A web accessibility report card for top international university web sites
Abstract
University web pages play a central role in the activities of current and prospective postsecondary students. University sites that are not accessible may exclude people with disabilities from participation in educational, social and professional activities. In order to assess the current state of university web site accessibility, we performed a multi-method analysis of the home pages of 100 top international universities. Each site was analyzed for compliance with accessibility standards, image accessibility, alternate-language and text-only content, and quality of web accessibility statements. Results showed that many top universities continue to have accessibility problems. University web site accessibility also varies greatly across different countries and geographic regions. Remaining obstacles to universal accessibility for universities include low accessibility in non-English-speaking countries and absent or low-quality accessibility policies.
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Kane et al. (2007) measured accessibility of Top 100 global University web pages.
“A study conducted to measure accessibility of Top 100 global University web pages (Kane et al., 2007).”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
In Top 100 University study and Malaysian University study, two web sites were observed with zero accessibility errors.
“In Top 100 University study and Malaysian University study, two web sites were observed with zero accessibility errors, at the time when the studies were conducted.”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
In the comparative analysis, the Indian university homepages had no website with zero accessibility errors, whereas the Top 100 University study and Malaysian University study each had two websites with zero errors.
“| Univ with zero errors | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
The Indian university homepages had a total error count of 375,989, which is larger than the error counts in the Kane et al. (937), Ahmi and Mohamad (14,935), and Tahani and Steve (82,685) studies.
“| Total error count | 937 | 14935 | 82685 | 375989 |”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
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Web accessibility compliance for e-Government websites in the Gulf region
Saleem, M. (2016) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Scanlon, E. M., Taylor, Z., & Chini, J. J. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1907.02906 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
AN APPROACH TO TRAINING TEAMS FOR DEVELOPING ACCESSIBLE WEB APPLICATIONS
Bittar, T. J., Fortes, R. P. D. M., do Amaral, L. A., & Lobato, L. L. (2013) · CONTECSI - International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management · doi:10.5748/9788599693094-10contecsi/ps-292
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Accessibility Issues of Educational Web Sites
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An Inclusive Method to Support the Web Accessibility Assessment and Awareness-Raising
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Unified Website Accessibility Assessment Framework
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Accessibility Issues of Educational Web Sites
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Web Accessibility Analysis of Indonesia Inclusive Vocational High Schools
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- Authors
- Kane, S. K., Shulman, J. A., Shockley, T. J., & Ladner, R. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2007 international cross-disciplinary conference on Web accessibility (W4A) - W4A '07
- Publisher
- ACM Press
- Published
- 2007
- Pages
- 148
- OpenAlex
- W2021735727
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Web for All Conference (W4A) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information Architecture and Usability
- Keywords
- web accessibility, university websites, accessibility compliance, image accessibility, multilingual content, accessibility statement, accessibility policy, people with disabilities, international universities, cross-national comparison
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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