The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Functionality and usability
Open accessAbstract
Instead of limiting functionality, usability complements functionality. It affects how and with what effectiveness a system is used, and even whether or not it is used at all.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fundamentals of interactive computer graphics
(1982) · Computer Graphics and Image Processing · doi:10.1016/0146-664x(82)90117-4 · Cited by 1,839
The future of interactive systems and the emergence of direct manipulation†
Shneiderman, B. (1982) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/01449298208914450 · Cited by 548
Tupac, J. D. (1963) · Spartan Books · Cited by 530
Design of Man-Computer Dialogues
Martin, J. A. (1990) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 356
Harris, S. (1977) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1977.10647 · Cited by 174
Towards the experimental study of usability
Eason, K. (1984) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/01449298408901744 · Cited by 156
Why interactive computer systems are sometimes not used by people who might benefit from them
Nickerson, R. S. (1999) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1006/ijhc.1981.0311 · Cited by 143
Consistency and compatibility in human-computer dialogue
Barnard, P. J., Hammond, N. V., Morton, J., Long, J. B., & Clark, I. A. (1981) · International Journal of Man-Machine Studies · doi:10.1016/s0020-7373(81)80024-7 · Cited by 104
Handbook of screen format design
Galitz, W. O., & Brockmann, R. J. (1984) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/tpc.1984.6448744 · Cited by 102
Application of guidelines for designing user interface software
Mosier, J. N., & Smith, S. L. (1986) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/01449298608914497 · Cited by 100
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- Bennett J.L., 1978, Proceedings of the Infernational Conference on Cybernetics and Society (Tokyo-Kyoto. Japan, Nov. 3-7). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1119
- Conrath D.W., 1982, Proceedings, Office Automation Conference, 825
- Davis R., 1983, Int. I. Man-Mach. Stud., 19, 4
- Eason K.D., 1984, Ink J. Man-Mach. Stud., 3, 2
- Foley J.D., 1982, Mass.
- Galitz W.O., 1981, Mass.
- Keister R.S., 1983, Proceedings of the Human Fucfors Society (Norfolk, Va., Oct. 10-14), 1031
- Maguire M., 1982, Int. 1. Man-Mach. Stud., 16, 3
- Meadow C.T., 1983, J. Am. Sot. If. Sci., 34, 4
- Meads J.A., 1985, Dafamnfion, 31, 4
- Moynihan J.A., 1982, Dnfamafion, 284, 116
- Nickerson R., Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud., 25, 469
- Shneiderman B., 1982, Dntamation, 28, 4
- Shneiderman B., Behav. Inf Technot. I, 3, 237
- Smith S.L., 1984, Mass.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology
Davis, F. D. (1989) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249008 · Cited by 68,483
Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, and Usage of Information Technology: A Replication
Adams, D. A., Nelson, R. R., & Todd, P. A. (1992) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249577 · Cited by 3,084
The Measurement of End-User Computing Satisfaction
Doll, W. J., & Torkzadeh, G. (1988) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/248851 · Cited by 2,572
Personal Computing Acceptance Factors in Small Firms: A Structural Equation Model1
Igbaria, M., Zinatelli, N., Cragg, P. B., & Cavaye, A. (1997) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249498 · Cited by 1,711
El‐Said, O. A., & Aziz, H. (2021) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287521997567 · Cited by 407
Persuasive Design of Destination Web Sites: An Analysis of First Impression
Kim, H., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2008) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287507312405 · Cited by 366
Using protocol analysis to evaluate the usability of a commercial web site
Benbunan‐Fich, R. (2001) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/s0378-7206(01)00085-4 · Cited by 326
User Satisfaction with Computer-Mediated Communication Systems
Hiltz, S. R., & Johnson, K. R. (1990) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.36.6.739 · Cited by 235
Determinants of academic use of the Internet: A structural equation model
Seyal, A. H., Rahman, M. N. A., & Rahim, M. M. (2002) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/01449290210123354 · Cited by 229
Evaluation and selection of mobile health (mHealth) applications using AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS
Rajak, M., & Shaw, K. (2019) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101186 · Cited by 211
Gray, P., & Durcikova, A. (2005) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222220306 · Cited by 191
The Applicability of TAM Outside North America
Al‐Gahtani, S. S. (2001) · Information Resources Management Journal · doi:10.4018/irmj.2001070104 · Cited by 190
Self-interruptions in discretionary multitasking
Adler, R. F., & Benbunan‐Fich, R. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.040 · Cited by 177
System Response Time and User Satisfaction: An Experimental Study of Browser-based Applications
Hoxmeier, J. A., & DiCesare, C. (2000) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 167
Electronic customer relationship management
Fjermestad, J. L., & Romano, N. (2003) · Business Process Management Journal · doi:10.1108/14637150310496695 · Cited by 164
Brain-Computer Interfacing and Games
Bos, D., Reuderink, B., van de Laar, B. V. D., Gürkök, H., Mühl, C., Poel, M., Nijholt, A., & Heylen, D. (2010) · Brain-Computer Interfaces · doi:10.1007/978-1-84996-272-8_10 · Cited by 175
Evaluating multiple aspects of a digital educational problem-solving-based adventure game
Hou, H., & Li, M.-C. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.052 · Cited by 141
Çiğdem, H., & Topçu, A. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.049 · Cited by 136
Acceptance of communication media in organizations: richness or features?
El‐Shinnawy, M., & Markus, M. L. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/47.735366 · Cited by 116
The effect of training on auditors' acceptance of an electronic work system
Bedard, J. C., Jackson, C. M., Ettredge, M., & Johnstone, K. M. (2003) · International Journal of Accounting Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.accinf.2003.05.001 · Cited by 108
Measuring Perceived Website Usability
Wang, J., & Sénécal, S. (2007) · Journal of Internet Commerce · doi:10.1080/15332860802086318 · Cited by 95
Technology acceptance in the banking industry
Anandarajan, M., Igbaria, M., & Anakwe, U. P. (2000) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/09593840010359491 · Cited by 100
Productivity enhancement from computer-mediated communication: a systems contingency approach
Hiltz, S. R. (1988) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/53580.53583 · Cited by 91
MetaMap: Supporting Visual Metaphor Ideation through Multi-dimensional Example-based Exploration
Kang, Y., Sun, Z., Wang, S., Huang, Z., Wu, Z., & Ma, X. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445325 · Cited by 81
Kortum, P. T., & Peres, S. C. (2014) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2014.904177 · Cited by 81
User appropriation of mobile technologies: Motives, conditions and design properties
Wiredu, G. O. (2007) · Information and Organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2007.03.002 · Cited by 71
The adoption of the internet by export firms in transitional markets
Tho, N. D., & Barrett, N. J. (2006) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/13555850610641073 · Cited by 73
The functional and usable appeal of Facebook SNS games
Chen, K., Shen, K., & Ma, M. (2012) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/10662241211250999 · Cited by 69
Usability Evaluation of an Unpopular Restaurant Recommender Web Application Zomato
Reddy, H. B. S., Reddy, R. R. S., Jonnalagadda, R., Singh, P., & Gogineni, A. (2022) · Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science · doi:10.9734/ajrcos/2022/v13i430319 · Cited by 68
A usability study on human–computer interface for middle-aged learners
Chou, J.-R., & Hsiao, S. (2006) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2006.02.011 · Cited by 66
Understanding Blind Users' Web Accessibility and Usability Problems
The University of North Carolina - Greensboro, Babu, R., Singh, R., The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, U., Ganesh, J., & Limited, I. T. (2010) · AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.17705/1thci.00015 · Cited by 59
Clarifying Ontological Inseparability with Heidegger’s Analysis Of Equipment1
Riemer, K., & Johnston, R. B. (2017) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2017/41.4.03 · Cited by 59
Liao, Z., & Landry, R. (2005) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2000.926665 · Cited by 56
Senior government executives' use of the internet: A Bruneian scenario
Seyal, A. H., & Pijpers, G. G. M. (2004) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/01449290410001669978 · Cited by 55
Data-driven modeling of technology acceptance: A machine learning perspective
Alwabel, A. S. A., & Zeng, X. (2021) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115584 · Cited by 64
Geng, S., Yang, M., Mitici, M., & Liu, S. (2023) · Reliability Engineering & System Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ress.2023.109298 · Cited by 48
The measurement of computer literacy: a comparison of self-appraisal and objective tests
van Vliet, P. J. A., Kletke, M. G., & Chakraborty, G. (1994) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1006/ijhc.1994.1040 · Cited by 48
It Is About What They Could Do with the Data
Jakobi, T., Patil, S., Randall, D. W., Stevens, G., & Wulf, V. (2019) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3281444 · Cited by 54
Cho, Y. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445577 · Cited by 51
Enhancing Student Learning in Marketing Courses
Hollenbeck, C. R., Mason, C. H., & Song, J. H. (2011) · Journal of Marketing Education · doi:10.1177/0273475311410850 · Cited by 43
Understanding social resistance to determine the future of Internet of Things (IoT) services
Kim, J., & Park, E. (2020) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2020.1827033 · Cited by 42
Fjermestad, J. L., & Romano, N. (2003) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2003.1174394 · Cited by 42
Nonfunctional Requirements of Real-Time Systems
Kirner, C., & Davis, A. M. (1996) · Advances in computers · doi:10.1016/s0065-2458(08)60483-0 · Cited by 42
Rodríguez, T. E., & Romero-Alonso, M. M. (2013) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2013.810779 · Cited by 41
Schuld, J., Schäfer, T., Nickel, S., Jacob, P., Schilling, M. K., & Richter, S. (2010) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.10.012 · Cited by 41
Ramayah, T., Ignatius, J., & Aafaqi, B. (2005) · Cited by 41
Usability in computer documentation design: conceptual and methodological considerations
Guillemette, R. A. (1989) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/47.44534 · Cited by 40
Technological or social utility? Unraveling explanations of email, vmail, and fax use
Soe, L. L., & Markus, M. L. (1993) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.1993.9960142 · Cited by 40
Harms, I. M., Bingen, L., & Steffens, J. (2020) · Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2020.01.018 · Cited by 38
Heuristic Evaluation of an IoMT System for Remote Health Monitoring in Senior Care
Santana-Mancilla, P. C., Anido, L., Contreras-Castillo, J. J., & Buenrostro‐Mariscal, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051586 · Cited by 38
Nathan, R. J., Chiun, D. C. F., & Sukı, N. M. (2016) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0746-8.ch001 · Cited by 37
Technology acceptance and ERP documentation usability
Scott, J. E. (2008) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/1400214.1400239 · Cited by 33
A Grounded Theory Approach to Understanding the Website Experiences of Restaurant Customers
Namkung, Y., Shin, S.-Y., & Yang, I.-S. (2007) · Journal of Foodservice Business Research · doi:10.1300/j369v10n01_05 · Cited by 34
The WOSP Model: Balanced Information System Design and Evaluation
Whitworth, B., & Zaic, M. (2003) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.01217 · Cited by 29
Determining and validating smart TV UX factors: A multiple-study approach
Jang, J., & Yi, M. Y. (2019) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.05.001 · Cited by 28
Measuring the functional and usable appeal of crossover B-Car interiors
Shen, K., Chen, K., Liang, C.-C., Pu, W.-P., & Ma, M. (2012) · Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries · doi:10.1002/hfm.20525 · Cited by 28
Chowdhury, A., Karmakar, S., Reddy, S. M., Ghosh, S., & Chakrabarti, D. (2014) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2014.07.008 · Cited by 28
Effect of the quality of user documentation on user satisfaction with information systems
Gemoets, L. A., & Mahmood, M. A. (1990) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/0378-7206(90)90063-n · Cited by 28
Evaluating the Usability of a Moroccan University Research Management Web Platform
Benmoussa, K., Laaziri, M., Khoulji, S., Kerkeb, M. L., & Yamami, A. E. (2019) · Procedia Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.315 · Cited by 27
What does it mean for a system to be useful?
MacDonald, C. M., & Atwood, M. E. (2014) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/2598510.2598600 · Cited by 27
Beautiful beyond Useful? The Role of Web Aesthetics
Wang, Y. J., Hong, S., & Lou, H. (2015) · Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University) · doi:10.1080/08874417.2010.11645414 · Cited by 27
The Adoption of the E-Banking: Validation of the Technology Acceptance Model
Raida, R., & Bouslama, N. (2013) · Technology and Investment · doi:10.4236/ti.2013.43023 · Cited by 26
Miller, D. S., Smith, J., & Muller, M. J. (1992) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/142621.142643 · Cited by 26
Chang, C.-M., Lee, C.-H., & Igarashi, T. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445165 · Cited by 25
Microcomputer software evaluation: An econometric model
Anderson, E. E., & Chen, Y. (1997) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/s0167-9236(96)00042-5 · Cited by 25
Creating a Framework for Improving the Learnability of a Complex System
Linja-aho, M. (2006) · Human Technology · doi:10.17011/ht/urn.2006519 · Cited by 25
Li, J., He, C., Hu, J., Jia, B., Halevy, A. Y., & Ma, X. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642853 · Cited by 24
Chen, H., & Chen, H. (2020) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2020.1864017 · Cited by 24
Babu, R., & Singh, R. (2013) · Journal of Information Technology Education Research · doi:10.28945/1752 · Cited by 22
The adoption of e-learning beyond MOOCs for higher education
Liu, C. (2020) · International Journal of Accounting and Information Management · doi:10.1108/ijaim-08-2020-0129 · Cited by 21
Jung, T. H., & Butler, R. W. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6291-0_42 · Cited by 21
The Implicit Aesthetic Preference for Mobile Marketing Interface Layout—An ERP Study
Shu, W., Xu, C., Xiao, L., & Ding, A. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.728895 · Cited by 19
CoArgue : Fostering Lurkers’ Contribution to Collective Arguments in Community-based QA Platforms
Liu, C., Zhou, S., Liu, D., Li, J., Huang, Z., & Ma, X. (2023) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3580932 · Cited by 25
Factors influencing e-marketplace adoption in agricultural micro-enterprises
Brush, G. J., & McIntosh, D. (2010) · International Journal of Electronic Business · doi:10.1504/ijeb.2010.035295 · Cited by 19
A Taxonomy of user-perceived privacy risks to foster accountability of data-based services
Jakobi, T., von Grafenstein, M., Smieskol, P., & Stevens, G. (2022) · Journal of Responsible Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jrt.2022.100029 · Cited by 18
Leveraging the flexibility of your data warehouse
Goeke, R. J., & Faley, R. H. (2007) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/1290958.1290970 · Cited by 18
Web Presence Transformations in the 1990s: An Analysis of Press Releases
Benbunan‐Fich, R., & Altschuller, S. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/tpc.2005.849647 · Cited by 18
The Dynamics of Product Development in Software Startups
Shanbhag, N., & Pardede, E. (2019) · International Journal of System Dynamics Applications · doi:10.4018/ijsda.2019040104 · Cited by 17
Ranking the Factors Influencing e-Trading Usage in Agricultural Marketing
Chaudhary, S., & Suri, P. K. (2021) · Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management · doi:10.1007/s40171-021-00276-8 · Cited by 17
Usability as a goal for the design of computer systems
Ovaska, S. (1991) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 17
Experimental investigation of the utility of data structure and E-R diagrams in database query
Davis, J. S. (1990) · International Journal of Man-Machine Studies · doi:10.1016/s0020-7373(05)80142-7 · Cited by 17
A usability-oriented approach to requirements engineering
Carlshamre, P., & Karlsson, J. (2002) · IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) · doi:10.1109/icre.1996.491439 · Cited by 17
Bartindale, T., Sheikh, A., Taylor, N., Wright, P., & Olivier, P. L. (2012) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2207676.2207700 · Cited by 16
Collazo, N. A. J., Wu, X., Elen, J., & Clarebout, G. (2014) · ISRN Education · doi:10.1155/2014/736931 · Cited by 19
THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND CONTENT ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE WEBSITES IN CHINA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Xi, Y., Zhuang, Y., HUANG, W., SHE, C., & Zhang, Z. (2007) · International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making · doi:10.1142/s0219622007002472 · Cited by 15
Human Factors in Human–Computer System Design
Day, M. C., & Boyce, S. J. (1993) · Advances in computers · doi:10.1016/s0065-2458(08)60274-0 · Cited by 15
The impact of cultural values on email acceptance : evidence from the PRC
Huang, L. (2003) · doi:10.14793/cds_etd.6 · Cited by 15
Eye tracking and usability research: An introduction to the special issue
Pannasch, S., Helmert, J. R., & Velichkovsky, B. M. (2008) · Journal of Eye Movement Research · Cited by 15
Chinese air travelers' acceptance towards electronic ticketing
Wan, G., & Che, P. (2005) · IEEE International Engineering Management Conference (IEMC) · doi:10.1109/iemc.2004.1407118 · Cited by 14
Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, T. T., Cai, L., Yuen, K. F., & Wang, X. (2025) · The International Journal of Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/ijlm-03-2023-0088 · Cited by 13
Software developers' views of end-users and project success
Procaccino, J. D., & Verner, J. M. (2009) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/1506409.1506437 · Cited by 13
Influence of Website Design on Consumer Emotion and Purchase Intention in Travel Websites
Chen, Y., & Wu, C.-J. (2016) · International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction · doi:10.4018/ijthi.2016100102 · Cited by 13
Xiao, L., Mao, H., & Wang, S. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12062496 · Cited by 13
Allwood, C. M., & Kalén, T. (1993) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/0953-5438(93)90017-n · Cited by 13
Seyal, A. H., & Rahman, M. N. A. (2003) · AJIS. Australasian journal of information systems/AJIS. Australian journal of information systems/Australian journal of information systems · doi:10.3127/ajis.v10i2.156 · Cited by 13
A case study in systematic hypermedia design
Balasubramanian, V., Bieber, M., & Isakowitz, T. (2001) · Information Systems · doi:10.1016/s0306-4379(01)00022-9 · Cited by 13
Liu, C., Huang, Z., Liu, D., Zhou, S., Peng, Z., & Ma, X. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3555555 · Cited by 12
Chen, H.-G., & Vecchio, R. P. (1992) · International Journal of Man-Machine Studies · doi:10.1016/0020-7373(92)90076-w · Cited by 12
Lun, K. C. (1995) · International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing · doi:10.1016/0020-7101(94)01093-g · Cited by 12
JournalAIde: Empowering Older Adults in Digital Journal Writing
Zhou, S., Lin, W., Xu, Z., Wei, X., Huang, R., Ma, X., & Fan, M. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713339 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Goodwin, N. C.
- Affiliations
- Mitre (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goodwin, Nancy C.
- Venue
- Communications of the ACM
- Published
- 1987-03
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 229-233
- ISSN
- 0001-0782 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7317
- OpenAlex
- W2007275742
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Communications of the ACM (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
- Keywords
- usability, functionality, human-computer interaction, system design, user effectiveness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review