevedo, F., & Ivonne Zavala, C. (2024) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.002 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Analyticity and unitarity for cosmological correlators
Pietro, L. D., Gorbenko, V., & Komatsu, S. (2022) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2022)023 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Late-time structure of the Bunch-Davies de Sitter wavefunction
Anninos, D., Anous, T., Freedman, D. Z., & Konstantinidis, G. (2015) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2015/11/048 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationA stereoscopic look into the bulk
Czech, B. (2022) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · doi:10.1007/jhep07%282016%29129 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Infrared realization of dS 2 in AdS 2
Anninos, D., & A, D. M. H. (2018) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/aab143 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationDe Sitter holography and entanglement entropy
Dong, X., Silverstein, E., & Torroba, G. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep07(2018)050 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Partially massless fields during inflation
Baumann, D., Goon, G. L., Lee, H., & Pimentel, G. L. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2018)140 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Standard Model mass spectrum in inflationary universe
Chen, X., Wang, Y., & Xianyu, Z.-Z. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2017)058 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Wave function of Vasiliev’s universe: A few slices thereof
Anninos, D., Frederik Denef, B., & Harlow, D. (2013) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.88.084049 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citation$$ T\overline{T} $$ and EE, with implications for (A)dS subregion encodings
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De Sitter holography and entanglement entropy
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Festina lente:1 EFT constraints from charged black hole evaporation in de Sitter
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Pure de Sitter space and the island moving back in time
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De Sitter horizons & holographic liquids
Anninos, D., Galante, D. A., & A, D. M. H. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep07(2019)038 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationNew Constraints on Classical de Sitter: Flirting with the Swampland
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Quasi-local energy and microcanonical entropy in two-dimensional nearly de Sitter gravity
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The central dogma and cosmological horizons
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3D flat holography: entropy and logarithmic corrections
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Snowmass white paper: The cosmological bootstrap
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Poole, A., Skenderis, K., & Taylor, M. (2019) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ab117c · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Higher spin de Sitter Hilbert space
Anninos, D., Frederik Denef, B., Monten, R., & Sun, Z. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2019)071 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationDe Sitter space and entanglement
Arias, C., Diaz, F., & Sundell, P. (2019) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ab5b78 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Extremal surfaces in de Sitter spacetime
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The FL bound and its phenomenological implications
Montero, M., Vafa, C., Riet, T. V., & Venken, G. (2021) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2021)009 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Emparan, R., Pedraza, J. F., Svesko, A., Tomašević, M., & Visser, M. R. (2022) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep11(2022)073 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Holographic complexity and de Sitter space
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Beginners lectures on flux compactifications and related Swampland topics
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Higher spin de Sitter holography from functional determinants
Anninos, D., Frederik Denef, B., Konstantinidis, G., & Shaghoulian, E. (2014) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2014)007 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationThe minus sign in the first law of de Sitter horizons
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Amplitudes meet cosmology: A (scalar) primer
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Quantum complexity in gravity, quantum field theory, and quantum information science
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Inflation correlators at the one-loop order: nonanalyticity, factorization, cutting rule, and OPE
Qin, Z., & Zhong-zhi Xianyu, A. (2023) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2023)116 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Notes on matrix models (matrix musings)
Anninos, D., & Mühlmann, B. (2020) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/aba499 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantum Reverse Hypercontractivity: Its Tensorization and Application to Strong Converses
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Topology of future infinity in dS/CFT
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Comments on entanglement entropy in the dS/CFT correspondence
Sato, Y. (2015) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.086009 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Conformal quivers and melting molecules
Anninos, D., Anous, T., de Lange, P., & Konstantinidis, G. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2015)066 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperbolic compactification of M-theory and de Sitter quantum gravity
De Luca, G. B., Silverstein, E., & Torroba, G. (2022) · SciPost Physics · doi:10.21468/scipostphys.12.3.083 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Cosmological shapes of higher-spin gravity
Anninos, D., Luca, V. D., Franciolini, G., Kehagias, A., & Riotto, A. W. (2019) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2019/04/045 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationLate-time structure of the Bunch-Davies de Sitter wavefunction
Anninos, D., Anous, T., Freedman, D. Z., & Konstantinidis, G. (2015) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationFurther remarks on de Sitter space, extremal surfaces, and time entanglement
Narayan, K. (2024) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.109.086009 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Anninos, D., Galante, D. A., & Maneerat, C. (2024) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad5824 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationFinite features of quantum de Sitter space
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Self-citationOn the Euclidean action of de Sitter black holes and constrained instantons
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Anninos, D., Samani, J., & Shaghoulian, E. (2014) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2014)118 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationModave lectures on de Sitter space & holography
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de Sitter supersymmetry revisited
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Quasinormal quantization in de Sitter spacetime
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On the mass of static metrics with positive cosmological constant: I
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Light scalars at the cosmological collider
Chakraborty, P., & Stout, J. (2024) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2024)021 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Interpolating geometries and the stretched dS2 horizon
Anninos, D., & Harris, E. (2022) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep11(2022)166 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationComplex geodesics in de Sitter space
Chapman, S., Galante, D. A., Harris, E., Sheorey, S. U., & Vegh, D. (2023) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2023)006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The wave function of quantum de Sitter
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Equivalence of emergent de Sitter spaces from conformal field theory
Asplund, C. T., Callebaut, N., & Zukowski, C. (2016) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2016)154 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Near-extremal limits of de Sitter black holes
Castro, A., Mariani, F., & Toldo, C. (2023) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep07(2023)131 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The cosmological switchback effect
Baiguera, S., Berman, R. S., Chapman, S., & Myers, R. C. (2023) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep07(2023)162 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Tensors and spinors in de Sitter space
Pethybridge, B., & Schaub, V. (2022) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2022)123 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Holographic representation of local operators in de Sitter space
Xiao, X. (2014) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.024061 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
de Sitter future-past extremal surfaces and the entanglement wedge
Narayan, K. (2020) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.101.086014 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Is action complexity better for de Sitter space in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity?
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The discreet charm of the discrete series in dS2
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Self-citationTowards non-AdS holography via the long string phenomenon
van Leuven, S., Verlinde, E., & Visser, M. R. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2018)097 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Keeping matter in the loop in dS3 quantum gravity
Castro, A., Coman, I., Fliss, J. R., & Zukowski, C. (2023) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep07(2023)120 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A microscopic realization of dS$_3$
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Compact scalars at the cosmological collider
Chakraborty, P., & Stout, J. (2024) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2024)149 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Unitarity at the late time boundary of de Sitter
Şengör, G., & Skordis, C. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2020)041 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Les Houches lectures on inflationary observables and string theoryPreprint
Silverstein, E. M. (2013) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1311.2312 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Spinors in (Anti-)de Sitter Space
Schaub, V. (2023) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2023)142 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Warped Entanglement EntropyPreprint
Anninos, D., Samani, J., & Shaghoulian, E. (2016) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationHolographic complexity of the extended Schwarzschild-de Sitter space
Aguilar-Gutierrez, S. E., Baiguera, S., & Zenoni, N. (2024) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2024)201 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chern-Simons-Ghost theories and De Sitter space
Anninos, D., Mahajan, R., Radičević, Đ., & Shaghoulian, E. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep01(2015)074 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationThe two-sphere partition function in two-dimensional quantum gravity at fixed area
Mühlmann, B. (2021) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2021)189 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The two-sphere partition function from timelike Liouville theory at three-loop order
Mühlmann, B. (2022) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2022)057 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
On the Mass of Static Metrics with Positive Cosmological Constant: II
Borghini, S., & Mazzieri, L. (2020) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/s00220-020-03739-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Towards complexity in de Sitter space from the doubled-scaled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
Aguilar-Gutierrez, S. E. (2024) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2024)107 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Remarks on 2D quantum cosmology
Anninos, D., Baracco, C., & Mühlmann, B. (2024) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/031 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationConserved charges in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes
Aneesh, P. B., Hoque, S. J., & Amitabh Virmani, C. (2019) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ab3be7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Shaghoulian, E. (2014) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2014)011 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
de Sitter entropy as entanglement
Narayan, K. (2019) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s021827181944019x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hamiltonian mass of asymptotically Schwarzschild–de Sitter space-times
Chruściel, P. T., Jezierski, J., & Kijowski, J. (2013) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.87.124015 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Anninos, D., Genolini, P. B., & Mühlmann, B. (2023) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep11(2023)145 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationHigher-spin symmetry vs. boundary locality, and a rehabilitation of dS/CFT
David, A., & Neiman, Y. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2020)127 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Matrix quantum mechanics from qubits
Hartnoll, S. A., Huijse, L., & Mazenc, E. A. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep01(2017)010 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Quantum thermodynamics of de Sitter space
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Colgáin, E. Ó., Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M., Vázquez-Poritz, J. F., Yavartanoo, H., & Zhang, Z. (2014) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.045013 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Baby de Sitter black holes and dS3/CFT2
de Buyl, S., Detournay, S., Giribet, G. E., & Ng, G. S. (2014) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2014)020 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Double trace flows and holographic RG in dS/CFT correspondence
Das, D., Das, S. R., & Mandal, G. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep11(2013)186 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Quantum corrections to the path integral of near extremal de Sitter black holes
Blacker, M. J., Castro, A., Sybesma, W., & Toldo, C. (2025) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep08(2025)120 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Towards a dS/MERA correspondence
Kunkolienkar, R. S., & Banerjee, K. (2017) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s0218271817501437 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Notes on gauge fields and discrete series representations in de Sitter spacetimes
Fukelman, A. R., Sempé, M. N., & Silva, G. A. (2024) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep01(2024)011 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-dual gravity in de Sitter space: Light-cone ansatz and static-patch scattering
Neiman, Y. (2024) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.109.024039 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Grassmann matrix quantum mechanics
Anninos, D., Denef, F., & Monten, R. (2016) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2016)138 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationdS/CFT at uniform energy density and a de Sitter “bluewall”
Das, D., Das, S. R., & Narayan, K. (2014) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2014)116 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hamiltonian dynamics in the space of asymptotically Kerr–de Sitter spacetimes
Chruściel, P. T., Jezierski, J., & Kijowski, J. (2015) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.92.084030 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- ANNINOS, D.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- ANNINOS, DIONYSIOS
- ORCID
- ANNINOS, DIONYSIOS
- Venue
- International Journal of Modern Physics A
- Publisher
- World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
- Published
- 2012-05-16
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1230013
- ISSN
- 0217-751X (ISSN-L)
- 1793-656X
- OpenAlex
- W2122074963
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Modern Physics A (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Keywords
- Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole, black hole nucleation, semiclassical gravity, initial value problems, holography, thermal cavity
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