The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multi-level direction of autonomous creatures for real-time virtual environments
Open accessAbstract
There have been several recent efforts to build behavior-based autonomous creatures.While competent autonomous action is highly desirable, there is an important need to integrate autonomy with "directability".In this paper we discuss the problem of building autonomous animated creatures for interactive virtual environments which are also capable of being directed at multiple levels.We present an approach to control which allows an external entity to "direct" an autonomous creature at the motivational level, the task level, and the direct motor level.We also detail a layered architecture and a general behavioral model for perception and action-selection which incorporates explicit support for multi-level direction.These ideas have been implemented and used to develop several autonomous animated creatures.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A robust layered control system for a mobile robot
Brooks, R. (1986) · IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation · doi:10.1109/jra.1986.1087032 · Cited by 7,799 · cited 2×
“Action-selection has been a topic of some interest among Ethol-ogists and Computer Scientists alike, and a number of algorithms have been proposed [3, 4, 12, 19-22].”
BackgroundFlocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
Reynolds, C. W. (1987) · Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques · doi:10.1145/37401.37406 · Cited by 7,714
Latombe, J.-C. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4022-9 · Cited by 6,396
Rowan, W., & Tinbergen, N. (1952) · Bird-Banding · doi:10.2307/4510368 · Cited by 2,696
(2012) · Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_5794 · Cited by 2,562
Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics, Animation, and Control
Badler, N. I., Phillips, C. B., & Webber, B. L. (1993) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195073591.001.0001 · Cited by 751
Situated agents can have goals
Maes, P. (1990) · Robotics and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1016/s0921-8890(05)80028-4 · Cited by 525
Integrating behavioral, perceptual, and world knowledge in reactive navigation
Arkin, R. C. (1990) · Robotics and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1016/s0921-8890(05)80031-4 · Cited by 424
Computational modeling for the computer animation of legged figures
Girard, M., & Maciejewski, A. A. (1985) · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics · doi:10.1145/325165.325244 · Cited by 314
Animation of dynamic legged locomotion
Raibert, M. H., & Hodgins, J. K. (1991) · Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques · doi:10.1145/122718.122755 · Cited by 292
Cited by
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Lester, J. C., Converse, S. A., Kahler, S. E., Barlow, S. T., Stone, B. A., & Bhogal, R. S. (1997) · Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems · doi:10.1145/258549.258797 · Cited by 801
BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit
Cassell, J., Vilhjálmsson, H. H., & Bickmore, T. (2001) · Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques · doi:10.1145/383259.383315 · Cited by 739
Verbs and adverbs: multidimensional motion interpolation
Rose, C., Cohen, M. F., & Bodenheimer, B. (1998) · IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications · doi:10.1109/38.708559 · Cited by 730
Parish, Y. I. H., & Müller, P. (2001) · Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques · doi:10.1145/383259.383292 · Cited by 676
Narrative Planning: Balancing Plot and Character
Riedl, M. O., & Young, R. M. (2010) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research · doi:10.1613/jair.2989 · Cited by 522
Metadata
- Authors
- Blumberg, B. M., & Galyean, T. A.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques - SIGGRAPH '95
- Publisher
- ACM Press
- Published
- 1995
- Pages
- 47-54
- OpenAlex
- W2234200704
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 70.57
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Multi-level direction of autonomous creatures for real-time virtual environments. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/218380.218405
- The paper
- Blumberg, B. M., & Galyean, T. A. (1995). Multi-level direction of autonomous creatures for real-time virtual environments. Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques - SIGGRAPH '95. https://doi.org/10.1145/218380.218405
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
