A Face Recognition Application for People with Visual Impairments: Understanding Use Beyond the Lab
Abstract
Recognizing others is a major challenge for people with visual impairments (VIPs) and can hinder engagement in social activities. We present Accessibility Bot, a research prototype bot on Facebook Messenger, that leverages state-of-the-art computer vision and a user's friends' tagged photos on Facebook to help people with visual impairments recognize their friends. Accessibility Bot provides users information about identity and facial expressions and attributes of friends captured by their phone's camera. To guide our design, we interviewed eight VIPs to understand their challenges and needs in social activities. After designing and implementing the bot, we conducted a diary study with six VIPs to study its use in everyday life. While most participants found the Bot helpful, their experience was undermined by perceived low recognition accuracy, difficulty aiming a camera, and lack of knowledge about the phone's status. We discuss these real-world challenges, identify suitable use cases for Accessibility Bot, and distill design implications for future face recognition applications.
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External factors, such as low-quality images or unreliable internet connectivity, often exacerbate perceived inaccuracies in image captioning.
“In addition, external factors, such as low-quality images or unreliable internet connectivity, often exacerbate perceived inaccuracies in image captioning [152].”
From "It's trained by non-disabled people": Evaluating How Image Quality Affects Product Captioning with Vision-Language Models (2026) · cites this paper as [152]
When users encounter delays or fail to receive meaningful responses, they may view the system as inaccurate or untrustworthy, even if the underlying model is functioning properly.
“When users encounter delays or fail to receive meaningful responses, they may view the system as inaccurate or untrustworthy, even if the underlying model is functioning properly [152].”
From "It's trained by non-disabled people": Evaluating How Image Quality Affects Product Captioning with Vision-Language Models (2026) · cites this paper as [152]
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Gamage, B., McDowell, N., Kovacic, D., Holloway, L. M., Do, T.-T., Lowery, A. J., Price, N. S. C., & Marriott, K. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746383 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Surfacing Variations to Calibrate Perceived Reliability of MLLM-generated Image Descriptions
Chen, M., Iyer, A., & Pavel, A. (2025) · Proceedings of the 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746393 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhao, K., Lai, R., Guo, B., Liu, L., He, L., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3678537 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Lee, K., Sato, D., Asakawa, S., Asakawa, C., & Kacorri, H. (2021) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3441852.3471232 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yamanaka, Y., Kayukawa, S., Takagi, H., Nagaoka, Y., Hiratsuka, Y., & Kurihara, S. (2022) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-94822-1_9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
AI-Driven Innovations in Assistive Technology for People with Disabilities
Malviya, R., & Rajput, S. (2025) · SpringerBriefs in modern perspectives on disability research. · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6069-8_4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Context matters: Investigating information sharing in mixed-visual ability social interactions
Bandukda, M., Wang, Y., Perusquía-Hernández, M., Li, F. M., & Holloway, C. (2024) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3613905.3651121 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Woodin, S. L., & Theil, A. (2021) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3441852.3476471 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Enhancing video communication experience for low vision users
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“Meanwhile, a growing body of work has documented AI models’ degraded, and at times discriminatory, performance for users with disabilities 1 [30, 43, 52, 67, 92, 104, 115], and identified the lack of data representing disabled people as one of the root causes [12, 43, 64, 78, 88, 104].”
Self-citationLi, Q., & Wu, S. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3687014 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationEmpowering Disabled People with AI
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“When users encounter delays or fail to receive meaningful responses, they may view the system as inaccurate or untrustworthy, even if the underlying model is functioning properly [152].”
InfluentialAhmetovic, D., Bernareggi, C., & Mascetti, S. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3743713 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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RetractedA Large Vision-Language Model based Environment Perception System for Visually Impaired People
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Design of a Wearable Assistive System for Visually Impaired People
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Cripping AI: Reimagining AI Through Lived Disability Experiences
Tang, X., Lin, T.-A., Li, J., & Wu, S. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3805689.3806744 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Don't Look at Me Like That—How AR Face Recognition Changes Our Social Behaviour
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Diary Methods Used in Research on Visually Impaired People
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Introduction to the First Workshop on Vision Foundation Models and Generative AI for Accessibility
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A Diary Study of Social Explanations for Recommendations in Daily Life
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A Multimodal Multi-Drone Cooperation System for Real-Time Human Searching
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Dear Diary: Conducting Diary Studies with Participants with Visual Impairments
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Smart Surveillance for Blinds: A YOLOv5-Based Assistive Vision System
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- Authors
- Zhao, Y., Wu, S., Reynolds, L., & Azenkot, S.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Meta (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2018-04-21
- Pages
- 1-14
- OpenAlex
- W2795402370
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 34.23
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- face recognition, visual impairment, accessibility, chatbots, Facebook Messenger, facial expression recognition, social interaction, assistive technology, user experience, recognition accuracy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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