Cited by 509Ethics and Social Impacts of AIMedia, Gender, and AdvertisingScience Education and Perceptions

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Unequal Representation and Gender Stereotypes in Image Search Results for Occupations

Kay, Matthew, Matuszek, Cynthia, Munson, Sean A.·2015·Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

DOI 10.1145/2702123.2702520

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Abstract

Information environments have the power to affect people's perceptions and behaviors. In this paper, we present the results of studies in which we characterize the gender bias present in image search results for a variety of occupations. We experimentally evaluate the effects of bias in image search results on the images people choose to represent those careers and on people's perceptions of the prevalence of men and women in each occupation. We find evidence for both stereotype exaggeration and systematic underrepresentation of women in search results. We also find that people rate search results higher when they are consistent with stereotypes for a career, and shifting the representation of gender in image search results can shift people's perceptions about real-world distributions. We also discuss tensions between desires for high-quality results and broader societal goals for equality of representation in this space.

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Authors: Kay, M., Matuszek, C., & Munson, S. A.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
University of Maryland, Baltimore County (US)
ORCID: Kay, Matthew
Matuszek, Cynthia
Munson, Sean A.
Venue: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Publisher: ACM
Published: 2015-04-18
Pages: 3819-3828
DOI: 10.1145/2702123.2702520
OpenAlex: W2149252982
Cited by: 509
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 10
FWCI: 110.27
Type: conference paper
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background (vor)
Locations: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Media, Gender, and Advertising
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Science Education and Perceptions
Keywords: gender stereotypes, gender bias, image search, occupation, gender representation, underrepresentation of women, search result quality

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Unequal Representation and Gender Stereotypes in Image Search Results for Occupations

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