The use of eye movements in human-computer interaction techniques: what you look at is what you get
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In seeking hitherto-unused methods by which users and computers can comrnumcate, we investigate the usefulness of eye movements as a fast and convenient auxiliary user-to-computer H. 5,2 [Information Interfaces and presentation]:
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The most common gaze selection methods that intend to handle the Midas touch problem are screen button (Ohno, 1998) and dwell time (Jacob, 1991).
“The most common gaze selection methods that intend to handle the Midas touch problem are: (i) screen button introduced by Ohno (1998) and (ii) Dwell time introduced by Jacob (1991).”
From The EyeHarp: A Gaze-Controlled Digital Musical Instrument (2016) · cites this paper as Jacob (1991)
In Object Selection (page unavailable), Jacob describes and tests dwell-time gaze selection, including its use to avoid inadvertent selections while looking around the display. The paper does not establish that Jacob introduced the method or that it is among the most common methods. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the dwell time method, when a fixation lasts for more than a given time period (typically about 1 s), a selection is made.
“In the case of the dwell time method, when a fixation lasts for more than a given time period (typically about 1 s), a selection is made.”
From The EyeHarp: A Gaze-Controlled Digital Musical Instrument (2016) · cites this paper as Jacob (1991)
The Object Selection section says dwell time selects an object after the user looks at it long enough. But it reports using 150–250 milliseconds and finding no useful case for a long dwell time (over approximately one second), so it does not support the claim that the period is typically about one second. Page numbers are not available in the supplied passages. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Cites
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- Authors
- Jacob, R. J. K.
- Affiliations
- Naval Research Loboratory
- Corresponding author
- Jacob, Robert J. K.
- ORCID
- Jacob, Robert J. K.
- Venue
- ACM Transactions on Information Systems
- Published
- 1991-04
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 152-169
- ISSN
- 1046-8188 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2868
- OpenAlex
- W2110228188
- Cited by
- 845
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- ACM Transactions on Information Systems (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Interactive and Immersive Displays
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Keywords
- eye movements, eye tracking, human-computer interaction, alternative input methods, gaze-based interaction
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