Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,074

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Interacting with paper on the DigitalDesk

Open access
Wellner, Pierre·1993·Communications of the ACM

Abstract

In the 1970’s Xerox PARC developed the “desktop metaphor, ” which made computers easy to use by making them look and act like ordinary desks and paper. This led visionaries to predict the “paperless office ” would dominate within a few years, but the trouble with this prediction is that people like paper too much. It is portable, tactile, universally accepted, and easier to read than a screen. Today, we continue to use paper, and computers produce more of it than they replace. Instead of trying to use computers to replace paper, the DigitalDesk takes the opposite approach. It keeps the paper, but uses computers to make it more powerful. It provides a Computer Augmented Environment for paper. The DigitalDesk is built around an ordinary physical desk and can be used as such, but it has extra capabilities. A video camera is mounted above the desk, pointing down at the work surface. This camera’s output is fed through a system that can detect where the user is pointing, and it can read documents that are placed on the desk. A computer-driven electronic projector is also mounted above

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1145/159544.159630

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Cited by

See all 1,074

Metadata

Authors
Wellner, P.
Venue
Communications of the ACM
Published
1993-07
Volume
36
Issue
7
Pages
87-96
ISSN
  • 0001-0782 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7317
OpenAlex
W1968211101
Cited by
1,074
References
2
FWCI
25.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Interacting with paper on the DigitalDesk. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/159544.159630
The paper
Wellner, P. (1993). Interacting with paper on the DigitalDesk. Communications of the ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/159544.159630

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.