Cited by 343Privacy, Security, and Data ProtectionDigitalization, Law, and RegulationCultural Differences and Values

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Values, personal information privacy, and regulatory approaches

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Milberg, Sandra J., Burke, Sandra J., Smith, H. Jeff, Kallman, Ernest A.·1995·Communications of the ACM

DOI 10.1145/219663.219683

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The relationships among nationality, cultural values, personal information privacy concerns, and information privacy regulation are examined in this article.

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Hofstede , G. Cultures and Organizations . McGraw-Hill , Berkshire, England , 1991 . Hofstede, G. Cultures and Organizations. McGraw-Hill, Berkshire, England, 1991.
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Background
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Background
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“Privacy concerns often arise with new information technologies such as web-enabled mobile technology, which that supports enhanced capabilities for collection, storage, use and communication of personal information (Webster, 1998; Milberg et al., 1995; Culnan, 1993).”
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“Le Par exemple, des niveaux plus élevés de préoccupation tendraient à émerger dans les environnements de régulation modérés (Milberg et al. 1995).”
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How to build an appropriate information ethics code for enterprises in Chinese cultural society
Chang, C. L.-H. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.013 · Cited by 11
An Exploratory Study of the Relationships between Selected Contextual Factors and Information Security Concerns in Global Financial Services Institutions
Ifinedo, P. (2011) · Journal of Information Privacy and Security · doi:10.1080/15536548.2011.10855904 · Cited by 11
“Previous research has underscored the critical importance of contextual factor such as national culture on the assessment of IS security issues in organizations (Milberg et al., 1995; 2000; Kankanhalli et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2008).”
Background
Wireless Internet on Trains: Impact on Performance of Business Travelers
Zhang, M., Marchau, V., van Wee, B., & Hoorn, T. V. D. (2006) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/1977-34 · Cited by 11
The Influence of Privacy, Trust, and National Culture on Internet Transactions
Heales, J., Cockcroft, S., & Trieu, V.-H. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58559-8_14 · Cited by 10
“The original study by Milberg et al. [30] showed that females tend to be more concerned than males.”
Method
Cultural Influences on Privacy Calculus in Loyalty Programs: An Analysis of Individual and National-Level Cultural Values
Balabanis, G. I., Σταθοπούλου, Α., & Balabanis, J. (2024) · Journal of International Marketing · doi:10.1177/1069031x241262728 · Cited by 12
“Milberg et al. (1995) ﬁ nd that none of Hofstede ’ s three national culture dimensions are related to privacy concerns, while Milberg, Smith, and Burke (2000) report that power distance and individualism have a positive effect on privacy concerns, and uncertainty avoidance has a negative effect.”
The Aadhaar: “Evil” Embodied as Law
Satpathy, T. (2017) · Health and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12553-017-0203-5 · Cited by 10
The Unlikely Siblings in the GDPR Family: A Techno-Legal Analysis of Major Platforms in the Diffusion of Personal Data in Service Ecosystems
Kurtz, C., Wittner, F., Semmann, M., Schulz, W., & Böhmann, T. (2019) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2019.607 · Cited by 10
Exploring User Acceptance of Free Wireless Fidelity Public
Udeh, E. P. (2008) · Human Technology · doi:10.17011/ht/urn.200810245834 · Cited by 10
“Moore and Benbasat (1991) adapted EU and defined it as the degree to which a potential adopter views usage of the target system to be relatively free of effort.”
Background
Multicultural Diversity and Migrant Entrepreneurship: The Case of the Netherlands
Sahin, M., Nijkamp, P. J., Baycan, T., Vu, & Bedrijfskunde, F. D. E. W. E. (2006) · ITU Press Press of the Istanbul Technical University · Cited by 10
A Privacy Control Theory for Online Environments
Moloney, M., & Bannister, F. (2009) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2009.31 · Cited by 10
Privacy and HCI
Patil, S., Romero, N. A., & Karat, J. (2006) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/1125451.1125771 · Cited by 10
“The workshop will focus on factors that lead to privacy concerns in such systems (e.g., information capture, information storage, control over access, compilation of separate pieces of information, information presentation, changes in context etc.).”
Background
Social Issues Associated with the Internet at Work
Stone, D. L., Krueger, D. C., & Takach, S. E. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119256151.ch19 · Cited by 10
Information Disclosure and Generational Differences in Social Network Sites
Brooks, L., & Anene, V. (2012) · Americas Conference on Information Systems · Cited by 9
Capturing drivers’ privacy preferences for intelligent transportation systems: An intercultural perspective
Islami, L., Fischer‐Hübner, S., & Papadimitratos, P. (2022) · Computers & Security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2022.102913 · Cited by 9
Transforming a Legacy System into Components
Kim, H.-K., & Chung, Y.-K. (2006) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11751595_22 · Cited by 9
The Development of Japanese Data Protection
Adams, A. A., Murata, K., & Orito, Y. (2010) · Policy & Internet · doi:10.2202/1944-2866.1038 · Cited by 9
“Milberg et al. (1995) suggest that a country that has a moderate level of data protection legislation is likely to have the highest level of public concern over misuse of data.”
Background
Managing the Risks in Information Systems and Technology
Charette, R. N. (1997) · Advances in computers · doi:10.1016/s0065-2458(08)60336-8 · Cited by 9
Information Privacy: Culture, Legislation and User Attitudes
Cockcroft, S. (2006) · AJIS. Australasian journal of information systems/AJIS. Australian journal of information systems/Australian journal of information systems · doi:10.3127/ajis.v14i1.7 · Cited by 9
“It was also used in an earlier study by the same authors ( Milberg et al. 1995 ).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential

Authors: Milberg, S. J., Burke, S. J., Smith, H. J., & Kallman, E. A.
Affiliations: Georgetown University (US)
Bentley University (US)
ORCID: Smith, H. Jeff
Venue: Communications of the ACM
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Published: 1995-12
Volume: 38
Issue: 12
Pages: 65-74
ISSN: 0001-0782 (ISSN-L)
1557-7317
DOI: 10.1145/219663.219683
OpenAlex: W2059311829
Cited by: 343
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 13.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background (vor)
Locations: Communications of the ACM (publishedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Social Sciences › Law › Digitalization, Law, and Regulation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
Keywords: data privacy, cultural values, nationality, privacy concerns, cross-cultural comparison

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