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Values, personal information privacy, and regulatory approaches
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The relationships among nationality, cultural values, personal information privacy concerns, and information privacy regulation are examined in this article.
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“Similar to this study and to the typologies, Milberg, Burke, Smith, and Kallman (1995) also found concern about privacy to be high in all nine countries they studied.”
From A global perspective on library association codes of ethics (2005) · cites this paper as Milberg, Burke, Smith, and Kallman (1995)
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“First, the borderless nature of the new economy is making the issue of online privacy more compli cated than ever before (Milberg et al. 1995).”
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Beyond concern—a privacy-trust-behavioral intention model of electronic commerce
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“However, privacy concerns often arise when new IT with enhanced capabilities for collection, storage, use, and communication of personal information come into play [10,11,13,28,44,48,59,65].”
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“…forms of Internet privacy regulation: (1) These differences reflect and are related to differences in cultural values (Hofstede, 1980, 1991; Milberg et al., 1995); (2) these differences reflect differences in Internet experience and therefore familiarity with Web privacy practices; or (3)…”
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“Measures for regulatory expectations were developed based on prior privacy studies (Milberg et al , 1995; Milberg et al , 2000; Bellman et al , 2004).”
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Hann, I.-H., Hui, K.-L., Lee, S. T., & Png, I. (2007) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222240202 · Cited by 482
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Dinev, T., & Hart, P. (2005) · International Journal of Electronic Commerce · doi:10.2753/jec1086-4415100201 · Cited by 448
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“6 percent, very close to the European average of 57.2 percent. Finally, the countries have relatively equal geographical representation throughout Europe, with two countries in each of the four blocks except for Block 1. We attempted as much as possible to ensure diversity in the focus groups in terms of demographics…”
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“Hence, individuals in high PDI countries would exhibit higher levels of privacy concerns (Bellman et al., 2004; Milberg et al., 1995, 2000).”
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Liu, C., Marchewka, J. T., Lu, J., & Yu, C. (2004) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2004.01.002 · Cited by 225
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“…studies on the determinants of IPC may over-represent experienced Internet users, by soliciting subjects through emails (e.g., Bellman et al. 2004; Chen et al. 2001; Sheehan 2002), or targeting at students and IS professionals (e.g., Chen et al. 2001; Hui et al. 2007; Milberg et al. 1995).”
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Cross-Cultural Comparison of Organizational Media Evaluation and Choice
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“Data and information security revolve around issues of collection, improper access, errors, and unauthorized secondary usage (Milberg et al., 2000; Smith et al., 1996; Milberg et al., 1995; Stewart and Segars, 2002).”
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“Milberg et al. ( Milberg et al., 1995 ) noted the general information systems relationships between nationality, cultural values, personal privacy concerns, and privacy regulation.”
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How do post-usage factors and espoused cultural values impact mobile payment continuation?
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“Privacy awareness and protection needs are most often seen in a Western culture where individualism is valued (Milberg et al. 1995; Park, Jun and Lee 2015; Steen-kamp and Geyskens 2006).”
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“For example, from the organizational perspective, employees’ perceptions of privacy values and beliefs were studied across different types of regulatory approaches and organizations (Stone et al., 1983; Smith, 1993; Milberg et al., 1995; Smith et al., 1996; Milberg et al., 2000).”
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“Privacy concerns often arise when new information technologies such as the Web enabled mobile technology that support enhanced capabilities for collection, storage, use, and communication of personal information (Webster, 1998; Milberg, Burke, Smith and Kallman, 1995, Culnan, 1993).”
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“To this end, some privacy researchers have proposed to segment users based on privacy-related factors [26], such as demographics [11] or culture [13, 31].”
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“Milberg et al. (1995) stated that it could be reasonably argued that protection of personal information privacy was a ‘ hypernorm ’ , a principle fundamental to human existence.”
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“For example, Smith and Milberg (1996) provide a measurement instrument for assessing an individual's concern for privacy, and Milberg et al., (1995) examine cultural differences in information privacy concerns.”
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“For example, Milberg et al. (Milberg et al. 1995) found that privacy concerns were lowest in countries at either extreme end of the regulatory spectrum (i.e., no regulation or high regulation).”
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“…Union to enact legislation concerning the automatic processing of personal data, resulting in different types of regulatory models and approaches [45] being adopted, ranging from the “self-help” approach (where there is no government interference and it is up to the countries’ citizens to…”
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“Unfortunately, all study participants were members of a technology professional association [40].”
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A global perspective on library association codes of ethics
Shachaf, P. (2005) · Library & Information Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.lisr.2005.08.008 · Cited by 54
Olinger, H. N., Britz, J., & Olivier, M. S. (2007) · The International Information & Library Review · doi:10.1016/j.iilr.2002.08.001 · Cited by 53
Collective Privacy Management in Social Media
Cho, H., Knijnenburg, B. P., Kobsa, A., & Li, Y. (2018) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3193120 · Cited by 55
“Indeed, previous work has shown that differences in cultural values manifest themselves in unique approaches to privacy [27, 61, 70, 72, 86, 100], and that these countries can indeed serve as representatives for their respective cultures when it comes to such effects [22, 27, 62, 88].”
BackgroundMigrant Entrepreneurship from the Perspective of Cultural Diversity
Sahin, M., Nijkamp, P. J., & Baycan-Levent, T. (2007) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781847209962.00013 · Cited by 51
“Interesting follow-up of his work can be found inter alia in Trompenaars (1994), Milberg et al. (1995), Verbeke (2000), Ardichvili et al. (2002), Christie et al. (2003), Shulruf et al. (2003), McSweeney (2002), Ronald et al. (2004), Stephen et al. (2004) and Bergeron et al. (2005).”
BackgroundWhat You Don’t Know Can Hurt You: Privacy in Collaborative Computing
Bellotti, V. M. E. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-3588-3_16 · Cited by 50
Privacy Considerations in Awareness Systems: Designing with Privacy in Mind
Patil, S., & Kobsa, A. (2009) · Human-computer interaction series · doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-477-5_8 · Cited by 46
“) Additionally, if the work is geographically distributed across different countries, different privacy attitudes and laws of different nationalities may need to be considered [55, 11].”
BackgroundManaging privacy paradox through national culture: Reshaping online retailing strategy
Liyanaarachchi, G. (2021) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102500 · Cited by 45
Reducing asymmetric information in insurance markets: Cars with black boxes
Filipova-Neumann, L., & Welzel, P. (2010) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2010.03.003 · Cited by 46
(2016) · Law, governance and technology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47317-8 · Cited by 49
Electronic surveillance in the global workplace: laws, ethics, research and practice
Kidwell, R. E., & Sprague, R. D. (2009) · New Technology Work and Employment · doi:10.1111/j.1468-005x.2009.00228.x · Cited by 47
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
Guntsadze, M. (2020) · PEOPLE International Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.20319/pijss.2019.53.814821 · Cited by 43
Gaps between policy and practice in the protection of data privacy
Cockcroft, S. (2002) · The Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application · Cited by 43
Monetary Assessment of Battery Life on Smartphones
Hosio, S. J., Ferreira, D., Gonçalves, J., van Berkel, N., Luo, C., Ahmed, M., Flores, H., & Kostakos, V. (2016) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2858036.2858285 · Cited by 42
“Previous studies have quantified the value of mobile phone resources (albeit not of battery life) and have identified differences in how users value different types of personal data [26,34].”
BackgroundEthics and information systems
Smith, H. J. (2002) · ACM SIGMIS Database the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems · doi:10.1145/569905.569908 · Cited by 42
“Legislation surrounding specific I/S issues has on occasion drawn attention (e.g., Laudon, (1996; Milberg et al., 1995; Sipior & Ward, 1995; Straub & Collins 1990).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Milberg, S. J., Burke, S. J., Smith, H. J., & Kallman, E. A.
- Affiliations
- Georgetown University (US)
- Bentley University (US)
- ORCID
- Smith, H. Jeff
- Venue
- Communications of the ACM
- Published
- 1995-12
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 65-74
- ISSN
- 0001-0782 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7317
- OpenAlex
- W2059311829
- Cited by
- 343
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 13.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Communications of the ACM (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Social Sciences › Law › Digitalization, Law, and Regulation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Keywords
- data privacy, cultural values, nationality, privacy concerns, cross-cultural comparison
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