Cited by 258Usability and User Interface DesignInnovative Human-Technology InteractionGender and Technology in Education

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How WEIRD is CHI?

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Linxen, Sebastian, Sturm, Christian, Brühlmann, Florian, Cassau, Vincent, Opwis, Klaus, Reinecke, Katharina·2021·Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

DOI 10.1145/3411764.3445488

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Abstract

Computer technology is often designed in technology hubs in Western countries, invariably making it “WEIRD”, because it is based on the intuition, knowledge, and values of people who are Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. Developing technology that is universally useful and engaging requires knowledge about members of WEIRD and non-WEIRD societies alike. In other words, it requires us, the CHI community, to generate this knowledge by studying representative participant samples. To find out to what extent CHI participant samples are from Western societies, we analyzed papers published in the CHI proceedings between 2016-2020. Our findings show that 73% of CHI study findings are based on Western participant samples, representing less than 12% of the world’s population. Furthermore, we show that most participant samples at CHI tend to come from industrialized, rich, and democratic countries with generally highly educated populations. Encouragingly, recent years have seen a slight increase in non-Western samples and those that include several countries. We discuss suggestions for further broadening the international representation of CHI participant samples.

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Authors: Linxen, S., Sturm, C., Brühlmann, F., Cassau, V., Opwis, K., & Reinecke, K.
Affiliations: University of Basel (CH)
Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences (DE)
University of Washington (US)
ORCID: Sturm, Christian
Brühlmann, Florian
Opwis, Klaus
Reinecke, Katharina
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Publisher: ACM
Published: 2021-05-06
Pages: 1-14
DOI: 10.1145/3411764.3445488
OpenAlex: W1119960297
Cited by: 254
References: 81
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 9
FWCI: 27.66
Type: conference paper
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background (vor, 1 d)
Locations: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (1651487)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Technology in Education
Keywords: WEIRD populations, cross-cultural research, sample diversity

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